Global Challenges最新文献_第5页

Repurposing Sewage and Toilet Systems: Environmental, Public Health, and Person-Centered Healthcare Applications 污水和厕所系统的再利用：环境、公共卫生和以人为本的医疗保健应用

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300358

Defne Yigci, Joseph Bonventre, Aydogan Ozcan, Savas Tasoglu

引用次数: 0

Harnessing the Power of Light: The Synergistic Effects of Crystalline Carbon Nitride and Ti3C2Tx MXene in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 利用光的力量：氮化碳晶体和 Ti3C2Tx MXene 在光催化制氢中的协同效应

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300235

Khai Jie Wong, Joel Jie Foo, Tan Ji Siang, Valerine Khoo, Wee-Jun Ong

{"title":"Harnessing the Power of Light: The Synergistic Effects of Crystalline Carbon Nitride and Ti3C2Tx MXene in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production","authors":"Khai Jie Wong, Joel Jie Foo, Tan Ji Siang, Valerine Khoo, Wee-Jun Ong","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300235","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is an environmentally friendly means of energy generation. Although g-C3N4 possesses fascinating features, its inherent shortcomings limit its photocatalytic applications. Therefore, modifying the intrinsic properties of g-C3N4 and introducing cocatalysts are essential to ameliorate the photocatalytic efficiency. To achieve this, metal-like Ti3C2Tx is integrated with crystalline g-C3N4 via a combined salt-assisted and freeze-drying approach to form crystalline g-C3N4/Ti3C2Tx (CCN/TCT) hybrids with different Ti3C2Tx loading amounts (0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 wt.%). Benefiting from the crystallization of CN, as evidenced by the XRD graph, and the marvelous conductivity of Ti3C2Tx supported by EIS plots, CCN/TCT/Pt loaded with 0.5 wt.% Ti3C2Tx displays an elevated H2 (2) should be subscripted evolution rate of 2651.93 µmol g−1 h−1 and a high apparent quantum efficiency of 7.26% (420 nm), outperforming CN/Pt, CCN/Pt, and other CCN/TCT/Pt hybrids. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the highly crystalline structure of CCN that enables fleet charge transport and the efficient dual cocatalysts, Ti3C2Tx and Pt, that foster charge separation and provide plentiful active sites. This work demonstrates the potential of CCN/TCT as a promising material for hydrogen production, suggesting a significant advancement in the design of CCN heterostructures for effective photocatalytic systems.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Comment on “Sexism in Academia is Bad for Science and a Waste of Public Funding” 关于 "学术界的性别歧视不利于科学，浪费公共资金 "的评论

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400072

Leonie Barner

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How to Improve Sustainability in Fused Filament Fabrication (3D Printing) Research? 如何提高熔融丝制造（3D 打印）研究的可持续性？

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300408

Cristiane Kalinke, Robert D. Crapnell, Paulo R. de Oliveira, Bruno C. Janegitz, Juliano A. Bonacin, Craig E. Banks

{"title":"How to Improve Sustainability in Fused Filament Fabrication (3D Printing) Research?","authors":"Cristiane Kalinke, Robert D. Crapnell, Paulo R. de Oliveira, Bruno C. Janegitz, Juliano A. Bonacin, Craig E. Banks","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300408","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300408","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to provide an overview of sustainable approaches that can be incorporated into well-known procedures for the development of materials, pre- and post-treatments, modifications, and applications of 3D-printed objects, especially for fused filament fabrication (FFF). Different examples of conductive and non-conductive bespoke filaments using renewable biopolymers, bioplasticizers, and recycled materials are presented and discussed. The main final characteristics of the polymeric materials achieved according to the feedstock, preparation, extrusion, and treatments are also covered. In addition to recycling and remanufacturing, this review also explores other alternative approaches that can be adopted to enhance the sustainability of methods, aiming to produce efficient and environmentally friendly 3D printed products. Adjusting printing parameters and miniaturizing systems are also highlighted in this regard. All these recommended strategies are employed to minimize environmental damage, while also enabling the production of high-quality, economical materials and 3D printed systems. These efforts align with the principles of Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), and Circular Economy concepts.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Parameter Extraction of Single, Double, and Triple-Diode Photovoltaic Models Using the Weighted Leader Search Algorithm 使用加权领跑者搜索算法提取单、双和三二极管光伏模型的参数

