Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Bespoke strategies of Paxillus involutus to extract potassium from diverse phyllosilicates","authors":"F. Pinzari ,&nbsp;J. Cuadros ,&nbsp;A. Saiardi ,&nbsp;E. Humphreys-Williams ,&nbsp;A.D. Jungblut","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phyllosilicates provide a primary source of minerals used by microorganisms and plants, particularly clay minerals, i.e., phyllosilicates of very small particle size. Fungi can actively break down (or “weather”) minerals to extract nutrients, but whether they use identical mechanisms when accessing different clay minerals is unclear. In addition, it is yet to be understood whether starvation stresses due to the limited availability of a mineral-nutrient would result in different weathering behaviours of microbes.</div><div>Here, we performed a microcosm experiment to address these questions. We used the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete <em>Paxillus involutus</em> and the phyllosilicates K-vermiculite, muscovite and phlogopite. These silicates have different degrees of recalcitrance to the removal of K cations from the mineral, and each was provided in the microscosm experiment as the sole potassium (K) source. The type of potassium “extraction-assimilation” was tested against a potassium-availability gradient, with a situation of maximum starvation stress (no potassium availability) and one of maximum availability (potassium provided as a solute in the culture medium). Our study revealed that different phyllosilicate minerals stimulated different patterns of fungal gene expression, which indicated bespoke weathering mechanisms for different phyllosilicates. The potassium uptake capacity of the fungus was highest with K-vermiculite compared to phlogopite and muscovite. Interestingly, the assimilation of phosphorus by the fungus was reduced in K-depleted conditions.</div><div>Moreover, the potassium deprivation condition prompted the fungus to assimilate sodium instead. Also, in the presence of the minerals, the fungus showed significant differences in gene expression compared with the negative and positive control conditions, suggesting that the mineral environment modulates the starvation stress levels. The nutrients assimilated by the mycelium from both the minerals and the culture medium also varied according to the type of silicate added and the K starvation level to which the fungus was subjected. Based on what has been observed here, many geochemical processes could depend on fungi's genetic and functional plasticity, which would have considerable environmental consequences with a direct link between the evolution of fungi and that of the Earth's crust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2341-2354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses to and detoxification of esculin in white-rot fungi","authors":"Raphael Bchini ,&nbsp;Sylvain Darnet ,&nbsp;Arthur de Butler ,&nbsp;Annick Doan ,&nbsp;Lydie Oliveira-Correia ,&nbsp;David Navarro ,&nbsp;Eric Record ,&nbsp;Mélanie Morel-Rouhier","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant metabolites have a great potential for limiting the spread of harmful fungi. However, a better understanding of the mode-of-action of these molecules and the defense systems developed by fungi to resist them, is needed to assess the benefits/risks of using them as antifungal treatment. White-rot fungi are excellent models in this respect, as they have adapted to the hostile habitat that is wood. In fact, wood is a source of putative antifungal compounds that can be derived using extraction techniques. In this study, we demonstrated that esculin and esculetin, which are coumarins found in plants and wood, reduce the growth of the wood-rotting fungi <em>Fomitiporia mediterranea, Phanerochaete chrysosporium</em>, <em>Pycnoporus cinnabarinus</em> and <em>Trametes versicolor</em>. We have shown that extracellular strategies are developed by the fungi to deal with esculin, through the involvement of laccases, peroxidases and glycoside hydrolases, and intracellular strategies, mainly via upregulated protein translation. Comparative proteomic and metabolomic approaches revealed that, despite the fact that the species analysed are closely related (they all belong to the Agaricomycetes, and have the same trophic mode), their defense responses to esculin differ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2372-2380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cosmopolitan Serendipita forms mycothalli with sub-Antarctic leafy liverworts","authors":"K.K. Newsham ,&nbsp;G.W. Foot ,&nbsp;C.J. Sands ,&nbsp;W.P. Goodall-Copestake","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of mycothalli, symbioses between liverworts and fungi, is poorly documented in sub-Antarctica, and biogeographical patterns in <em>Serendipita</em>, the main fungal genus forming the symbiosis, remain understudied. Here, 83 specimens of 16 leafy liverwort species were sampled from sub-Antarctic South Georgia and were examined for mycothalli. Microscopy was used to enumerate fungal structures in liverwort tissues, and sequencing of fungal ribosomal DNA was used to determine the taxonomic and biogeographical affinities of the fungi. Stained hyphal coils, a defining feature of the symbiosis, were found to be frequent (&gt;40% of stem length colonised) in <em>Barbilophozia hatcheri</em>, <em>Cephaloziella varians</em> and <em>Lophoziopsis excisa</em>. A single species of <em>Serendipita</em>, based on a 3% cut-off for ITS2 region sequence divergence, was a frequent colonist of these liverworts. A further 18 basidiomycete and ascomycete taxa colonised other liverwort species. The presence of the <em>Serendipita</em> species was positively associated with the occurrence of stained hyphal coils in stem epidermal cells. Phylogenetic analyses, incorporating worldwide accessions from leafy liverwort-associated <em>Serendipita</em>, showed that the same species, which also occurs in Chile, mainland Europe and on Svalbard, is apparently the sole symbiont of sub- and maritime Antarctic leafy liverworts, and indicated much higher species richness of the genus outside Antarctica.