Global Challenges最新文献_第3页

No Place to Hide? Regional Resilience and Vulnerability to Global Catastrophic Risk 无处可藏？区域复原力和对全球灾难性风险的脆弱性。

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70146

Florian Ulrich Jehn, Maximilian Rössler, Luke Kemp, Michael Cassidy, Zachary Kallenborn, Juan Bartolomé García Martínez, Lara Mani, Matt Boyd

{"title":"No Place to Hide? Regional Resilience and Vulnerability to Global Catastrophic Risk","authors":"Florian Ulrich Jehn, Maximilian Rössler, Luke Kemp, Michael Cassidy, Zachary Kallenborn, Juan Bartolomé García Martínez, Lara Mani, Matt Boyd","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70146","url":null,"abstract":"What places on Earth are most resilient to global catastrophic risk (GCR)? We provide the first study of what locations are more resilient against the impacts of nuclear war, near-Earth objects, large-magnitude volcanic eruptions, large-scale cyberattacks, high altitude electromagnetic pulse, geomagnetic storms and pandemics. This shows there is no place on Earth which is resilient against all kinds of GCR. Australia shows resilience across the widest range of GCR scenarios in the literature we reviewed, but even for it, continued international cooperation and trade are essential. Across the different risks, common resilience factors that show up most are geographic isolation (e.g. islands), self-sufficiency (especially in food production), high governance quality (more democratic and lower inequality) and decentralization to mitigate single point catastrophic failures (e.g. impacting trade or food supply). Many of these factors stand in tension with each other and trade-offs are required to balance between different GCR scenarios and between a higher resilience against the immediate impacts or against the longer-term consequences. The literature suggests that increased GCR resilience requires more investment in preparation (e.g., food security), planning (e.g., national risk assessments), and international agreements that facilitate cooperation on preparation and GCR response.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate-Action Driven Emission Changes of Unintentional Persistent Organic Pollutants From Global Copper Industry 气候行动驱动的全球铜工业非故意持久性有机污染物排放变化

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70153

Yuxiang Sun, Qiuting Yang, Jianghui Yun, Yujue Yang, Haiying Yu, Minghui Zheng, Guorui Liu

{"title":"Climate-Action Driven Emission Changes of Unintentional Persistent Organic Pollutants From Global Copper Industry","authors":"Yuxiang Sun, Qiuting Yang, Jianghui Yun, Yujue Yang, Haiying Yu, Minghui Zheng, Guorui Liu","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70153","url":null,"abstract":"Climate action is shifting copper production from primary copper smelting (PCU) toward secondary copper smelting (SCU_RF), an important source of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (UPOPs). However, climate-driven changes in UPOP emissions across the copper industry remain poorly understood. Here, emissions of six Stockholm Convention-listed UPOPs from global and regional copper-smelting subsectors during 2023–2050 are estimated under different climate scenarios. Toxic equivalent (TEQ)-based emissions are used to compare relative toxic potency, while mass emissions are also quantified to reflect non-TEQ-based management relevance. By 2050, global UPOP emissions under a net-zero pathway are projected to be 10%–31% higher than under the current-policy pathway. The TEQ emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), together with mass emissions of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), warrant attention. SCU_RF is projected to contribute 62%–98% of total TEQ emissions across UPOPs, making it the priority control source, while mass emissions of HCB and PeCBz from PCU and direct melting of high-quality scrap should receive attention. Climate-action-driven TEQ emission increases are concentrated in East Asia and the Pacific and in Europe and Central Asia. These findings reveal a pollution trade-off in copper decarbonization and highlight the need for targeted control strategies.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Interlayer Expansion and Surface Chelation in Ternary NiCuAl Layered Double Hydroxides for Ultrahigh Capacity Dye Adsorption 层间膨胀和表面螯合在三元NiCuAl层状双氢氧化物中对超高容量染料吸附的作用

