Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Parvodontia relampaga sp. nov.: A Cystostereaceae fungal pathogen that is the causal agent of relampago blight of woody plants in Florida, USA","authors":"Claudia A. Paez ,&nbsp;Jason A. Smith ,&nbsp;Karen K. Nakasone ,&nbsp;Sladana Bec ,&nbsp;Carrie L. Harmon ,&nbsp;Hector Urbina ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Eickwort ,&nbsp;Matthew E. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Starting in the fall of 2019, mortality, blight symptoms, and signs of white fungal mycelia were observed on external host tissues of non-native landscape trees as well as numerous native trees, understory shrubs, and vines throughout northern and central Florida, USA. We determined that the fungus is an undescribed species of Basidiomycota based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<em>tef1</em>) regions revealed that this novel plant pathogen is an undescribed taxon of the genus <em>Parvodontia</em> (Cystostereaceae, Agaricales). We propose the name <em>Parvodontia relampaga</em> sp. nov. which describes its unique morphological features and phylogenetic placement. We confirmed the pathogenicity of <em>P. relampaga</em> in greenhouse inoculations on host plants from which strains of this novel pathogen were isolated, including the non-native gymnosperm <em>Afrocarpus falcatus</em>, the non-native and commercially important <em>Ligustrum japonicum</em>, and the native tree <em>Quercus hemisphaerica</em>. <em>P. relampaga</em> was also detected on a total of 27 different species of woody host plants, including such economically and ecologically important hosts as <em>Fraxinus, Ilex, Magnolia, Persea, Prunus, Salix, Vitis</em>, and <em>Vaccinium</em>. For this new plant disease, we propose the name “relampago blight,” which refers to the lightning-like rhizomorph growth (relámpago means ‘lightning’ in Spanish). This study presents a newly discovered fungal taxon with a wide host range on both angiosperms and gymnosperms that may be an emerging pathogen of concern in Florida and the Gulf Coast region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal diversity associated with Goa's tarballs: Insights from ITS region amplicon sequencing","authors":"Belle Damodara Shenoy ,&nbsp;Rakhee D.S. Khandeparker ,&nbsp;Priscilla Fernandes ,&nbsp;Ujwala Amberkar","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the fungal diversity associated with tarballs, weathered crude oil deposits, on Goa's tourist beaches. Despite tarball pollution being a longstanding issue in Goa state in India, comprehensive studies on associated fungi are scarce. Our research based on amplicon sequence analysis of fungal ITS region fills this gap, revealing a dominance of <em>Aspergillus</em>, particularly <em>Aspergillus penicillioides</em>, associated with tarballs from Vagator and Morjim beaches. Other notable species, including <em>Aspergillus sydowii</em>, <em>Aspergillus carbonarius</em>, and <em>Trichoderma</em> species, were identified, all with potential public health and ecosystem implications. A FUNGuild analysis was conducted to investigate the potential ecological roles of these fungi, revealing a diverse range of roles, including nutrient cycling, disease propagation, and symbiotic relationships. The study underscores the need for further research and monitoring, given the potential health risks and contribution of tarball-associated fungi to the bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated beaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140034350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic responses of Fusarium mangiferae to ultra-violet radiation","authors":"Shira Milo ,&nbsp;Ritah Namawejje ,&nbsp;Roi Krispin ,&nbsp;Shay Covo","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The repair capacity of ultra-violet (UV) light DNA damage is important for adaptation of fungi to different ecological niches. We previously showed that in the soil-borne pathogen <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> photo-reactivation dependent UV repair is induced at the germling stage and reduced at the filament stage. Here, we tested the developmental control of the transcription of photolyase, UV survival, UV repair capacity, and UV induced mutagenesis in the foliar pathogen <em>Fusarium mangiferae</em>. Unlike <em>F. oxysporum</em>, neither did we observe developmental control over photo-reactivation dependent repair nor the changes in gene expression of photolyase throughout the experiment. Similarly, photo-reactivation assisted reduction in UV induced mutagenesis was similar throughout the development of <em>F. mangiferae</em> but fluctuated during the development of <em>F. oxysporum</em>. To generate hypotheses regarding the recovery of <em>F. mangiferae</em> after UV exposure, an RNAseq analysis was performed after irradiation at different timepoints. The most striking effect of UV on <em>F. mangiferae</em> was developmental-dependent induction of translation related genes. We further report a complex response that changes during recovery time and involves translation, cell cycle and lipid biology related genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140034942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat is more important than climate for structuring soil fungal communities associated in truffle sites","authors":"Yasmin Piñuela ,&nbsp;Josu G. Alday ,&nbsp;Daniel Oliach ,&nbsp;Carles Castaño ,&nbsp;Ulf Büntgen ,&nbsp;Simon Egli ,&nbsp;Fernando Martínez Peña ,&nbsp;Svetlana Dashevskaya ,&nbsp;Carlos Colinas ,&nbsp;Martina Peter ,&nbsp;José Antonio Bonet","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ectomycorrhizal fungi <em>Tuber melanosporum</em> Vittad. and <em>Tuber aestivum</em> Vittad. produce highly valuable truffles, but little is known about the soil fungal communities associated with these truffle species in places where they co-occur. Here, we compared soil fungal communities present in wild and planted truffle sites, in which <em>T. melanosporum</em> and <em>T. aestivum</em> coexist, in