Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Mating type and microsatellite genotyping indicate that the Tunisian population of Phyllosticta citricarpa is clonal and thrives only asexually","authors":"Renaud Ioos ,&nbsp;Sabrine Mannai ,&nbsp;Céline Jeandel ,&nbsp;Najwa Benfradj ,&nbsp;Antonio Vicent ,&nbsp;Naima Boughalleb-M'hamdi ,&nbsp;Jaime Aguayo","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by <em>Phyllosticta citricarpa</em> was reported for the first time in Tunisia in 2019. This was also the first reported occurrence of the disease in a Mediterranean climate. In Tunisia, CBS is mainly found in lemon (<em>Citrus limon</em>) orchards, and is seldom observed on sweet orange (<em>Citrus</em> × <em>sinensis</em>). This recent finding in North Africa raises questions about how the disease has been able to spread under Mediterranean climatic conditions. In this work, 216 <em>Phyllosticta</em> strains collected from lemon orchards in 2021, 2022 and 2023 throughout the country's main citrus-growing provinces were characterised by species morphological and molecular identification, mating type and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) microsatellite genotyping (MLG). <em>P. citricarpa</em> was the only species found to be associated with CBS in Tunisia. Although <em>P. citricarpa</em> is a heterothallic fungal species, potentially able to reproduce both sexually and asexually, a single mating type (MAT 1-1-1) idiomorph was found in the population. In addition, three MLGs were observed, across ten microsatellite loci, one of which was massively represented (93 %), indicating a clonal population. The clonality observed suggests a single recent introduction of the pathogen into the country. These findings support the idea that in Tunisia, <em>P. citricarpa</em> only reproduces asexually by pycniospores, with a relatively limited dispersal potential. This is consistent with the absence of pseudothecia on the leaf litter. These results show that CBS is able to thrive under Mediterranean conditions, even in the absence of sexual reproduction. This should be taken into consideration for CBS risk assessment and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular taxonomic characterization and infra-specific diversity of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana fungi from Argentina","authors":"Romina Manfrino ,&nbsp;Alejandra Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Haifa Ben Gharsa ,&nbsp;Christina Schuster ,&nbsp;Claudia López Lastra ,&nbsp;Andreas Leclerque","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been the aim of this study to molecular-taxonomically identify 15 <em>Beauveria</em> isolates collected from different geographical regions and insect hosts in Argentina and to investigate the levels of inter- and intra-specific diversity across this set of isolates. Based on phylogenetic analyses of EF1A-RPB1-RPB2 concatenated genes and BLOC markers, all <em>Beauveria</em> strains were identify as <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>. Within the <em>B. bassiana</em> clades of both phylogenies, isolates from Argentina were not clustered according to geographic origin or host. The 15 fungal isolates were further analyzed by PCR amplification of the intron insertion hot spot region of the nuclear 28S rRNA encoding sequence. By intron sequence and position, seven different group-I intron combinations termed variants A, B1, B2, C, D, E and F were found in the 15 isolates under study. Variants B1/B2 consisting of a single 28Si2 intron were found in ten isolates, whereas variant A occurred twice and variants C through F were unique across the set of isolates under study. The determination of the different introns and intron combinations in the 28S rRNA gene is a powerful tool for achieving infraspecific differentiation of <em>B. bassiana</em> isolates from Argentina.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pints of the past, flavours for the future","authors":"Keith Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"The recreation of historic beverages is possible via contemporary fermentations carried out with microbes revived form the past. Advanced molecular techniques have recently provided opportunities to investigate historic samples, such as those from beer found in shipwrecks, and provide data on their character as well as identifying differences with contemporary products. In some cases, isolates of yeasts and bacteria create the possibility for authentic recreations of fermented beverages that can have cultural and nostalgic interest. They may also provide insights into the relationship between humans and microbes. The authenticity of recreations, however, can be limited by difficulties in recipe interpretation, differences in water composition and ingredients, possible genetic changes of the retrieved microbes, and from advances in production processes and equipment. Such organisms may also be used to produce novel foods and for other new industrial (non-food) applications. Microorganisms in nature are known to survive geological time-periods. Nevertheless, the survival of some copiotrophic ‘fermentation’ microbes for a century or more suggests a robust stress biology. Moreover, it facilitates the exciting prospect of recreating fermented products once enjoyed by our predecessors.","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic species of Colletotrichum associated with cashew tree in northeastern Brazil","authors":"Diana Gissell Barreto Ramos ,&nbsp;Ana Gabriele Gurgel Amaral ,&nbsp;Ingrid Gomes Duarte ,&nbsp;Anthony Carlos da Silva ,&nbsp;Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira ,&nbsp;Lisa A. Castlebury ,&nbsp;Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anthracnose caused by <em>Colletotrichum</em> is the most severe and widely occurring cashew disease in Brazil. <em>Colletotrichum</em> species