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2355-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trehalose promotes biological fitness of fungi","authors":"Gabriela Delaqua Ribeiro,&nbsp;Luan de Holanda Paranhos,&nbsp;Elis Cristina Araujo Eleutherio","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>The disaccharide </span>trehalose<span><span><span><span> plays a crucial role in multiple facets of the stress biology of yeasts and fungi. Here, we evaluate the properties, cellular and ecophysiological roles, metabolism, and stress-protection mechanisms of trehalose<span>. We integrate disparate sources of knowledge across these topics, and bring new information about the mechanisms by which trehalose stabilises biomacromolecules and how trehalose metabolism is regulated thus giving rise to its diverse roles in fungi including stress protector, carbohydrate reserve, and regulatory/signaling molecule. We also present new findings about the effect of trehalose on microbial adaptation, complexity and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of microbial populations, and implications for industrial processes that apply fungi. Based on the elucidation of the structures of </span></span>enzymes involved in trehalose synthesis, their </span>catalytic mechanisms<span>, and the regulation of trehalose synthesis, we discuss prospects for the development of more-efficient fungicides. Current humanitarian crises, such as overpopulation, global warming, malnutrition, immunocompromised conditions, and usage of </span></span>immunosuppressant drugs<span><span><span>, are making the incidence of human pathogens increases. Furthermore, </span>fungal infections can be difficult to treat due to the conserved </span>biochemistry between human and fungi cells. Serendipitously, however, trehalose is not synthesised by mammals, which makes trehalose synthesis an interesting target for the development of new therapies.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2381-2389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of complex Metarhizium-insect-plant interactions","authors":"Raymond J. St. Leger","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Metarhizium</span></span><span><span><span> species interact with plants, insects, and microbes within a diffuse coevolutionary framework that benefits soil health, biodiversity, and plant growth. The insect host ranges of these fungi vary greatly. Specialization to a narrow host range usually occurs in the tropics with its stable insect populations, and is characterized by the rapid evolution of existing protein sequences, sexual recombination, and small genomes. Host-generalists are associated with temperate regions and ephemeral insect populations. Their mutualistic plant-colonizing lifestyle increases survival when insects are rare, while facultative entomopathogenicity feeds both the fungi and plants when insects are common. Generalists have lost meiosis and associated genome defense mechanisms, enabling </span>gene duplications<span><span> to diversify functions related to plant colonization and host exploitation. Horizontal gene transfer events via transposons have also contributed to host range changes, while parasexuality combines beneficial mutations within individual clones of generalists. There is also a lot of </span>genetic variation in insect populations and both pathogen virulence and </span></span>insect immunity are linked with variations in stress responses. Thus, susceptibility to generalists can vary due to non-specific resistance to multiple stressors, multipurpose physical and chemical barriers, and heterogeneity in physiological and behavioral factors, such as sleep.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2513-2528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pints of the past, flavours for the future","authors":"Keith Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recreation of historic beverages is possible via contemporary fermentations carried out with microbes revived form the past. Advanced molecular techniques have recently provided opportunities to investigate historic samples, such as those from beer found in shipwrecks, and provide data on their character as well as identifying differences with contemporary products. In some cases, isolates of yeasts and bacteria create the possibility for authentic recreations of fermented beverages that can have cultural and nostalgic interest. They may also provide insights into the relationship between humans and microbes. The authenticity of recreations, however, can be limited by difficulties in recipe interpretation, differences in water composition and ingredients, possible genetic changes of the retrieved microbes, and from advances in production processes and equipment. Such organisms may also be used to produce novel foods and for other new industrial (non-food) applications. Microorganisms in nature are known to survive geological time-periods. Nevertheless, the survival of some copiotrophic ‘fermentation’ microbes for a century or more suggests a robust stress biology. Moreover, it facilitates the exciting prospect of recreating fermented products once enjoyed by our predecessors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2503-2512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring fungi and mycotoxin potential in pistachio nuts of Turkish origin: A snap-shot for climate change scenario","authors":"Pamela Anelli ,&nbsp;Miriam Haidukowski ,&nbsp;Massimo Ferrara ,&nbsp;Asli Kisikkaya ,&nbsp;Ceyda Pembeci ,&nbsp;Hayrettin Ozer ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Mulè ,&nbsp;Martina Loi ,&nbsp;Antonio Moretti ,&nbsp;Antonia Susca","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pistachio (<em>Pistacia vera</em> L.) is an economically important tree nut. Due to its nutritional properties and health benefits, it is considered a healthy food and thus widely consumed worldwide. However, fungal contamination of the commodities has received considerable attention because of possible contamination by toxigenic fungi, important source of mycotoxins, resulting from secondary metabolism and hazards to health consumer. Members of the genus <em>Aspergillus</em>, mainly <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, are reported as occurring most frequently on pistachio nuts, because able to grow in the presence of low amounts of water and to produce mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxins), that are well known for their harmful health effects on humans.</div><div>Monitoring the contaminating fungal species is particularly worthy of note also in climate change scenario, allowing to notice changes in fungal population composition through the time.</div><div>This study aimed to contribute to collect data about fungal population and mycotoxins occurred in pistachio samples collected in Turkey: prevalence of 2 species, <em>A. flavus</em> and <em>Aspergillus tubingensis,</em> was assessed. The <em>A. flavus</em> strains consisted of a mixed population of aflatoxin producers and non-producing strains <em>in vitro,</em> with evidence of a new genotype in gene cluster within strains of aflatoxin non-producing chemotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2431-2438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Special issue in memory of Professor Naresh Magan","authors":"Angel Medina","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Page 2333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoprotein nanoparticles in agriculture","authors":"J.C. Tarafdar","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>A32 kDa protein from fungi can be used to produce nanoparticles<span><span> which might be use as nanofertilisers needed by plants. There are large numbers of fungi which can be used for the efficient synthesis of nanofertiliser particles. Generally, the formation of nanoparticles<span><span> by fungi involves metal capture, enzymatic reduction and capping on their surface. Metal ions are located either on the outer surface or inside fungal cells and then chemically reduced to </span>nanoparticles in the presence of </span></span>fungal enzymes<span><span>. The best way to apply fungus-synthesised nanoparticles/nanofertiliser is to foliage but they can also be applied to soil or through seed soaking. They may also apply through drip, sprinkler, </span>hydroponic<span><span>, aeroponic<span> and aquaponic. The major effects of </span></span>nanoparticles as nanofertilisers are on the elevation of antioxidant </span></span></span></span>enzyme activities<span> and photosynthetic pigments<span>. They help to improve in plant tolerance to stresses and defence against pest and diseases after retaining important physiological and biochemical functions. The net results are increased seed germination<span><span><span>, vigour index, chlorophyll level, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic rate, electrolytic levels, plant biomass and crop yields. Mycoprotein nanoparticles may alter plant metabolic pathways, regulating energy dissipation, and improved </span>membrane permeability<span> and stability, at the same time as increasing plant health and growth kinetic traits. They are also known to trigger to produce more microbial polysaccharide<span> from polysaccharide secreting fungi that help in soil aggregation, moisture retention, carbon build - up. However, they should be applied only in recommended doses to avoid </span></span></span>adverse effects on plant growth and toxicity</span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2493-2502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apple mycotoxins: From orchard to processed apple puree","authors":"Laura Carbonell-Rozas ,&nbsp;Veronica Albasi ,&nbsp;Marco Camardo Leggieri ,&nbsp;Chiara Dall’Asta ,&nbsp;Paola Battilani","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apples and apple-derived products can be contaminated with patulin and, to a lesser extent, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins. Fruits were collected from Golden Delicious and Imperatore trees in three orchards in Veneto, Northern Italy, and analysed for the presence of fungi and mycotoxins. Sampling and analyses were also carried out from storage bins to final puree tanks along the apple-puree production chain. <em>Alternaria</em> spp. and <em>Penicillium</em> spp. were commonly isolated from apples collected in the field, but their presence varied with cultivar and orchard location. In contrast, <em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Flavi</em> spp. and <em>Fusarium</em> spp. were only detected via direct isolation from chopped fruits. Patulin and <em>Alternaria</em> toxins were frequently identified in fresh fruits, while aflatoxins were also present in some fruits albeit at very low levels. Fungi were present in fruits entering the apple-puree production line, but not in apple puree after treatment at 95–105 °C. In contrast, the abovementioned mycotoxins were detected at all stages along the production line. Surprisingly, fumonisins were only detected after the apple puree was subjected to thermal treatment. Implications of these findings were discussed and few unresolved scientific questions were posed to stimulate further lines of study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"128 8","pages":"Pages 2422-2430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}