Global Challenges最新文献_第5页

Don't Forget the Past! Understanding and Communicating Earth's History is Important for a Sustainable Future 不要忘记过去！了解和交流地球的历史对可持续发展的未来很重要

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70126

Georg Feulner

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Dual Saturation in Soil Carbon Sequestration: Biophysical Limits and the Operational Capacity of Farmers 土壤碳固存的双重饱和：生物物理极限和农民的操作能力。

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70118

Moritz von Cossel

{"title":"Dual Saturation in Soil Carbon Sequestration: Biophysical Limits and the Operational Capacity of Farmers","authors":"Moritz von Cossel","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70118","url":null,"abstract":"Global soils can store approximately 1500 Pg C in the upper meter and about 2344 Pg C within the upper 3 m, making soil organic carbon (SOC) the largest actively managed terrestrial carbon reservoir. Beyond its climate mitigation role, SOC underpins essential ecosystem services—including soil fertility, water regulation, and ecosystem stability—that support resilient agricultural landscapes and the long-term reliability of food production systems. However, discussions of soil carbon sequestration often focus on biophysical potential while overlooking the human and institutional systems that determine whether this potential can be realized. This Perspective therefore introduces the concept of “dual saturation”, arguing that the global potential for soil carbon sequestration is constrained not only by biophysical limits of soil carbon stabilization but also by the operational capacity of farmers to implement complex ecological management practices. Biophysical saturation represents the desired restoration endpoint; operational saturation represents a systemic failure condition. The two are mutually exclusive in practice—and together constitute a self-defeating state, since operational saturation prevents soils from ever approaching their biophysical ceiling. Drawing on evidence from agri-environmental policy research and carbon-farming initiatives, the article argues that administrative complexity, regulatory instability, and documentation requirements can reduce participation in soil carbon-enhancing programs despite available incentives. Supporting farmers’ operational capacity through stable and low-friction policy environments thus emerges as an essential enabling condition for large-scale soil carbon restoration and for safeguarding the planetary health functions of agricultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Low-Dose H2O2 Priming Improves Performance Under Simulated Marine Heatwave Conditions in a Coastal Bivalve 低剂量H2O2注入提高沿海双壳类动物在模拟海洋热浪条件下的性能。

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70123

Chiara Mascitelli, Giovanna Monticelli, Alessandro Nardi, Giulia Dalla Rovere, Graziano Rilievo, Ilaria Bernardini, Nicole Macrì, Deborah Cesaroni, Valentina Tavolazzi, Gabriele Andreatta, Tomaso Patarnello, Luca Bargelloni, Luca Peruzza, Maura Benedetti, Massimo Milan

{"title":"Low-Dose H2O2 Priming Improves Performance Under Simulated Marine Heatwave Conditions in a Coastal Bivalve","authors":"Chiara Mascitelli, Giovanna Monticelli, Alessandro Nardi, Giulia Dalla Rovere, Graziano Rilievo, Ilaria Bernardini, Nicole Macrì, Deborah Cesaroni, Valentina Tavolazzi, Gabriele Andreatta, Tomaso Patarnello, Luca Bargelloni, Luca Peruzza, Maura Benedetti, Massimo Milan","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70123","url":null,"abstract":"Marine heatwaves are intensifying under climate change, imposing thermal extremes on marine ecosystems. Priming, a process in which prior sublethal exposure shapes responses, is increasingly recognized as a key mechanism underlying tolerance to environmental variability. While widely studied in plants, chemical priming remains unexplored in animals. Here, we tested whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), acting as a redox signal, can induce a primed physiological state modulating response to simulated marine heatwaves in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), an ecologically and economically important bivalve species. Clams were exposed to chemical, thermal, or combined priming treatments and subsequently challenged with a controlled heatwave. H2O2 priming emerged as an effective and well-tolerated treatment, with primed clams exhibiting faster burrowing during heatwave exposure and minimal transcriptomic perturbation. Microbiota analyses revealed transient shifts and reduced relative abundance of opportunistic taxa (including Vibrio and Tenacibaculum) during and after heatwave exposure. A long-term field trial under natural summer conditions did not reveal detectable adverse effects on the measured traits over several months following priming. Overall, these findings identify low-dose H2O2 priming as a potential mechanism shaping stress responses in marine bivalves under simulated heatwave conditions.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Identifying Mitigation Pathways for Low-Carbon Strawberry Production under Mediterranean Conditions: A Life Cycle Assessment 确定地中海条件下低碳草莓生产的缓解途径：生命周期评估。

