Global Challenges最新文献_第4页

CytroCell@Nafion: Enhanced Proton Exchange Membranes (Global Challenges 12/2025) CytroCell@Nafion：增强型质子交换膜（全球挑战12/2025）

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70076

Daria Talarico, Enrica Fontananova, Teresa Sibillano, Rosaria Ciriminna, Stefania Palermo, Francesco Galiano, Gianluca Di Profio, Alberto Figoli, Giovanna Li Petri, Giuseppe Angellotti, Francesco Meneguzzo, Cinzia Giannini, Mario Pagliaro

引用次数: 0

Blue Light Defocus Induces A Positive Effect on Refractive Status and Ocular Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial (Global Challenges 12/2025) 蓝光离焦对屈光状态和眼健康的积极影响：一项随机交叉试验（全球挑战12/2025）

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70077

Jinfang Wu, Ze-Hua Xu, Yuanyuan Miao, Xinyao Zheng, Lan Yang, Cong Wang, Jason C. Yam, Zi-Bing Jin

引用次数: 0

Intensifying Drought Patterns and Agricultural Water Stress in Erbil Governorate, Iraq: A Spatiotemporal Climate Analysis 伊拉克埃尔比勒省干旱模式加剧与农业用水压力：时空气候分析

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500491

Karrar Mahdi, Heman Abdulkhaleq A. Gaznayee, Payman Hussein Aliehsan, Sara H. Zaki, Dawod R. Keya, Kawa Hakzi, Fuad Alqrinawi, Michel Riksen

{"title":"Intensifying Drought Patterns and Agricultural Water Stress in Erbil Governorate, Iraq: A Spatiotemporal Climate Analysis","authors":"Karrar Mahdi, Heman Abdulkhaleq A. Gaznayee, Payman Hussein Aliehsan, Sara H. Zaki, Dawod R. Keya, Kawa Hakzi, Fuad Alqrinawi, Michel Riksen","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500491","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202500491","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a prolonged lack of rainfall that causes water shortages for agricultural land by reducing soil moisture and limiting crop yields. This study assesses the impacts of drought in Erbil, Iraq, using 28 years of data from the southern, central, and northern regions. A soil-water-balance framework integrates precipitation with reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and actual evapotranspiration measures to address seasonal water deficits. According to the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the area experienced basin-wide droughts in 1998–2000, 2007–2009, a renewed event in 2020–2021, and significant negative anomalies in 2024–2025. Analyzing drought frequency shows that “near-normal” conditions are most common (around 57%–79%), with occasional moderate to extreme events. The study reveals that winter wheat undergoes severe stress, with ETc reaching 200–250 mm month during dry years and ETa dropping to 15–30 mm/month, resulting in June deficits of nearly 277 mm. It also notes high variation in annual precipitation, with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 26.1% to 51.7%. ARIMA (1,0,1) models suggest weak persistence and zone-specific accuracy, with MAPE values of 37.8% in the south, 33.9% in the central region, and 28.8% in the north. The results underscore the importance of climate-resilient water and agricultural planning.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recycling Thermoset Systems by Vitrimerization Using Solid-State Shear Extrusion- A Feasibility Study 利用固态剪切挤压玻璃化回收热固性系统的可行性研究

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500417

Amin Jamei-Oskouei, Majid Mehrabi-Mazidi, Ica Manas-Zloczower

{"title":"Recycling Thermoset Systems by Vitrimerization Using Solid-State Shear Extrusion- A Feasibility Study","authors":"Amin Jamei-Oskouei, Majid Mehrabi-Mazidi, Ica Manas-Zloczower","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500417","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoset polymers with permanently cross-linked networks have outstanding mechanical properties but cannot be reprocessed or recycled. Vitrimerization is a simple and practical method to convert permanent crosslinked thermosets into vitrimers with covalent adaptable networks, which can be recycled. Vitrimerization is a mechanochemical strategy to convert thermosets into vitrimers by using a ball milling system. In this study, we propose solid-state shear extrusion (SSSE) as a continuous, room-temperature route to replace ball milling (BM) for epoxy vitrimerization. The vitrimerized thermosets obtained using the SSSE process exhibit comparable activation energy and mechanical properties with the vitrimers obtained using the BM method. In addition, the SSSE vitrimers can be reprocessed multiple times, maintaining above 80 percent in mechanical properties. This first feasibility study of employing SSSE for vitrimerization may establish it as a scalable, energy-efficient alternative to batch BM for industrial, closed-loop recycling of thermosets with the least environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial Analysis of Agricultural Waste and By-Products to Tackle the Water–Energy Nexus in Rural Mozambique 解决莫桑比克农村水-能源关系的农业废弃物和副产品的空间分析

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500339

Giuseppe Mancuso, Valentina Morini, Gonzalo A. Martinez, Attilio Toscano, Francesca Valenti