Mediterranean and temperate regions over three sampling seasons spanning from 2018 to 2019. We showed that soil fungal community composition and ectomycorrhizal species composition are driven by habitat type rather than climate regions. Also, we observed the influence of soil pH, organic matter content and C:N ratio structuring total and ectomycorrhizal fungal assemblages. Soil fungal communities in wild sites revealed more compositional variability than those of plantations. Greater soil fungal diversity was found in temperate compared to Mediterranean sites when considering all fungal guilds. Ectomycorrhizal diversity was significantly higher in wild sites compared to plantations. Greater mould abundance at wild sites than those on plantation was observed while tree species and seasonal effects were not significant predictors in fungal community structure. Our results suggested a strong influence of both ecosystem age and management on the fungal taxa composition in truffle habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139987805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of acoustic waves on spoilage fungal growth and shelf life of strawberry fruit","authors":"Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh ,&nbsp;Dina Shahrampour ,&nbsp;Razieh Niazmand","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of acoustic waves on growth inhibition of food spoilage fungi (<em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Aspergillus parasiticus</em> and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>) on the medium and strawberry surfaces were investigated. Firstly, single-frequency sound waves (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 12,000 and 16,000 Hz) were induced on inoculated medium with fungi spores for 24 h and growth diameter of each mold was evaluated during the incubation period. In the second stage, the sound waves with two frequencies of 250 Hz and 16,000 Hz were induced on inoculated strawberries with fungi spores at 5 °C for different times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days). The results from the first stage indicated that the sound waves inhibited the growth of <em>A. niger</em> (20.02%) at 250 Hz and <em>B. cinerea</em> (4/64%) at 4000 Hz on potato dextrose agar (PDA) surface. Also, comparison of the growth diameter of some species of <em>Aspergillus</em> revealed various responses in presence of 250 Hz frequency. In the second stage, applying a frequency of 250 Hz over a period of 10 days proved to be more effective in inhibiting the growth of <em>A. niger</em> and <em>B. cinerea</em> on strawberries inoculated with fungal spores. Consequently, the shelf lives of the strawberries significantly increased to 26 days and 18 days, respectively, under this treatment. Based on the findings, it is concluded that sounding with acoustic waves can be used as a green and cheap technology along with other technologies to improve food safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139920739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin: An innovative approach for postharvest control of Alternaria alternata induced black rot in cherry tomatoes","authors":"Chenchen Qi ,&nbsp;Haijing Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Weizhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Curcumin, a natural bioactive compound derived from <em>Curcuma longa</em>, has been widely recognized for its antifungal properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of curcumin on the phytopathogenic fungus <em>Alternaria alternata</em> and its pathogenicity in cherry tomato fruit. The results demonstrated that curcumin treatment significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of <em>A. alternata</em> in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy revealed alterations in the morphology of <em>A. alternata</em> mycelia treated with curcumin. Furthermore, curcumin treatment led to an increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, indicating cell membrane damage in <em>A. alternata</em>. Moreover, curcumin exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on the incidence and lesion diameters of black rot caused by <em>A. alternata</em> in cherry tomato fruit. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of defense-related genes (<em>POD</em>, <em>SOD</em>, and <em>CAT</em>) in tomato fruit treated with curcumin. Additionally, curcumin treatment resulted in decreased activity of exocellular pathogenic enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, and endo-1,4-β-<span>d</span>-glucanase) in <em>A. alternata</em>. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of curcumin as an effective antifungal agent against <em>A. alternata</em>, providing insights into its inhibitory mechanisms on mycelial growth, spore germination, and pathogenicity in cherry tomato fruit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139881998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical characterisation of casings in relation to mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cropping performance","authors":"Ralph Noble,&nbsp;Andreja Dobrovin-Pennington","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peat-based casings have been used for button mushroom (<em>Agaricus bisporus</em>) cultivation for decades but there is environmental pressure to find sustainable alternatives. This work aimed to characterise the physicochemical properties of peat and peat-substituted casings and to determine their influence on mushroom cropping to enable alternatives to be identified. British milled peat and German wet-dug peat casings produced smaller mushrooms than Irish wet-dug peat casing although yield was unaffected. Substitution of milled or wet-dug peat casings with 25% v/v bark, green waste compost or spent mushroom casing, except Irish wet-dug peat casing with spent peat mushroom casing, caused reductions in mushroom yield and/or size. These poorer results of casings compared with Irish wet-dug peat casing corresponded with lower water retention volumes at matric