{"title":"Local measurement of terahertz field-induced second harmonic generation in plasma filaments.","authors":"Kareem J Garriga Francis, Xi-Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00095-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-023-00095-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of Terahertz Field-Induced Second Harmonic (TFISH) Generation is revisited to introduce a single-shot detection scheme based on third order nonlinearities. Focused specifically on the further development of THz plasma-based sources, we begin our research by reimagining the TFISH system to serve as a direct plasma diagnostic. In this work, an optical probe beam is used to mix directly with the strong ponderomotive current associated with laser-induced ionization. A four-wave mixing (FWM) process then generates a strong second-harmonic optical wave because of the mixing of the probe beam with the nonlinear current components oscillating at THz frequencies. The observed conversion efficiency is high enough that for the first time, the TFISH signal appears visible to the human eye. We perform spectral, spatial, and temporal analysis on the detected second-harmonic frequency and show its direct relationship to the nonlinear current. Further, a method to detect incoherent and coherent THz inside plasma filaments is devised using spatio-temporal couplings. The single-shot detection configurations are theoretically described using a combination of expanded FWM models with Kostenbauder and Gaussian Q-matrices. We show that the retrieved temporal traces for THz radiation from single- and two-color laser-induced air-plasma sources match theoretical descriptions very well. High temporal resolution is shown with a detection bandwidth limited only by the spatial extent of the probe laser beam. Large detection bandwidth and temporal characterization is shown for THz radiation confined to under-dense plasma filaments induced by < 100 fs lasers below the relativistic intensity limit.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10719236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vapor growth of V-doped MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayers with enhanced B-exciton emission and broad spectral response.","authors":"Biyuan Zheng, Xingxia Sun, Weihao Zheng, Chenguang Zhu, Chao Ma, Anlian Pan, Dong Li, Shengman Li","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00097-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00097-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamically engineering the optical and electrical properties in two-dimensional (2D) materials is of great significance for designing the related functions and applications. The introduction of foreign-atoms has previously been proven to be a feasible way to tune the band structure and related properties of 3D materials; however, this approach still remains to be explored in 2D materials. Here, we systematically demonstrate the growth of vanadium-doped molybdenum disulfide (V-doped MoS<sub>2</sub>) monolayers via an alkali metal-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that V atoms substituted the Mo atoms and became uniformly distributed in the MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayers. This was also confirmed by Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Power-dependent photoluminescence spectra clearly revealed the enhanced B-exciton emission characteristics in the V-doped MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayers (with low doping concentration). Most importantly, through temperature-dependent study, we observed efficient valley scattering of the B-exciton, greatly enhancing its emission intensity. Carrier transport experiments indicated that typical p-type conduction gradually arisen and was enhanced with increasing V composition in the V-doped MoS<sub>2</sub>, where a clear n-type behavior transited first to ambipolar and then to lightly p-type charge carrier transport. In addition, visible to infrared wide-band photodetectors based on V-doped MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayers (with low doping concentration) were demonstrated. The V-doped MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayers with distinct B-exciton emission, enhanced p-type conduction and broad spectral response can provide new platforms for probing new physics and offer novel materials for optoelectronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10703759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138498212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohua Xing, Die Zou, Xin Ding, Jianquan Yao, Liang Wu
{"title":"An all-silicon design of a high-efficiency broadband transmissive terahertz polarization convertor.","authors":"Xiaohua Xing, Die Zou, Xin Ding, Jianquan Yao, Liang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00098-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00098-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polarization, a fundamental behavior of electromagnetic waves, holds immense potential across diverse domains such as environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and ocean exploration. However, achieving efficient modulation of terahertz waves with wide operational bandwidth poses significant challenges. Here, we introduce an all-silicon polarization converter designed specifically to operate in the terahertz range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Simulation results demonstrate that the average conversion efficiency of cross-linear waves exceeds 80% across a wide frequency range spanning from 1.00 to 2.32 THz, with the highest conversion efficiency peaking at an impressive 99.97%. Additionally, our proposed structure facilitates linear-to-circular polarization conversion with an ellipticity of 1 at 0.85 THz. Furthermore, by rotating the cross-shaped microstructure, active control over arbitrary polarization states can be achieved. To summarize, the proposed structure offers remarkable flexibility and ease of integration, providing a reliable and practical solution for achieving broadband and efficient polarization conversion of terahertz waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10700243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138487297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhao Wang, Xiaolei Wen, Kai Zou, Yun Meng, Jinwei Zeng, Jian Wang, Huan Hu, Xiaolong Hu