{"title":"Spatial Analysis of Agricultural Waste and By-Products to Tackle the Water–Energy Nexus in Rural Mozambique","authors":"Giuseppe Mancuso, Valentina Morini, Gonzalo A. Martinez, Attilio Toscano, Francesca Valenti","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500339","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing energy and water management in rural Mozambique is essential for sustainable agricultural development. This study focuses on Nampula Province, where limited access to these resources deepens socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The research promotes sustainability by identifying, planning, and implementing innovative and socially validated solutions to enhance the water-energy nexus for agricultural growth. In this study, an integrated approach combining geographic information system (GIS) tools and participatory methods is developed to assess and address local needs. The initial phase involved analyzing the rural context through field surveys, stakeholder interviews, community workshops, and site visits to collect and validate data, using tailored questionnaires and digital platforms. In the second phase, collected data are processed using GIS, building a geodatabase with layers such as land use, crop distribution, water demand, energy needs, and locations of processing facilities. QGIS software is used to map resource potential, deficits, and spatial disparities. These analyses provide key insights to guide sustainable interventions, helping identify critical areas and opportunities for optimizing resource use. This integrated and participatory approach can efficiently ensure the development of solutions that are contextually appropriate, technically robust, and socially validated, thereby laying the groundwork for effective and sustainable resource management strategies in Nampula.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Irrigation Challenges, Water Access, and Adaptation Strategies in Smallholder Farming: Evidence From Gaza Province, Mozambique 小农农业的灌溉挑战、水获取和适应战略：来自莫桑比克加沙省的证据

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500342

Hercidio Jaime Tandane, Bento Filipe Francisco, Alfredo José Maholele, Manuel Mulhuli Sitoe

{"title":"Irrigation Challenges, Water Access, and Adaptation Strategies in Smallholder Farming: Evidence From Gaza Province, Mozambique","authors":"Hercidio Jaime Tandane, Bento Filipe Francisco, Alfredo José Maholele, Manuel Mulhuli Sitoe","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500342","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation is a critical component of smallholder agriculture, particularly in regions prone to climatic variability and water scarcity, such as Mozambique. This study investigated the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in accessing water for irrigation, explored the adaptation strategies they have adopted, and evaluated the effectiveness of these approaches in enhancing agricultural productivity and resilience. Using quantitative methods, the study highlights significant disparities in water access across the districts of Chókwè, Mandlakazi, and Guijá. Key findings include an ageing farmer population, limited access to efficient irrigation technologies, inadequate irrigation infrastructure, and the increasing impact of climate change, particularly in the form of droughts. Farmers primarily rely on gravity flow irrigation systems, but the lack of sufficient water storage and drainage infrastructure impedes effective water use. The study also identified crucial adaptation strategies, including the rehabilitation of irrigation systems, the adoption of solar-powered irrigation technologies, and the promotion of climate-resilient agriculture practices. The study emphasized the need for policy interventions focused on investing in irrigation infrastructures and providing capacity-building programs to enhance water management and climate adaptation. These findings are vital for informing policies aimed at improving water access and resilience in smallholder farming systems in Gaza province and similar regions.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of Sustainable Carbon Nanoparticles Into Inverted Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells to Enhance Optoelectronic Performance 可持续碳纳米颗粒集成到倒置混合钙钛矿太阳能电池中以提高光电性能

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500363

Lorenzo Squillantini, Davide Tocco, Marco Natali, Luca Gnoli, Alessio Mezzi, Chiara Dionigi, Eugenio Lunedei, Fabiola Liscio, Andrea Parisini, Mirko Seri, Samet Ocak, Silvia Milita, Emiliano Fratini, Giampiero Ruani, Francesca De Giorgio

{"title":"Integration of Sustainable Carbon Nanoparticles Into Inverted Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells to Enhance Optoelectronic Performance","authors":"Lorenzo Squillantini, Davide Tocco, Marco Natali, Luca Gnoli, Alessio Mezzi, Chiara Dionigi, Eugenio Lunedei, Fabiola Liscio, Andrea Parisini, Mirko Seri, Samet Ocak, Silvia Milita, Emiliano Fratini, Giampiero Ruani, Francesca De Giorgio","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500363","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells (HPSCs) using lead halide perovskites offer high performance and low-cost fabrication via solution processes. However, their environmental and thermal instability, along with poor polycrystalline quality—such as trap states and grain boundaries—limit device efficiency. In this study, we propose four novel compositions of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as additives for methylammonium PbI3 (MAPI)-based HPSCs to enhance the optoelectronic performance. The CNPs are synthesized through a green, cost-effective method using citric acid and L-tryptophan for nitrogen doping. Their optical, structural, and morphological properties are thoroughly characterized prior to integration. To assess the impact of CNPs on perovskite crystallization and facet orientation, synchrotron-based 2D Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) is employed. Devices are fabricated using an inverted architecture, suitable for flexible substrates and energy-efficient processing. Electrical and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses reveal improved fill factors across all CNP compositions. The optimized system achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10%, compared to 8.2% for the reference device without CNPs, confirming the potential of green CNPs to enhance HPSC performance without compromising structural integrity.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Vitro Assessment of Boswellia serrata Incorporated N95 Mask Layers -Specific Efficacy Comparison. 锯齿波士韦利菌含N95膜层的体外评价-特异性疗效比较。

