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Design and Analysis of a 200 kW Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles 200kw电动汽车动态无线充电系统设计与分析
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773670
Lingxiao Xue, V. Galigekere, G. Su, R. Zeng, Mostak Mohammad, E. Gurpinar, Shajjad Chowdhury, O. Onar
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a 200 kW Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Lingxiao Xue, V. Galigekere, G. Su, R. Zeng, Mostak Mohammad, E. Gurpinar, Shajjad Chowdhury, O. Onar","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773670","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles can significantly alleviate or eliminate range anxiety while reducing the required on-board battery capacity. To achieve an electric vehicle charging balance with minimal infrastructure costs, power transfer levels around 200 kW are required. In this paper, a system architecture with a modularized power electronics and optimized power transfer couplers was adopted to enable efficient power transfer. A DC/DC converter was used for secondary-side charging control of the battery. The system performance was validated in an experimental setup at 120 kW with 91.31% efficiency from the DC input on the primary side to the vehicle battery.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131641529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
In-Situ EV Battery Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy with Pack-Level Current Perturbation from a 400V-to-12V Triple-Active-Bridge 400v - 12v三有源电桥包级电流扰动下的原位EV电池电化学阻抗谱
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773622
S. A. Assadi, Z. Gong, Cheng Feng Wang, Joshua Piruzza, James Xu, Diana Jokic, Seif Sarofim, O. Trescases
{"title":"In-Situ EV Battery Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy with Pack-Level Current Perturbation from a 400V-to-12V Triple-Active-Bridge","authors":"S. A. Assadi, Z. Gong, Cheng Feng Wang, Joshua Piruzza, James Xu, Diana Jokic, Seif Sarofim, O. Trescases","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773622","url":null,"abstract":"A GaN-based, 4-kW, 400V-to-12V triple-active-bridge dc-dc converter is proposed to impose a variable-frequency sinusoidal perturbation between two EV battery half-packs for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The proposed architecture performs EIS on the high-voltage battery at arbitrarily low test frequencies, requiring only a few cycles of operation and no additional means of energy-storage. This allows for fast, opportunistic, in-situ EIS measurements during EV operation. In-situ impedance measurements can help maximize the EV battery performance with respect to its local environment. Full integration into the existing high-voltage to low-voltage dc-dc EV converter results in a compact and low-cost system. A cell-level voltage-response sensor with automatic dc-offset calibration is implemented with integrated signal processing to measure cell-level voltage responses, thereby accurately capturing cell-to-cell impedance variations in the EV battery. Impedance measurements from a fully custom liquid-cooled 350-V lithium-ion EV battery pack are collected between 0.1 Hz and 200 Hz, from 15° C to 25° C, demonstrating simultaneous in-situ pack-level EIS perturbation and cell-level response measurement.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134165274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Control Strategy of Delta-Connected Solid State Transformer Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage 电网电压不平衡条件下三角连接固态变压器的控制策略
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773558
Ouyang Shaodi
{"title":"Control Strategy of Delta-Connected Solid State Transformer Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage","authors":"Ouyang Shaodi","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773558","url":null,"abstract":"The Solid State Transformer (SST) or Power Electronic Transformer (PET) is a key technique in the future distribution grid. The mainstream selection of SST MV stage is cascaded H-bridge, but till now, researchers have not reached a conclusion on whether star-connected CHB or delta-connected CHB is better. This paper gives a comparison on input power capability of the two configurations under unbalanced grid voltage. The input current stress and operating range under unbalanced grid voltage of the two CHBs have been analyzed. A zero-sequence current injection algorithm is proposed to reduce the phase current stress of delta-connected PET which can increase its operation range. The analysis and control schemes are supported by both simulation and experimental.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134269145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensorless Active Damping in Switching Frequency Constrained Medium Voltage Multi-Megawatt Grid Forming Converters 开关频率约束中压多兆瓦并网变换器的无传感器主动阻尼
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773390
M. Awal, S. Schröder
