Global Challenges最新文献_第3页

Institutional Quality in Green and Digital Transition of EU Regions – A Recovery and Resilience Analysis 欧盟地区绿色和数字化转型中的机构质量--恢复和复原力分析

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400031

Alexandru Bănică, Ramona Ţigănaşu, Peter Nijkamp, Karima Kourtit

{"title":"Institutional Quality in Green and Digital Transition of EU Regions – A Recovery and Resilience Analysis","authors":"Alexandru Bănică, Ramona Ţigănaşu, Peter Nijkamp, Karima Kourtit","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202400031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) of EU member states and regions to uncover commonalities and differences between green and digital transitions, focusing on the role of institutions, among additional socio-economic drivers, in modeling them. To that end, relevant indicators have been assembled, and several econometric models have been developed and tested to evaluate institutional performance in relation to green and digital transformations. The study reveals discrepancies in the two explored transition fields and highlights the power of institutional factors in boosting them. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that the green transition in EU regions is positively associated with variables such as life expectancy, institutional quality, tertiary education attainment, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with innovative activities, while the fruits of digitalization are mainly allied to population with higher studies, core creative class employment, accountability of institutions, and innovative SMEs. These insights offer valuable guidance for decision-makers to draw lessons from high-performing or successful regions and strategically assign resources. This includes paying attention to regional financial allocations and their alignment with territorial planning and long-term policies.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202400031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation: Current Advances in Materials and Operando Characterization (Global Challenges 8/2024) 光电催化制氢：材料和操作表征方面的最新进展（全球挑战 8/2024）

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202470088

Mohammed Ahmed Zabara, Burak Ölmez, Merve Buldu-Akturk, Begüm Yarar Kaplan, Ahmet Can Kırlıoğlu, Selmiye Alkan Gürsel, Mihrimah Ozkan, Cengiz Sinan Ozkan, Alp Yürüm

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Masthead: (Global Challenges 8/2024) 刊头：（全球挑战 8/2024）

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202470089

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Food Waste Governance Architectures in Europe: Actors, Steering Modes, and Harmonization Trends 欧洲的食物垃圾治理结构：参与者、指导模式和协调趋势

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300265

Julia Szulecka, Carrie Bradshaw, Ludovica Principato

{"title":"Food Waste Governance Architectures in Europe: Actors, Steering Modes, and Harmonization Trends","authors":"Julia Szulecka, Carrie Bradshaw, Ludovica Principato","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300265","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300265","url":null,"abstract":"The scale of food waste across Europe is alarming, and its reduction is becoming an important public policy and governance issue. Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3 constitutes a global attempt to galvanize system-level reductions. In response, layers of varied regulation and governance at regional and national levels have emerged. This paper studies the types of governance architectures visible across Europe, what policy interventions they bring, and whether responses to the food waste challenge are converging. It looks at four leading food waste jurisdictions—France, England, Norway, and Italy—and investigates the hidden realities obscured by the simplistic division of legislative/top-down versus voluntary/bottom-up approaches. It applies a governance matrix to understand the variety of food waste “steering modes”, exploring both the extent to which a regime is hierarchical and/or non-hierarchical and why. Notably, the paper also identifies some general tendencies in food waste governance, including legislative threats, challenges in distributing responsibility across the actors, focus on “low hanging fruits”, and an overall harmonization of policy responses in a neoliberal paradigm, with redistribution often pursued as a panacea for the food waste crisis.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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High Pressure Extraction as a Green Alternative to the Conventional Sunflower Oil (Helianthus annuus) Production Process – Extraction with Pressurized Ethanol in an Intermittent Process and with Supercritical Fluid 高压萃取作为传统向日葵油（Helianthus annuus）生产工艺的绿色替代品--在间歇工艺中使用加压乙醇和超临界流体进行萃取

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300335

Carolina Medeiros Vicentini-Polette, Beatriz Satie Yamada, Paulo Rodolfo Ramos, Marta Gomes da Silva, Alessandra Lopes de Oliveira