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500328

Aiswarya K. Raj, Raichal B. George, Geetha B. Kumar, Jayalekshmi Haripriyan, Kamalam S. Rajni

{"title":"In Vitro Assessment of Boswellia serrata Incorporated N95 Mask Layers -Specific Efficacy Comparison.","authors":"Aiswarya K. Raj, Raichal B. George, Geetha B. Kumar, Jayalekshmi Haripriyan, Kamalam S. Rajni","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500328","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on designing a novel, five-layered N95 mask fabric that integrates the natural antimicrobial properties of Boswellia serrata, thereby unlocking a new dimension in respiratory protection. Specifically, the second and third layers of the mask fabric were coated with a chloroform extract of Boswellia serrata to impart layer-specific functionality. The functionalized mask fabrics underwent rigorous analysis, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and wettability measurements, confirming the successful incorporation of the extract. The contact killing assay demonstrated a highly effective dual-action defense system. The extract-coated second layer exhibited a rapid, but transient, antimicrobial effect, showing excellent inhibition within one hour (92% against S. aureus, 86% against E. aerogenes), though this effect diminished significantly by eight hours. In contrast, the third layer provided a prolonged and sustained antimicrobial effect, maintaining high inhibition even after eight hours (100% against C. albicans and K. pneumoniae, and 90% against E. aerogenes). Maximum killing efficiency was observed at four hours for both layers. This innovative application of layer-specific engineering offers enhanced and prolonged protection against airborne pathogens, marking a significant leap in mask technology.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formation Dynamics of Honeycomb-Like Capsules and Sponge-Like Biofilms in Micrococcus Reveal a Novel Heavy Metal Avoidance Strategy 微球菌中蜂窝状胶囊和海绵状生物膜的形成动力学揭示了一种新的重金属规避策略

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500359

Toshiyuki Kawamura, Yui Naito, Yosyun Onishi, Rajesree A/P Sivakumaran, Yuji Yanagihara, Eiki Matsui

{"title":"Formation Dynamics of Honeycomb-Like Capsules and Sponge-Like Biofilms in Micrococcus Reveal a Novel Heavy Metal Avoidance Strategy","authors":"Toshiyuki Kawamura, Yui Naito, Yosyun Onishi, Rajesree A/P Sivakumaran, Yuji Yanagihara, Eiki Matsui","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500359","url":null,"abstract":"It is unclear how Micrococcus adapts to leaf environments and why it exhibits exceptionally high heavy-metal tolerance. Herein, we report that a Micrococcus strain isolated from camphor tree leaves forms previously undescribed sponge-like biofilms and a capsule with a distinctive honeycomb-like Voronoi structure. Capsule formation begins during cell division, wherein thin fibers appear between two dividing cells and gradually thicken to form a dense capsule. The capsule surface is densely perforated with cavities (95.0 ± 4.41 nm in diameter and 166.3 ± 5.91 nm in depth), resembling a Voronoi diagram. As the structure matures, filamentous connections between cells form sponge-like biofilms. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that these architectures retain essential metal ions, while limiting the uptake of toxic copper ions. These structures represent a novel defense strategy, distinct from conventional mechanisms in which heavy metals are directly adsorbed into cells or capsules. This structural strategy supports copper resistance and ecological adaptation on camphor tree leaves, where microorganisms encounter nutrient limitations and fluctuating moisture. Building upon these insights, our findings expand current understanding of microbial survival strategies, shows the importance of structural biology in the phyllosphere, and indicates potential applications in bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Bacterial Biocontrol Agents in Tomato Disease Management: Mechanisms, Applications, and Omics Perspectives 促进植物生长的根瘤菌和细菌生物防治剂在番茄病害管理中的应用：机制、应用和组学观点

IF 6.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202500320

Mateka Patience Modiba, Thomas Bell, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

{"title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Bacterial Biocontrol Agents in Tomato Disease Management: Mechanisms, Applications, and Omics Perspectives","authors":"Mateka Patience Modiba, Thomas Bell, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202500320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500320","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diseases, agricultural intensification, and climatic catastrophes such as drought have all has a significant impact on agricultural production in recent years. For decades, synthetic agrochemicals have been the primary tool for disease management and yield enhancement. However, their use poses significant environmental and health risks. There are many studies on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and bacterial biocontrol agents (BCA) as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the direct and indirect mechanisms by which PGPR and BCA enhance tomato growth and suppress pathogens. Although some of these PGPR and BCA are known, their mechanisms are not completely understood. Emerging omics approaches, which include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, are highlighted as powerful tools for elucidating plant-microbe interactions and guiding next-generation biocontrol strategies. By critically examining overlapping mechanisms and applications, this review clarifies the complementary roles of PGPR, BCA, and “omics” and identifies research gaps for more consistent and scalable use in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202500320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0