{"title":"Sensorless Active Damping in Switching Frequency Constrained Medium Voltage Multi-Megawatt Grid Forming Converters","authors":"M. Awal, S. Schröder","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773390","url":null,"abstract":"A key limitation of existing state of the art for grid forming (GFM) control in switching frequency constrained medium voltage (MV) multi-megawatt (MMW) scale applications is analyzed and a potential solution is subsequently proposed. To facilitate over-current limiting and fault ride-through, GFM applications mandate fast current regulation and resonance damping, which should be achieved through active control using minimal hardware components and/or sensors. A comparative analysis of control performance is presented between a low voltage and a MV system, which demonstrates that lack of sufficient time-scale separation among the cascaded compensator loops in the latter may lead to substantial performance degradation or even instability. A state-estimator based control structure is proposed for such systems. The proposed analysis and controller is validated through real-time control-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) experiments.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123041564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Passivity of Grid-Forming Converters — Role of Virtual Impedance 成网变换器的无源性研究——虚阻抗的作用
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773656
M. Miranbeigi, P. M. Gajare, J. Benzaquen, P. Kandula, D. Divan
{"title":"On the Passivity of Grid-Forming Converters — Role of Virtual Impedance","authors":"M. Miranbeigi, P. M. Gajare, J. Benzaquen, P. Kandula, D. Divan","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773656","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-forming inverters are the key enablers for the integration of inverter-based resources at scale. A critical component of grid-forming control architecture is the emulation of virtual impedance. However, virtual impedance implementation along with the inner current loops can affect the converter stability. To ensure harmonic stability under widely varying operating conditions, this paper analyzes the passivity of grid-forming inverter with virtual impedance and converter-side current loop. Effective converter admittance is derived from the control architecture and is then used to analyze the passivity properties of grid-forming inverters. Furthermore, a model-based delay-compensation method is proposed to increase the frequency range of passive behavior. The analysis is verified through Matlab/Simulink and Hardware-in-the-Loop real-time simulations.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127912675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A ZVS Pulsewidth Modulation Scheme for Active Class-E Rectifier Based IPT Systems 基于有源e类整流器的IPT系统的ZVS脉宽调制方案
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773636
Bo Xue, Hao Wang, Rong He, Peng Zhao, Minfan Fu, Yu Liu
{"title":"A ZVS Pulsewidth Modulation Scheme for Active Class-E Rectifier Based IPT Systems","authors":"Bo Xue, Hao Wang, Rong He, Peng Zhao, Minfan Fu, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773636","url":null,"abstract":"In inductive power transfer (IPT) systems, it is usually desirable to have an adjustable output voltage. This paper proposes a pulsewidth modulation scheme for active class-E rectifier based IPT systems. The output voltage is regulated by the duty cycle of the active rectifier. Utilizing the proposed modulation scheme, the active MOSFET is turned on at the zero crossing point of its drain-source voltage. Thus, the power MOSFET of the rectifier is achieved with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition over a wide output range. Detailed circuit analysis, modeling and parameters design are presented. The experimental results match well with the circuit modeling and validate the soft-switching operation and the output voltage regulation capabilities. The efficiencies of overall system and rectifier reach 90.22 % and 95.45 % at 120 W output respectively.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121045699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Modular Single-Stage PV Step-up Converter With Integrated Power Balancing Feature Using Inter-Coupled Active Voltage Quadruplers 采用互耦有源电压四倍器的集成功率平衡特性的模块化单级光伏升压变换器
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773425
Kajanan Kanathipan, J. Lam
{"title":"A Modular Single-Stage PV Step-up Converter With Integrated Power Balancing Feature Using Inter-Coupled Active Voltage Quadruplers","authors":"Kajanan Kanathipan, J. Lam","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773425","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel modular single-stage photovoltaic step-up converter with an integrated power balancing technique that features high frequency inter-connecting active voltage quadruplers (VQ). The input stage of each module consists of an integrated boost circuit with a CLL resonant circuit, allowing for both maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and soft-switching operation to be achieved. To achieve balanced output voltage for all the modules while providing MPPT, the output inductor of the resonant circuit in each module is coupled with the neighboring module with duty ratio control of the active VQ circuit is used to control the output voltage. The proposed technique allows the entire PV converter system to simultaneously achieve: (1) MPPT, (2) soft-switching operation for all modules, and (3) equal output voltage and power distribution without the use of additional circuitry. Descriptions of the proposed converter and the proposed power balancing technique are provided. Results on a 2kW, 3kV-output system is provided to highlight the features of the proposed converter configuration.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121051001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A High-Voltage-Gain ZVS IPOS Bidirectional Converter 一种高压增益ZVS IPOS双向变换器