are commonly found as pathogens, endophytes and occasionally as saprophytes in a wide range of hosts. The endophytic species associated with cashew trees are poorly studied. In this study, we report the <em>Colletotrichum</em> endophytic species associated with cashew trees in two locations in the state of Pernambuco, their prevalence in different plant organs (leaves, veins, branches and inflorescences), and compare the species in terms of pathogenicity and aggressiveness using different inoculation methods (wounded × unwounded). Six species of <em>Colletotrichum</em> were identified according to multilocus phylogenetic analyses, including <em>Colletotrichum asianum, Colletotrichum chrysophilum, Colletotrichum karsti, Colletotrichum siamense, Colletotrichum theobromicola,</em> and <em>Colletotrichum tropicale</em>. There were differences in the percentage of isolation in relation to the prevalence of colonized tissues and collection locations. <em>C. tropicale</em> was the prevalent species in both geographic areas and plant tissues collected, with no pattern of distribution of species between areas and plant tissues. All isolates were pathogenic in injured tissues of cashew plants. The best method to test the pathogenicity of <em>Colletotrichum</em> species was utilizing the combination of leaves + presence of wounds + conidial suspension, as it better represents the natural infection process. <em>C. siamense</em> was the most aggressive species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysoporthe brasiliensis sp. nov. pathogenic to Melastomataceae in southeast Brazil","authors":"Gabrielle Avelar Silva ,&nbsp;Mara Elisa Soares Oliveira ,&nbsp;Géssica Mylena Santana Rêgo ,&nbsp;Brenda D. Wingfield ,&nbsp;Michael J. Wingfield ,&nbsp;Maria Alves Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Species in the Melastomataceae (Myrtales) include trees and woody shrubs that are amongst the most common hosts of <em>Chrysoporthe</em> and related fungi. These fungi cause stem cankers, branch death and in extreme cases, kill their hosts. <em>Chrysoporthe</em>-like fungi were observed on <em>Miconia</em> spp. and <em>Rhynchanthera grandiflora</em> (Melastomataceae) plants during tree disease surveys in south-eastern Brazil including the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. The aims of this study were to isolate and identify the fungi utilising morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. This led to the identification of a new species of <em>Chrysoporthe</em> described here as <em>Chrysoporthe brasilensis</em> sp<em>.nov</em>. Inoculations were conducted on <em>R. grandiflora</em> and <em>M. theaezans</em>, showing that <em>C. brasiliensis</em> is an aggressive pathogen. This study adds to a growing number of reports of new and pathogenic species of <em>Chrysoporthe</em> that potentially threaten native Myrtales globally, including important trees such as <em>Eucalyptus</em>, both in natural ecosystems and in planted forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of stable reference genes for qPCR expression of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the bean anthracnose pathogen","authors":"Zainab Rashid ,&nbsp;Aasiya Nabi ,&nbsp;Naziya Nabi ,&nbsp;Irtifa Lateef ,&nbsp;Qadrul Nisa ,&nbsp;Tabia Fayaz ,&nbsp;Gazala Gulzar ,&nbsp;Adfar Bashir ,&nbsp;M.D. Shah ,&nbsp;Sajad M. Zargar ,&nbsp;Imran Khan ,&nbsp;Afsah Iqbal Nahvi ,&nbsp;H. Itoo ,&nbsp;Rafiq A. Shah ,&nbsp;Bilal A. Padder","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Phaseolus vulgaris L.</em>, commonly known as the common bean, is a highly nutritious crop often called the \"poor man's meat”. However, it is susceptible to various diseases throughout the cropping season, with anthracnose caused by <em>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</em> being a significant threat that leads to substantial losses<em>.</em> There is still a lack of understanding about the molecular basis of <em>C. lindemuthianum</em> pathogenicity. The first step in understanding this is to identify pathogenicity genes that express more during infection of common beans. A reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method can be used for virulence gene expression. However, this approach requires selecting appropriate reference genes to normalize relative gene expression data. Currently, there is no reference gene available for <em>C. lindemuthianum</em>. In this study, we selected eight candidate reference genes from the available genome of <em>C. lindemuthianum</em> to bridge the gap. These genes were <em>ACT</em> (Actin), <em>β-tub</em> (β-tubulin), <em>EF</em> (Elongation Factor), <em>Cyt C</em> (Cytochrome C), <em>His H3</em> (Histone H3), <em>CHS1</em> (Chitin synthetase), <em>GAPDH</em> (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and <em>abfA</em> (Alpha-<span>l</span>-Arabinofuranosidase A). The primers for these candidate reference genes were able to amplify cDNA only from the pathogen, demonstrating their specificity. The qPCR efficiency of the primers ranged from 80% to 103%. We analyzed the stability of gene expression in <em>C. lindemuthianum</em> by exposing the mycelium to nine different stress conditions. We employed algorithms, such as GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder tools, to identify the most stable gene. The analysis using these tools revealed that <em>EF</em>, <em>GAPDH</em>, and <em>β-tub</em> most stable genes, while <em>ACT</em> and <em>CHS1</em> showed relatively low expression stability. A large number of potential effector genes have been identified through bioinformatics analysis in <em>C. lindemuthianum</em>. The stable genes for qPCR (<em>EF</em> and <em>GAPDH</em>) discovered in this study will aid the scientific community in determining the relative expression of <em>C. lindemuthianum</em> effector genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trehalose promotes biological fitness of fungi","authors":"Gabriela Delaqua Ribeiro, Luan de Holanda Paranhos, Elis Cristina Araujo Eleutherio","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The disaccharide trehalose plays a crucial role in multiple facets of the stress biology of yeasts and fungi. Here, we evaluate the properties, cellular and ecophysiological roles, metabolism, and stress-protection mechanisms of trehalose. We integrate disparate sources of knowledge across these topics, and bring new information about the mechanisms by which trehalose stabilises biomacromolecules and how trehalose metabolism is regulated thus giving rise to its diverse roles in fungi including stress protector, carbohydrate reserve, and regulatory/signaling molecule. We also present new findings about the effect of trehalose on microbial adaptation, complexity and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of microbial populations, and implications for industrial processes that apply fungi. Based on the elucidation of the structures of enzymes involved in trehalose synthesis, their catalytic mechanisms, and the regulation of trehalose synthesis, we discuss prospects for the development of more-efficient fungicides. Current humanitarian crises, such as overpopulation, global warming, malnutrition, immunocompromised conditions, and usage of immunosuppressant drugs, are making the incidence of human pathogens increases. Furthermore, fungal infections can be difficult to treat due to the conserved biochemistry between human and fungi cells. Serendipitously, however, trehalose is not synthesised by mammals, which makes trehalose synthesis an interesting target for the development of new therapies.","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aflatoxin B1 production: A time–water activity–temperature model","authors":"Sonia Marín, Laila Aldars-García, Francisco Molino, Antonio J. Ramos, Vicente Sanchis","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"occurs as a contaminant of various foods and animal feeds and can produce the mycotoxin aflatoxin B that is a danger to human and animal health. Here, we develop models to predict the behaviour of in maize extract agar and maize grains. Growth and aflatoxin B production were recorded on maize extract agar at 20–35 °C and water activities from 0.84 to 0.90. We then obtained probability models—using temperature, water activity, and time as explanatory variables—based on data of growth and aflatoxin B production. Additional data were generated under two dynamically changing temperature regimes. Initial water activity, and relative humidity during incubation, were recorded. Predicted probability of growth under dynamic conditions based on models built under static conditions depended on the temperature regime and substrate, concordance ranging from 66 to 100%, with lower concordances obtained for aflatoxin B production prediction. Interestingly, aflatoxin B production was higher on maize grains than on maize extract agar. Moreover, this work suggests that the safe water activity for a cereal may depend on the previous water activity and temperatures which may have allowed fungal growth and so trigger later toxin production under water stress.","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of fossil representative of Zygosporium mont. With stacked chained vesicular conidiophores from India","authors":"Sampa Kundu,&nbsp;Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present manuscript, we describe and illustrate a novel foliicolous fossil-species of <em>Zygosporium</em> Mont. (Zygosporiaceae: Xylariales: Sordariomycetes) on compressed monocot leaf recovered from the Middle Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene) of Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya. The new fossil-species characterized by macronematous, dark brown, unbranched or occasionally branched conidiophores with a chain of up to four integrated dark brown, curved, thick-walled, swollen, hook-like, alternately or sub-oppositely arranged vesicles is described here as <em>Zygosporium himachalensis</em> sp. nov. This is the first fossil evidence of <em>Zygosporium</em> having stacked chained vesicular conidiophores and is so significant data for both paleomycologists and mycologists. The <em>in-situ</em> occurrence of <em>Z. himachalensis</em> on monocot leaf cuticles suggests a possible host–saprophyte relationship that might have existed in the ancient forest of Himachal Pradesh during the Miocene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first evidence of saprophytic Tetraploa on Siwalik (Late Miocene) monocot leaf from western Himalaya and its role in palaeoecology reconstruction","authors":"Sampa Kundu ,&nbsp;Maria Virginia Bianchinotti ,&nbsp;Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Even though the records of <em>Tetraploa</em> spores from Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata along with spore-pollen assemblages are numerous and well documented, no foliicolus <em>Tetraploa</em> macroconidia have been reported to date. Here, we report the first occurrence of conidia assignable to modern <em>Tetraploa</em> Berk. &amp; Broome (Tetraplosphaeriaceae: Pleosporales: Dothideomycetes) on cuticular fragments of compressed monocot leaf recovered from the middle Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene; 12–8 Ma) of Himachal Himalaya, India. We determine their taxonomic position based on detailed macromorphological comparison with similar modern and fossil taxa and discuss their palaeoecological significance in terms of the present-day ecological conditions of modern analogues. This finding also represents an essential data source for understanding <em>Tetraploa</em>'s evolution and diversification in deep time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}