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70120

Ege Balkiş, Olcay Gülçiçek Uysal

{"title":"Identifying Mitigation Pathways for Low-Carbon Strawberry Production under Mediterranean Conditions: A Life Cycle Assessment","authors":"Ege Balkiş, Olcay Gülçiçek Uysal","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70120","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural production is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for region-specific assessments of climate impacts across food systems. This study evaluates the carbon footprint of open-field strawberry production in the Silifke district (Mersin, Türkiye) using a process-based Life Cycle Assessment approach with a cradle-to-farm-gate system boundary and a functional unit of 1 kg of strawberries. Life cycle modeling was performed in SimaPro using background data from Ecoinvent 3.10, and impacts were quantified using the IPCC 2021 Global Warming Potential method. The results indicate a total carbon footprint of 0.25052 kg CO2-eq kg−1, placing the system within the lower range reported for Mediterranean strawberry production. The cultivation stage was the dominant contributor (77.56%), followed by raw material supply (22.44%). Fertilizer use, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers, was identified as the primary emission hotspot. Scenario analysis showed that a 20% reduction in fertilizer application decreases the carbon footprint by 9.83%, while solar-powered irrigation results in only a minor reduction (0.56%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed fertilizer inputs as the dominant emission driver (S ≈ 0.49), while electricity consumption has negligible influence. Yield sensitivity further showed that reduced productivity significantly increases carbon footprint, highlighting fertilizer optimization and yield stability as key mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13246470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Embodied Intelligence for Soil Health toward Sustainable Smart Agriculture: Sensing the Soil with Flexible Geotextiles Sensors 面向可持续智能农业的土壤健康体现智能：用柔性土工织物传感器感知土壤。

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70117

Ayse Feyza Yilmaz, Meltem Tekcin, Burak Kilic, Erdem Bahadir, Fatima Iqbal, Ahad Khabbaz Bavil, Batuhan Atasoy, Senem Kursun

{"title":"Embodied Intelligence for Soil Health toward Sustainable Smart Agriculture: Sensing the Soil with Flexible Geotextiles Sensors","authors":"Ayse Feyza Yilmaz, Meltem Tekcin, Burak Kilic, Erdem Bahadir, Fatima Iqbal, Ahad Khabbaz Bavil, Batuhan Atasoy, Senem Kursun","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70117","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of agriculture and Internet of Things (IoT) technology has transformed traditional farming into data-driven, automated, and highly interactive systems. Central to this evolution are sensor platforms that monitor soil conditions and environmental parameters such as moisture, temperature, pH, nutrients, and pollutants. Recent progress in flexible electronics and smart functional materials has created new opportunities for developing adaptable sensor systems suited to dynamic agricultural applications. Despite these advancements, the use of geotextiles as soil-sensing platforms remains largely unexplored. This review traces the shift from conventional rigid soil sensors to flexible and potentially geotextile-based systems, assessing their roles in IoT-enabled agricultural applications. While soil sensors are generally discussed under separate headings, the review integrates them under the common themes, including material selection, fabrication methods, testing methodologies, energy management strategies, and IoT connectivity. By identifying common materials, design principles, and manufacturing techniques across various soil sensors, the review proposes a synthesis framework that supports multi-sensor integration. Extending this integrative approach to geotextile-based structures envisions the realization of flexible, large-area, and adaptive soil sensing platforms that could enable next-generation of sustainable and smart precision agriculture.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13246488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Techno-Economic Assessment of a Hydrogen-Assisted Hybrid Renewable Microgrid with Fuel Cells for Off-Grid Electrification 离网电气化氢辅助燃料电池混合可再生微电网技术经济评价。

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70122

Taib Hasan, Prapti Das, Md. Feroz Ali, Md Shafiul Alam, Mohammad Ali, Imil Hamda Imran