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70149

Mrudul Velhal, Raihana Sattari, M. Humaun Kabir, Yu-Sheng Li, Hong Liang

{"title":"Role of Interlayer Expansion and Surface Chelation in Ternary NiCuAl Layered Double Hydroxides for Ultrahigh Capacity Dye Adsorption","authors":"Mrudul Velhal, Raihana Sattari, M. Humaun Kabir, Yu-Sheng Li, Hong Liang","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70149","url":null,"abstract":"Developing high-performance adsorbents for anionic dye removal is essential for sustainable water remediation. However, conventional methods struggle with the persistent, non-biodegradable nature of synthetic azo dyes. In this study, we report robust hydrothermal synthesis of ternary NiCuAl layered double hydroxide (LDH), exploiting its tunable interlayer chemistry and high surface reactivity for efficient anionic dye capture. Characterization via XRD, XPS, and BET confirmed a mesoporous framework (Dpore = 3.78 nm) with an expanded interlayer spacing of 8.58 Å, facilitating superior molecular accessibility. Langmuir isotherm fitting indicated the dyes underwent monolayer adsorption with theoretical adsorption capacities (qmax) of 6628 mg g−1 for Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and 567 mg g−1 for Allura Red AC (AR). Kinetic analysis followed the pseudo-second-order model, confirming chemisorption as the primary mechanism. The Weber-Morris model revealed a multi-stage uptake governed by film diffusion and pore transport. The remarkable 13-fold difference in capacity is attributed to the chelation effect of EBT, which acts as a tridentate ligand forming stable complexes with Ni2+ and Cu2+ cations. DFT analysis indicates that EBT exhibits stronger electrostatic and geometric anisotropy, promoting more directional interactions. Overall, metal coordination and an expanded framework make NiCuAl LDH an exceptional material for high-capacity wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries for Circular Energy Systems: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Pathway to Affordable Grid-Connected Renewable Storage 循环能源系统的二次寿命锂离子电池：实现可负担的并网可再生储能的技术、经济和环境途径

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70150

Abdelhak Lekbir, Bessam Deboucha, Abdullahi Mohamed Samatar, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Khalid Alqunun

{"title":"Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries for Circular Energy Systems: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Pathway to Affordable Grid-Connected Renewable Storage","authors":"Abdelhak Lekbir, Bessam Deboucha, Abdullahi Mohamed Samatar, Saad Mekhilef, Kok Soon Tey, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Khalid Alqunun","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70150","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid electrification of transportation is generating a growing stream of retired electric vehicle batteries, creating challenges in battery waste management and the provision of affordable energy storage for renewable energy integration. Repurposing these batteries for stationary applications offers a circular-economy solution that addresses both issues. This study evaluates the techno-economic and environmental viability of integrating containerized second-life lithium-ion batteries (SLBs) into a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a residential community in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Using HOMER Pro, four configurations incorporating either new or second-life batteries were compared. The results show that the HRES-4 configuration reduces grid dependency by more than 54%, transforms the system into a net energy exporter (>820 MWh/year), and achieves the best economic performance, with a net present cost of $239.6K and a levelized cost of storage of $0.072/kWh. Despite higher degradation rates, SLBs deliver energy throughput and cycling performance comparable to new batteries, exceeding 207 MWh/year and 230 equivalent full cycles annually. SLB integration also avoids approximately 1161 tons of CO2/year, with a carbon payback of 7.13 years. These findings show that containerized SLBs offer a cost-effective and scalable pathway for circular energy systems, with relevance to circular-economy policy and emerging power grids.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-Edible Plant Pelemir Seeds (Cephalaria Syriaca L.): A New and Effective Source for Biodiesel Feedstock 非食用植物Pelemir种子（Cephalaria Syriaca L.）：生物柴油原料的有效新来源

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70138

Hülya Karabas, Mahnaz Gümrükcüoglu Yigit

{"title":"Non-Edible Plant Pelemir Seeds (Cephalaria Syriaca L.): A New and Effective Source for Biodiesel Feedstock","authors":"Hülya Karabas, Mahnaz Gümrükcüoglu Yigit","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70138","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuels, as non-renewable energy sources, pose environmental and energy supply security challenges. This study evaluates pelemir (Cephalaria syriaca L.) seed oil, a non-edible vegetable oil not preferred by the food sector, as a renewable, locally adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production in Türkiye. Unlike edible oils that raise food-safety concerns, non-edible oils like pelemir offer a potentially more economical and environmentally friendly route to biodiesel. Crude oil was extracted from Karahan genotype pelemir seeds collected in the Erzincan region. Analyses showed the oil to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids (74.2%), predominantly linoleic and oleic acids. Owing to its low free fatty acid content (<1%), the crude oil was converted into biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol. Biodiesel produced from Karahan genotype pelemir seeds is suitable for Turkey's geographical and climatic conditions and meets the EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standards. Feedstock availability and production cost are two key prerequisites for sustainable, commercial biofuel. The use of the pelemir plant as a biodiesel feedstock supports energy security and resilience, as well as emission control for the climate crisis, both globally and in Türkiye.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Experimental Investigation of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Seed Oil as a Novel Biodiesel Feedstock: Engine Performance, Combustion, Emission, and Exergy Analyses 玫瑰果（Rosa canina L.）的综合实验研究种子油作为一种新型生物柴油原料：发动机性能、燃烧、排放和能源分析。