potential (Ψ_<em>m</em>) −15 kPa but not after drainage from saturation or at −1 kPa. Air-filled porosity (17–22% v/v), compacted bulk density after drainage (670–800 g L⁻¹) and electrical conductivity (0.30–0.54 mS cm⁻¹) of casings were unrelated to their mushroom cropping performance. <em>In-situ</em> casing measurements with electronic tensiometers confirmed laboratory casing physical analysis: at the same casing Ψ_<em>m</em>, Irish wet-dug peat casing had a higher water content than German wet-dug peat casing and produced larger mushrooms for the same yield. Solid-state foam-based tensiometers were more robust than water-filled tensiometers but they did not detect the full decrease in casing Ψ_<em>m</em> during a flush of mushrooms. The results indicate that if sustainable materials are to replace wet-dug peat casing with the same mushroom yield and size quality performance, they should have equivalent water retention volumes at Ψ_<em>m</em> −15 kPa. Measurement of casing Ψ_<em>m</em> with electronic tensiometers to control mushroom crop irrigation should assist in this transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139875911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ferulic acid combined with light irradiation on deoxynivalenol and its production in Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Akihiro Shirai ,&nbsp;Ami Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of ferulic acid (FA), a natural phenolic phytochemical, in combination with light irradiation at three wavelengths (365, 385 and 405 nm) on the concentration and toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>. Moreover, this study examined the influence of the combination treatment on DON production in the cultured fungus. FA activated by light at a peak wavelength of 365 nm exhibited the most effective decrease in DON concentration of the tested wavelengths; a residual DON ratio of 0.23 at 24 h exposure was observed, compared with the initial concentration. The reduction in DON using 365-nm light was dependent on the concentration of FA, with a good correlation (r² = 0.979) between the rate constants of DON decrease and FA concentration, which was confirmed by a pseudo-first-order kinetics analysis of the photoreaction with different FA concentrations (50–400 mg/L) for 3 h. The viability of HepG2 cells increased by 56.7% following <em>in vitro</em> treatment with a mixture containing the photoproducts obtained after treatment with 20 mg/L DON and 200 mg/L FA under 365-nm irradiation for 6 h. These results suggested that the photoreaction of FA under 365-nm irradiation induces the detoxification of DON through degradation or modification of DON. The antifungal effects of the combination (FA and 365-nm light) on <em>F. graminearum</em> were investigated. Conidia treated with the combination did not show additive or synergistic inhibition of fungal biomass and DON production in 7-day cultivated fungal samples compared with samples after single treatment. However, successive treatment, composed of 90 min irradiation at 365 nm and then treatment with 200 mg/L FA for 90 min in the dark, suppressed fungal growth and DON yield to 70% and 25% of the untreated sample level, respectively. This photo-technology involving the two treatment methods of 365-nm irradiation and FA addition as a food-grade phenolic acid in combination or successively, can aid in developing alternative approaches to eliminate fungal contaminants in the fields of environmental water and agriculture. However, further research is required to explore the underlying mechanisms of DON decontamination and its biosynthesis in <em>F. graminearum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139748275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspergillus westerdijkiae: Growth and ochratoxin A on salami-based media","authors":"Andrieli Stefanello, Alessandra Marcon Gasperini, Juliana Copetti Fracari, Carlos Augusto Mallmann, Marina Venturini Copetti","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em>Aspergillus westerdijkiae</em> can grow as ‘golden mould’ on the surface of dry-cured meat products, causing deterioration, and can produce the mycotoxin known as ochratoxin A that is a risk to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and ochratoxin production by <em>A. westerdijkiae</em> at different temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C), in salami-based culture media supplemented with glycerol and NaCl to adjust the water activity (0.85, 0.90, 0.93, 0.97 and 0.99). The growth of the two strains of <em>A. westerdijkiae</em> (S1 and S2) was evaluated for 28 days and, after this period, ochratoxin A was extracted from the culture media and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. For both strains, the optimal growth (&gt;10 mm day⁻¹) occurred at 0.97 and 0.99 water activity at 20–25 °C. The lowest water activity (0.85) and temperature (15 °C) resulted in the slowest growth rates (&lt;2.0 mm day⁻¹). However, ochratoxin A production by strain S1 was highest (21 μg g⁻¹) at 20 °C on glycerol-supplemented media at 0.97 water activity; the strain S2 produced its higher level of ochratoxin A (7.0 μg g⁻¹) at water activity 0.99 and 20 °C on NaCl-supplemented media. Whereas some microorganisms produce toxic secondary metabolites under stress/boundary conditions, we noted that mycotoxin production by <em>A. westerdijkiae</em> occurred at optimal growth conditions (high water activities). These conditions also show a more intense interspecies competition of microbial communities. Insights into the ecophysiology of fungi can be used to make knowledge-based decisions to reduce contamination of dry-cured meat products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139670027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin: An innovative approach for postharvest control of Alternaria alternata induced black rot in cherry tomatoes","authors":"Chenchen Qi, Haijing Zhang, Wei Chen, Weizhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139821969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}