{"title":"Enhancement of silicon sub-bandgap photodetection by helium-ion implantation.","authors":"Zhao Wang, Xiaolei Wen, Kai Zou, Yun Meng, Jinwei Zeng, Jian Wang, Huan Hu, Xiaolong Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00096-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00096-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicon sub-bandgap photodetectors can detect light at the infrared telecommunication wavelengths but with relatively weak photo-response. In this work, we demonstrate the enhancement of sub-bandgap photodetection in silicon by helium-ion implantation, without affecting the transparency that is an important beneficial feature of this type of photodetectors. With an implantation dose of 1 × 10<sup>13</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>, the minimal detectable optical power can be improved from - 33.2 to - 63.1 dBm, or, by 29.9 dB, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, and the photo-response at the same optical power (- 10 dBm) can be enhanced by approximately 18.8 dB. Our work provides a method for strategically modifying the intrinsic trade-off between transparency and strong photo-responses of this type of photodetectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10700279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138487298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO<sub>2</sub> for aqueous multivalent ion batteries.","authors":"Zikang Xu, Ruiqi Ren, Hang Ren, Jingyuan Zhang, Jinyao Yang, Jiawen Qiu, Yizhou Zhang, Guoyin Zhu, Liang Huang, Shengyang Dong","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00093-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00093-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>), as a cathode material for multivalent ion (such as Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup>) storage, is investigated due to its high initial capacity. However, during multivalent ion insertion/extraction, the crystal structure of MnO<sub>2</sub> partially collapses, leading to fast capacity decay in few charge/discharge cycles. Here, through pre-intercalating potassium-ion (K<sup>+</sup>) into δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>, we synthesize a potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO<sub>2</sub>, K<sub>0.21</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub>·0.31H<sub>2</sub>O (KMO), as a reliable cathode material for multivalent ion batteries. The as-prepared KMO exhibits a high reversible capacity of 185 mAh/g at 1 A/g, with considerable rate performance and improved cycling stability in 1 mol/L MgSO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte. In addition, we observe that aluminum-ion (Al<sup>3+</sup>) can also insert into a KMO cathode. This work provides a valid method for modification of manganese-based oxides for aqueous multivalent ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10692024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A scheme for realizing nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer topological systems.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Wang, Ruizhe Gu, Yandong Li, Huixin Qi, Xiaoyong Hu, Xingyuan Wang, Qihuang Gong","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00094-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00094-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonreciprocal interlayer coupling is difficult to practically implement in bilayer non-Hermitian topological photonic systems. In this work, we identify a similarity transformation between the Hamiltonians of systems with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling and on-site gain/loss. The similarity transformation is widely applicable, and we show its application in one- and two-dimensional bilayer topological systems as examples. The bilayer non-Hermitian system with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling, whose topological number can be defined using the gauge-smoothed Wilson loop, is topologically equivalent to the bilayer system with on-site gain/loss. We also show that the topological number of bilayer non-Hermitian C<sub>6v</sub>-typed domain-induced topological interface states can be defined in the same way as in the case of the bilayer non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Our results show the relations between two microscopic provenances of the non-Hermiticity and provide a universal and convenient scheme for constructing and studying nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer non-Hermitian topological systems. This scheme is useful for observation of non-Hermitian skin effect in three-dimensional systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Karlsson, Jiajun Qin, Kaifeng Niu, Xiyu Luo, Johanna Rosen, Jonas Björk, Lian Duan, Weidong Xu, Feng Gao