{"title":"Techno-Economic Assessment of a Hydrogen-Assisted Hybrid Renewable Microgrid with Fuel Cells for Off-Grid Electrification","authors":"Taib Hasan, Prapti Das, Md. Feroz Ali, Md Shafiul Alam, Mohammad Ali, Imil Hamda Imran","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70122","url":null,"abstract":"Rural electrification in coastal Bangladesh faces challenges from geographic isolation, weak grid access, and growing energy demand. This study designs and evaluates an off-grid hybrid renewable microgrid for Char Ishwar, Noakhali, using HOMER Pro (version 3.14.2). The proposed system integrates solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), battery energy storage system (BESS), electrolyzer, hydrogen (H2) storage tank, and fuel cell (FC) to enhance reliability and mitigate renewable intermittency. Three configurations were analyzed: Case A (PV–WT–BESS–Converter–Electrolyzer–FC–H2 Tank), Case B (WT-based), and Case C (PV-based), supplying electricity to 180 rural households. Case A emerged as the optimal solution, achieving a cost of energy (COE) of $0.139/kWh, a net present cost (NPC) of $1.28 million, and a capital cost of $594,206. The system achieved near-zero net CO2 emissions of –3.79 kg/year, a value arising from HOMER Pro's baseline emission offset accounting, wherein avoided emissions from near-100% renewable generation are credited against the assumed grid emission factor, rather than implying physical carbon sequestration, highlighting the substantial environmental benefits of green hydrogen integration. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis shows wind speed and load demand strongly influence system economics, validating configuration robustness and enabling sustainable, reliable, cost-effective electrification for coastal Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13246467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Advanced Strategies of Salt Blocking in the Hypersaline Water 高咸水中盐堵的先进策略

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70124

Aster Aberra Tessema, Tsegaye Deyou, Hirko Taye Debele, Fetene Fufa Bakare

{"title":"Advanced Strategies of Salt Blocking in the Hypersaline Water","authors":"Aster Aberra Tessema, Tsegaye Deyou, Hirko Taye Debele, Fetene Fufa Bakare","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70124","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, due to high consumption of freshwater and severe drought on the earth, human beings have experienced an unprecedented freshwater crisis. Solar-driven desalination assisted by photothermal conversion materials is a new technology that mitigates the shortage of clean water in a green way. In this review, six advanced strategies have been discussed, which are the hydrophobic effect, unidirectional brine transport, zwitterionic effect, edge crystallization, siphon capillary effect, and dissolution-based salt migration to avoid salt scaling in hypersaline water systems. We greatly expanded the mechanistic understanding of these approaches by studying major phenomena such as wettability, capillary flow, concentration-gradient-driven back-diffusion, Marangoni flow, Donnan exclusion, and hydration-layer effects. Finally, we proposed future research directions from a scientific perspective to direct the field and encourage practical implementation. In particular, we propose to develop multiscale porous structures combining edge crystallization with unidirectional transport for balanced water supply, evaporation, and salt removal. These systems could extract valuable mineral resources and freshwater from seawater simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13246487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Odor Modification in Rigid Polyethylene Waste: Impact of Different Washing on Sensory Analysis and Characterization 硬质聚乙烯废弃物的气味改性：不同洗涤方式对感官分析和表征的影响

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70114

Tiago G. A. Belé, Martijn Roosen, Helene M. Loos, Steven De Meester, Andrea Buettner

{"title":"Odor Modification in Rigid Polyethylene Waste: Impact of Different Washing on Sensory Analysis and Characterization","authors":"Tiago G. A. Belé, Martijn Roosen, Helene M. Loos, Steven De Meester, Andrea Buettner","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70114","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent odor in recycled polyethylene (PE) limits its use in high-demand applications, necessitating effective deodorization. We investigated how washing affects the odor profile and intensity of post-consumer rigid PE, using sensory analysis, comparative odor extract dilution analysis (cOEDA), and two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (2D-GC-MS/O). Three methods were evaluated, varying in temperature and surfactant use: room temperature water (RT, 25°C), hot water (HW, 80°C), and detergent with caustic soda (DW). Sensory analysis showed that no treatment significantly reduced overall odor intensity or hedonic ratings, although washing modified the qualitative odor profile. Median values indicated a modest downward trend for DW (17% reduction), though not statistically significant. cOEDA and 2D-GC-MS/O results aligned with these qualitative shifts, including reduced moldy and increased soapy and flowery notes. Of 32 odor-active compounds detected in post-consumer rigid PE, 28 were identified. Rose oxide, dihydromyrcenol, hexyl salicylate, and α-hexylcinnamaldehyde are reported for the first time in post-consumer PE. This study deepens understanding of post-consumer PE odor and highlights challenges in developing advanced deodorization techniques for the circular economy.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148097291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-05-26

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From Waste to Resource: Reframing End-of-Life Materials for a Circular Future: Within MSE Symposium Sustainable Reprocessing of End-of-Life Materials and Side Streams. 从废物到资源：为循环未来重新构建报废材料：在MSE研讨会上，报废材料和侧流的可持续再处理。

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-05-26 eCollection Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70116

Matic Jovičević-Klug, Denys Villa Gomez, Carlo Alberto Brondin, Patricia Jovičević-Klug

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