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300355

İpek Çetinbaş

{"title":"Parameter Extraction of Single, Double, and Triple-Diode Photovoltaic Models Using the Weighted Leader Search Algorithm","authors":"İpek Çetinbaş","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300355","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300355","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the parameter extraction of single, double, and triple-diode photovoltaic (PV) models using the weighted leader search algorithm (WLS). The primary objective is to develop models that accurately reflect the characteristics of PV devices so that technical and economic benefits are maximized under all constraints. For this purpose, 24 models, 6 for two different PV cells, and 18 for six PV modules, whose experimental data are publicly available, are developed successfully. The second objective of this research is the selection of the most suitable algorithm for this problem. It is a significant challenge since the evaluation process requires using advanced statistical tools and techniques to determine the reliable selection. Therefore, seven brand-new algorithms, including WLS, the spider wasp optimizer, the shrimp and goby association search, the reversible elementary cellular automata, the fennec fox optimization, the Kepler optimization, and the rime optimization algorithms, are tested. The WLS has yielded the smallest minimum, average, RMSE, and standard deviation among those. Its superiority is also verified by Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank test based on 144 pairwise comparisons. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the WLS is a superior algorithm in PV parameter extraction for developing accurate models.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photoelectrocatalysis for Hydrogen Evolution Ventures into the World of Organic Synthesis 光电催化氢气进化进入有机合成世界

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400012

Giuseppe Sportelli, Miriam Marchi, Paolo Fornasiero, Giacomo Filippini, Federico Franco, Michele Melchionna

{"title":"Photoelectrocatalysis for Hydrogen Evolution Ventures into the World of Organic Synthesis","authors":"Giuseppe Sportelli, Miriam Marchi, Paolo Fornasiero, Giacomo Filippini, Federico Franco, Michele Melchionna","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400012","url":null,"abstract":"The use of light as a catalytic prompt for the synthesis of industrial relevant compounds is widely explored in the past years, with a special consideration over the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, semiconductors for heterogeneous photocatalysis suffer from fast charge recombination and, consequently, low solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. These drawbacks can be mitigated by coupling photocatalysts with an external circuit that can physically separate the photogenerated charge carriers (electrons and holes). For this reason, photoelectrochemical (PEC) production of hydrogen is under the spotlight as promising green and sustainable technique and widely investigated in numerous publications. However, considering that a significant fraction of the hydrogen produced is used for reduction processes, the development of PEC devices for direct in situ hydrogenation can address the challenges associated with hydrogen storage and distribution. This Perspective aims at highlighting the fundamental aspects of HER from PEC systems, and how these can be harnessed toward the implementation of suitable settings for the hydrogenation of organic compounds of industrial value.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202400012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Degradation of Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brillant Green Dyes Using UV Light-Activated GA–TiO2–Cd Composite 利用紫外光激活的 GA-TiO2-Cd 复合材料降解橙 G、酸性蓝 161 和艳绿染料

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300271

Derya Tekin, Derya Birhan, Taner Tekin, Hakan Kiziltas

{"title":"Degradation of Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brillant Green Dyes Using UV Light-Activated GA–TiO2–Cd Composite","authors":"Derya Tekin, Derya Birhan, Taner Tekin, Hakan Kiziltas","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300271","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300271","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity performance are synthesized by synthesizing graphene aerogel-supported, cadmium-doped TiO2 composites by hydrothermal method for the effective degradation of organic dyes in wastewater. Here, GA–TiO2–Cd is investigated as a photocatalyst for the degradation of toxic dyes named Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brilliant Green in the UV part of the light spectrum. As a result of the experiments, it is observed that the effective decomposition of organic dyes is due to graphene aerogel (GA) and cadmium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that for 20 ppm solutions of Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brilliant Green, dyes are removed at approximately 81.075%, 84.15%, and 95.18% in 120 min. The morphology and elemental analysis of the synthesized composites are determined using SEM-EDS, crystal structure analysis by XRD, chemical bond analysis by FTIR, optical properties by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry, and thermal resistance by TGA analysis.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting Water Retention in Agriculture: Vine Biochar-Doped Hydrogels' Swelling and Germination Effects 提高农业的保水性：藤蔓生物炭掺杂水凝胶的膨胀和发芽效应

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300254

Yağmur Uysal, Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu, Mehmet Nuri Makas, Zehranur Çaylali