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773438
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Afshin Amoorezaei, S. A. Khajehoddin, K. Moez
{"title":"A High-Voltage-Gain ZVS IPOS Bidirectional Converter","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Afshin Amoorezaei, S. A. Khajehoddin, K. Moez","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773438","url":null,"abstract":"A non-isolated bidirectional converter with high voltage gain is proposed. In the proposed converter, the structure of the input-parallel-output-series bidirectional converter is integrated with the coupled inductors. The features including high voltage gain, low voltage stresses, current sharing, and current-ripple-cancellation are achieved. Due to the proposed converter's operation in triangular conduction mode, the desirable benefits of zero voltage switching, diode reverse recovery elimination, and reduction of converter filter inductors and, consequently, leakage inductors are obtained. To recycle the leakage inductors' energy and solve the related difficulties for both operation modes, a simple passive clamp including the minimum number of elements is utilized. The proposed converter is analyzed and to confirm the analysis, the experimental results are presented.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121151279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Power Cycle Modulation Control of LLC Resonant Converters for Wide Voltage Gain Range Applications 宽电压增益范围LLC谐振变换器的功率周期调制控制
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773581
Yang Chen, Binghui He, Wenbo Liu, Bo Sheng, Yanfei Liu, P. Sen
{"title":"Power Cycle Modulation Control of LLC Resonant Converters for Wide Voltage Gain Range Applications","authors":"Yang Chen, Binghui He, Wenbo Liu, Bo Sheng, Yanfei Liu, P. Sen","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773581","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes Power Cycle Modulation (PCM) control method of LLC converters for wide voltage gain range applications. Instead of switching frequency modulation, the proposed PCM method operates the LLC converter according to a control period comprising an on cycle operation mode for a duration $T_{on}$ and an off cycle operation mode for a duration $boldsymbol{T}_{off}$. $boldsymbol{T}_{on}, boldsymbol{T}_{off}$ and the optimal switching frequency during $T_{on}$ are adjusted based on the sensed input and output voltages. Optimal switching pulse pattern can be maintained under the low output voltage and high input voltage conditions, which ensures the high efficiency. A 65W prototype is built to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121165314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Misalignment-Tolerant IPT System Based on Dual Decoupled Receiver Coils with Voltage Doubler Rectifier 基于双解耦接收线圈和倍压整流器的容差IPT系统
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773620
Shun Liu, Yihao Wu, Lingyun Zhou, R. Mai, Zhengyou He
{"title":"A Misalignment-Tolerant IPT System Based on Dual Decoupled Receiver Coils with Voltage Doubler Rectifier","authors":"Shun Liu, Yihao Wu, Lingyun Zhou, R. Mai, Zhengyou He","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773620","url":null,"abstract":"Misalignment in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems, which usually results in system variation and unstable output, is universal and unavoidable. In this paper, a novel IPT system based on dual decoupled receiver coils with a voltage doubler (VD) rectifier is proposed to improve the misalignment tolerance. A detailed theoretical analysis of the proposed topology is developed, showing how the dual decoupled receiver coils can operate in two modes with the VD rectifier, i.e., transmitting power individually or cooperatively to obtain constant-voltage (CV) output in different misaligned positions without any extra inductors, ac switches, or controllers. Finally, an 820 W experiment prototype is built, the experimental results show that the fluctuation of the output voltage is within 4.9% of its rated load (54 Ω) despite 40% of the magnetic coupler misalignment. Under the 40% misalignment condition, when the load resistance varies from 54 Ω to 90 Ω, the fluctuation of the output voltage is within 1.5%. The system efficiency ranges from 93.52% up to 95.86% with variable loads and misalignments.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121298932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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