{"title":"Role of chloride on the instability of blue emitting mixed-halide perovskites.","authors":"Max Karlsson, Jiajun Qin, Kaifeng Niu, Xiyu Luo, Johanna Rosen, Jonas Björk, Lian Duan, Weidong Xu, Feng Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00088-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00088-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have seen unprecedented development in device efficiency over the past decade, they suffer significantly from poor operational stability. This is especially true for blue PeLEDs, whose operational lifetime remains orders of magnitude behind their green and red counterparts. Here, we systematically investigate this efficiency-stability discrepancy in a series of green- to blue-emitting PeLEDs based on mixed Br/Cl-perovskites. We find that chloride incorporation, while having only a limited impact on efficiency, detrimentally affects device stability even in small amounts. Device lifetime drops exponentially with increasing Cl-content, accompanied by an increased rate of change in electrical properties during operation. We ascribe this phenomenon to an increased mobility of halogen ions in the mixed-halide lattice due to an increased chemically and structurally disordered landscape with reduced migration barriers. Our results indicate that the stability enhancement for PeLEDs might require different strategies from those used for improving efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10656409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136397206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Localized in-situ deposition: a new dimension to control in fabricating surface micro/nano structures via ultrafast laser ablation.","authors":"Peixun Fan, Guochen Jiang, Xinyu Hu, Lizhong Wang, Hongjun Zhang, Minlin Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00092-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00092-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controllable fabrication of surface micro/nano structures is the key to realizing surface functionalization for various applications. As a versatile approach, ultrafast laser ablation has been widely studied for surface micro/nano structuring. Increasing research efforts in this field have been devoted to gaining more control over the fabrication processes to meet the increasing need for creation of complex structures. In this paper, we focus on the in-situ deposition process following the plasma formation under ultrafast laser ablation. From an overview perspective, we firstly summarize the different roles that plasma plumes, from pulsed laser ablation of solids, play in different laser processing approaches. Then, the distinctive in-situ deposition process within surface micro/nano structuring is highlighted. Our experimental work demonstrated that the in-situ deposition during ultrafast laser surface structuring can be controlled as a localized micro-additive process to pile up secondary ordered structures, through which a unique kind of hierarchical structure with fort-like bodies sitting on top of micro cone arrays were fabricated as a showcase. The revealed laser-matter interaction mechanism can be inspiring for the development of new ultrafast laser fabrication approaches, adding a new dimension and more flexibility in controlling the fabrication of functional surface micro/nano structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10656395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136397205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the growth mechanism of a self-assembled and ordered multi-dimensional heterojunction at atomic resolution.","authors":"Zunyu Liu, Chaoyu Zhao, Shuangfeng Jia, Weiwei Meng, Pei Li, Shuwen Yan, Yongfa Cheng, Jinshui Miao, Lei Zhang, Yihua Gao, Jianbo Wang, Luying Li","doi":"10.1007/s12200-023-00091-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12200-023-00091-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-dimensional heterojunction materials have attracted much attention due to their intriguing properties, such as high efficiency, wide band gap regulation, low dimensional limitation, versatility and scalability. To further improve the performance of materials, researchers have combined materials with various dimensions using a wide variety of techniques. However, research on growth mechanism of such composite materials is still lacking. In this paper, the growth mechanism of multi-dimensional heterojunction composite material is studied using quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) antimonene and quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) antimony sulfide as examples. These are synthesized by a simple thermal injection method. It is observed that the consequent nanorods are oriented along six-fold symmetric directions on the nanoplate, forming ordered quasi-1D/quasi-2D heterostructures. Comprehensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations confirm the chemical information and reveal orientational relationship between Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanorods and the Sb nanoplate as substrate. Further density functional theory calculations indicate that interfacial binding energy is the primary deciding factor for the self-assembly of ordered structures. These details may fill the gaps in the research on multi-dimensional composite materials with ordered structures, and promote their future versatile applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12685,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Optoelectronics","volume":"16 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136397135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}