{"title":"Boosting Water Retention in Agriculture: Vine Biochar-Doped Hydrogels' Swelling and Germination Effects","authors":"Yağmur Uysal, Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu, Mehmet Nuri Makas, Zehranur Çaylali","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300254","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300254","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity presents a formidable challenge to agriculture, particularly in arid, semiarid, and rainfed settings. In agricultural contexts, hydrogels serve as granular agents for water retention, undergoing considerable expansion upon water exposure. They assume versatile roles encompassing soil-water retention, the dispensation of nutrients and pesticides, seed encapsulation, erosion mitigation, and even food supplementation. This study's objective involves the examination of biochar-infused hydrogels, fashioned by incorporating vine pruning waste-derived biochars, and the assessment of swelling behaviors in various aqueous environments encompassing deionized, tap, and saline water at concentrations of 0.5–1%. Characterizations of the vine-biochars-VB and biochar-incorporated hydrogels-VBHG are executed, with particular attention to their swelling properties across diverse media. As an initial step toward appraising their agricultural relevance, these hydrogels are introduced to a germination medium featuring wheat seeds to discern potential influences on germination dynamics. The maximum swelling capacity of VBHG is recorded in deionized water, tap water at pH 7.0, tap water at pH 9.0, saline water at 0.5%, and saline water at 1%, reaching 352%, 207%, 230%, 522%, and 549%, respectively. Remarkably, the 0.5% VBHG treatment exhibits the most pronounced root elongation. The application of hydrogels in agriculture exhibits promise, particularly within drought-related contexts and potential soilless applications.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021 迈向更好、更健康的空气质量：基于世界卫生组织 2021 年新空气质量准则的全球 PM2.5 和 O3 污染状况与风险评估

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300258

Jianhua Liu, Chao He, Yajun Si, Bin Li, Qian Wu, Jinmian Ni, Yue Zhao, Qixin Hu, Shenwen Du, Zhendong Lu, Jiming Jin, Chao Xu

{"title":"Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021","authors":"Jianhua Liu, Chao He, Yajun Si, Bin Li, Qian Wu, Jinmian Ni, Yue Zhao, Qixin Hu, Shenwen Du, Zhendong Lu, Jiming Jin, Chao Xu","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300258","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300258","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the high burden of disease caused by air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) on September 22, 2021. In this study, the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) data of 618 cities around the world is collected from 2019 to 2022. Based on the new AQG, the number of attainment days for daily average concentrations of PM2.5 (≤ 15 µg m−3) and O3 (≤ 100 µg m−3) is approximately 10% and 90%, respectively. China and India exhibit a decreasing trend in the number of highly polluted days (> 75 µg m−3) for PM. Every year over 68% and 27% of cities in the world are exposed to harmful PM2.5 (> 35 µg m−3) and O3 (> 100 µg m−3) pollution, respectively. Combined with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is found that more than 35% of the world's cities face PM2.5-O3 compound pollution. Furthermore, the exposure risks in these cities (China, India, etc.) are mainly categorized as “High Risk”, “Risk”, and “Stabilization”. In contrast, economically developed cities are mainly categorized as “High Safety”, “Safety”, and “Deep Stabilization.” These findings indicate that global implementation of the WHO's new AQG will minimize the inequitable exposure risk from air pollution.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction: Lopsided Blood-Thinning Drug Increases the Risk of Internal Flow Choking Leading to Shock Wave Generation Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease 撤稿：片面的血液稀释药物增加了内流窒息导致冲击波产生并引发无症状心血管疾病的风险

IF 4.9 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202470083

{"title":"Retraction: Lopsided Blood-Thinning Drug Increases the Risk of Internal Flow Choking Leading to Shock Wave Generation Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202470083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202470083","url":null,"abstract":"V. R. S. Kumar, S. K. Choudhary, P. K. Radhakrishnan, R. S. Bharath, N. Chandrasekaran, V. Sankar, A. Sukumaran, C. Oommen, “Lopsided Blood-Thinning Drug Increases the Risk of Internal Flow Choking Leading to Shock Wave Generation Causing Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease.” Global Challenges 2021, 5, 2000076. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202000076The above article, published on January 29, 2021 in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Mara Staffilani, and Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim.The retraction has been agreed due to concerns raised by a third party in a submitted Comment regarding the paper's proposed theory and its application of concepts.Post-publication review by an independent reviewer determined that the article applies the concept of compressible flow to an inherently incompressible flow system. As a result, the article's hypothesis and following argument do not scientifically support its conclusions. Therefore, the conclusions are considered unreliable.An investigation by Wiley and the journal's Editor-in-Chief supported this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202470083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0