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70143

Erdoğan Güner

{"title":"Comprehensive Experimental Investigation of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Seed Oil as a Novel Biodiesel Feedstock: Engine Performance, Combustion, Emission, and Exergy Analyses","authors":"Erdoğan Güner","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70143","url":null,"abstract":"Given the increasing volatility of global energy markets, identifying previously unexplored resources like rosehip (Rosa Canina L.) is essential to diversify and strengthen the sustainable biodiesel feedstock portfolio. In this study, rosehip seed oil methyl ester (RSOME) was produced via transesterification at 50°C for 60 min using a 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 1 wt.% KOH catalyst, achieving a biodiesel yield of 93.63%, and was experimentally evaluated in a four-cylinder common-rail CI engine over an engine speed range of 1500–3000 rpm under fixed-load conditions. Combustion, performance, exergy, and emission characteristics were evaluated. RSOME exhibited a cetane number of 52.36. Among the tested fuels, B5 achieved the best overall performance, improving BSFC by 1.2%–5.5%, increasing exergetic efficiency by 1.6%–5.9%, and reducing exergy destruction by 1.3%–8.5% relative to diesel. B5 also exhibited speed-dependent combustion behavior, slightly decreasing Pmax (up to 2.6%) at lower speeds but increasing it by 6.0% while reducing NOx emissions by 6.8% at 3000 rpm. However, the large-scale utilization of RSOME as a biodiesel feedstock may be constrained by the use of rosehip seed oil in high-value health and cosmetic applications. Future studies should investigate RSOME under varying load conditions and long-term engine durability scenarios.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Cyber-Physical Digital Twin Framework for State Estimation of Dendrite-Risk Prediction and Resilient Control in Solid-State Batteries 固态电池枝晶风险预测和弹性控制状态估计的网络-物理数字孪生框架

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70141

Sankar Subramanian, Prabhu Paulraj, Radhika Subramanian, Lakshmi Narayanan V, Hariprasad Perumal, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Hisham Alkhalefah, Jaber E. Abu Qudeiri, Sachin Salunkhe

{"title":"A Cyber-Physical Digital Twin Framework for State Estimation of Dendrite-Risk Prediction and Resilient Control in Solid-State Batteries","authors":"Sankar Subramanian, Prabhu Paulraj, Radhika Subramanian, Lakshmi Narayanan V, Hariprasad Perumal, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Hisham Alkhalefah, Jaber E. Abu Qudeiri, Sachin Salunkhe","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70141","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer high energy density and improved safety but remain vulnerable to hidden electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical degradation, lithium dendrite formation, and cyber-physical attacks that cannot be reliably detected using conventional battery-management systems. This work presents a cyber-physical digital twin framework for real-time state estimation, dendrite-risk prediction, and resilient control of SSBs. A physics-regularized reduced-order model integrated with Moving Horizon Estimation reconstructs unmeasurable internal concentration, potential, temperature, stress, and interfacial degradation states from limited terminal measurements. A physics-informed Dendrite-Risk Forecast Index (DRFI) is developed by combining stress evolution, current-density variance, interfacial impedance growth, and thermal-gradient severity to provide early degradation warning. Physics-consistent anomaly detection identifies measurement manipulation and cyber-attacks, while a DRFI-aware Model Predictive Controller adaptively regulates battery operation to mitigate degradation. Simulation studies under normal operation, accelerated degradation, and cyber-attack scenarios demonstrate state-estimation errors of 5%–7% during normal cycling and less than 10% under accelerated ageing, 0.8–1.2 cycles of early degradation prediction, 40%–55% reduction in stress concentration, and attack detection within 80–110 ms. These results demonstrate that the proposed physics-guided cyber-physical digital twin provides an interpretable and computationally efficient framework for predictive battery management, degradation forecasting, and resilient operation of next-generation solid-state batteries.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concomitant Mineral Carbonation and CO2 Reduction in Short-Term Water-Basalts Reaction: Difference Between Basaltic Glass and Basaltic Crystals 短期水-玄武岩反应中伴生矿物碳酸化和CO2还原：玄武岩玻璃和玄武岩晶体的差异

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70147

Andrea Pierozzi, Rémi Rateau, Andrea Orlando, Daniele Borrini, Franco Tassi, Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco

{"title":"Concomitant Mineral Carbonation and CO2 Reduction in Short-Term Water-Basalts Reaction: Difference Between Basaltic Glass and Basaltic Crystals","authors":"Andrea Pierozzi, Rémi Rateau, Andrea Orlando, Daniele Borrini, Franco Tassi, Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70147","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology aims to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Subsurface mineral carbonation is the safest method of CCS, where water-dissolved CO2 is injected into the subsurface and reacts with mafic or ultramafic minerals that release cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+), resulting in the formation of carbonate minerals. However, more research is needed to effectively implement CCS in basaltic reservoirs. In these experiments, it is shown how two different samples (basaltic glass and basaltic crystals) react to carbonation under identical conditions: a pH of around 6.5, reaction times of 2 and 5 days, temperatures of 100°C and 200°C, and absolute pressures from 70 to 85 bar(a) at the operating temperatures. The results show partial dissolution of mineral phases, formation of new alteration phases, and carbonate precipitation. This study aims to identify key variables to analyze in such experiments to evaluate the formation of CO and CH4 as an alternative reaction pathway during mineral carbonation of injected CO2 in basalts. Ultimately, this research aims to lay the groundwork for future studies on basalt carbonation and on how the CCS process might be influenced by CO2 reduction to CO and CH4.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen-Based Long-Duration Energy Storage: Technologies, System Integration, and Techno-Economic Performance 氢基长时间储能：技术、系统集成和技术经济绩效。

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70139

Reda A. Haggam, Syed Javed, Nguyen Van Minh, Rajkumar Sivanraju, Prajith Prabhakar

{"title":"Hydrogen-Based Long-Duration Energy Storage: Technologies, System Integration, and Techno-Economic Performance","authors":"Reda A. Haggam, Syed Javed, Nguyen Van Minh, Rajkumar Sivanraju, Prajith Prabhakar","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.70139","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating integration of variable renewable energy sources has underscored the need for scalable, long-duration energy storage (LDES) solutions to ensure power system reliability and resilience. Hydrogen (H2) based LDES is a rapidly emerging technology that offers substantial advantages in both retaining large volumes of energy for extended periods and facilitating integration across sectors (electricity, heat, transport). This review provides an extensive overview of H2-based LDES technologies, focusing on the respective production routes, storage and reconversion methods, integration into overall systems, and optimization using digital tools. A systematic analysis of literature published between 2018 and 2026 is conducted to assess techno-economic performance, life-cycle environmental impacts, and reliability metrics, including loss-of-load expectation (LOLE) and effective load-carrying capability (ELCC). The investigation underscores pivotal challenges related to efficiency losses, infrastructure preparedness, and operational complexity, while highlighting the significance of digital twins, artificial intelligence (AI), and market mechanisms in enhancing system performance. Prospective research avenues and policy implications are examined to support the large-scale implementation of H2-based energy systems in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 7.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics and Material Flows of Diary Packaging in Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of Plastic Yoghurt Cups in Vienna 城市固体废物中乳制品包装的特性和物料流动——以维也纳塑料酸奶杯为例

IF 7.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.70144

Gisela Breslmayer, Lea Gritsch, Jakob Lederer

{"title":"Characteristics and Material Flows of Diary Packaging in Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of Plastic Yoghurt Cups in Vienna","authors":"Gisela Breslmayer, Lea Gritsch, Jakob Lederer","doi":"10.1002/gch2.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.70144","url":null,"abstract":"Yoghurt cup packaging has received increasing attention regarding design-for-recycling. Packaging technologies like the three-component (3C) cup, consisting of a plastic cup, carton wrap and aluminum cover, reduce the amount of plastic needed. While individual components are well recyclable if consumers correctly separate and dispose of them after consumption, no data regarding consumer separation behavior of yoghurt cups is available. This study offers a detailed characterization of 3C cups and other yoghurt cup decoration types (2C) regarding their dismantling stage and content in mixed municipal solid waste and lightweight packaging waste in Vienna, Austria. The results show that 3C cups represent one of the largest shares of yoghurt cup decoration types, totaling over 42 Mio cups/year (645 t/year) in Vienna. Both 2C and 3C cups are better dismantled when separately collected. However, 95% of all cups land in mixed municipal solid waste and are unavailable for recycling. Separately collected 3C cups with carton wrap additionally hinder the correct sorting of cups in a sorting facility. Lacking participation of consumers regarding dismantling and correctly disposing of yoghurt cups can therefore compromise design-for-recycling efforts. Continued monitoring of yoghurt cup quality and content in different waste streams is recommended to better understand consumer behavior.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0