{"title":"High Pressure Extraction as a Green Alternative to the Conventional Sunflower Oil (Helianthus annuus) Production Process – Extraction with Pressurized Ethanol in an Intermittent Process and with Supercritical Fluid","authors":"Carolina Medeiros Vicentini-Polette, Beatriz Satie Yamada, Paulo Rodolfo Ramos, Marta Gomes da Silva, Alessandra Lopes de Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300335","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300335","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores green-technology alternatives to extract vegetable oils as alternatives to hexane, a non-renewable solvent, focussing on sunflower oil. It compares pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ethanol and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2. Both processes aim to maximize oil yield, tocopherol content (α, β, γ, and δ), fatty acid profile (FA), and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition. Results show that SFE at 32 MPa achieves an 87.58% oil recovery, while PLE at 84 °C achieves 93.93%. PLE with ethanol extracts polar minority compounds along with the oil due to its higher temperature, favoring extraction. The total tocopherol content is 91.17 mg/100 g of oil in optimized SFE conditions, with α-tocopherol extraction influenced by temperature, γ and δ-tocopherol by pressure. PLE yields 83.16 mg/100 g of oil in tocopherols influenced less by process variables. The fatty acid (FA) profile do not vary in the oils obtained from different processes or based on the variables within each process, with linoleic and oleic acids being the most abundant. Similarly, triacylglycerols (TAGs) C54:5 and C54:6 are predominant. The optimization of SFE and PLE processes indicates a strong potential for using green solvents in the extraction of tocopherol-rich sunflower oil.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Structural, Functional, and Bioactive Properties of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Skipjack Tuna Skin as a Function of Drying Techniques 鲣鱼皮硫酸化多糖的结构、功能和生物活性特性与干燥技术的关系

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400083

Shahab Naghdi, Masoud Rezaei, Mehdi Alboofetileh, Mehdi Tabarsa, Mehdi Abdollahi, Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam

{"title":"Structural, Functional, and Bioactive Properties of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Skipjack Tuna Skin as a Function of Drying Techniques","authors":"Shahab Naghdi, Masoud Rezaei, Mehdi Alboofetileh, Mehdi Tabarsa, Mehdi Abdollahi, Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400083","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to investigate the impact of various drying techniques on the quality of sulfated polysaccharides (SP) extracted from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) skin. Three drying methods, namely microwave drying (M-KPP), freeze-drying (F-KPP), and hot air drying (HA-KPP), are examined. The chemical and monosaccharide compositions of SP are significantly affected by the drying methods. The extraction yields for M-KPP, F-KPP, and HA-KPP are 3.30%, 3.11%, and 2.50%, respectively (P < 0.05). Additionally, HA-KPP, with 10.67% moisture content, exhibits the lowest moisture level among the dried samples (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the structural properties of SP remain consistent across different drying methods, as indicated by FTIR, XRD, and DSC analyses. F-KPP demonstrates the highest antioxidant properties. The functional and antimicrobial activities of SP are significantly influenced by the drying technique, with hot air drying resulting in increased foaming capacity and microwave drying showing enhanced antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that the functionality and bioactivity of SP from tuna skin are greatly influenced by the drying technique employed, suggesting that the selection of the optimal method should be tailored to the desired properties of the SPs and given careful consideration.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202400083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Rosemary-Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and their Integration into Hydrogel Matrices: Evaluating Effects on Wheat Growth and Antibacterial Properties 迷迭香介导的氧化锌纳米粒子的绿色合成及其与水凝胶基质的整合：评估对小麦生长和抗菌特性的影响

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400120

Yağmur Uysal, Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu, Zehranur Çaylali, Delil Sefkan Karakulak

{"title":"Rosemary-Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and their Integration into Hydrogel Matrices: Evaluating Effects on Wheat Growth and Antibacterial Properties","authors":"Yağmur Uysal, Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu, Zehranur Çaylali, Delil Sefkan Karakulak","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400120","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) generated using rosemary extract, synthesized using environmentally friendly processes and integrated into a cross-linked polymer matrix, on growth performance of wheat is evaluated. Rosemary extract used as coating, stabilizing, and reducing agents in this green synthesis method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the presence of phytochemical constituents of the plant extract that served as capping agents during the synthesis process. The nanoparticles are sprayed to the plant leaves. The effects of nanoparticles within the hydrogel on plant development are compared with the effects of nanoparticles in suspension. The percentage of seed germination is unaffected by either rosemary- or raw-ZnO-NPs; however, the root and shoot elongation are considerably impacted by the nanoparticle treatments. The threshold concentrations are determined as 3000 mg L−1 for rosemary-ZnO-NPs and 2000 mg L−1 for raw-ZnO-NPs. Additionally, antibacterial test results showed that the activity level on Escherichia coli is higher for rosemary-ZnO-NPs compared to raw-ZnO-NPs. The results of this research may provide guidance on how green synthesis methods and the use of nanoparticle-hydrogel composites in plant breeding can be used in future agricultural applications. This can be considered an important step in terms of agricultural innovations and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202400120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetically Separable Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO–Ag Composite Photocatalyst 磁分离型 Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO-Ag 复合光催化剂的合成、表征和光催化活性

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400093

Hakan Kiziltas, Taner Tekin, Derya Birhan, Derya Tekin

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetically Separable Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO–Ag Composite Photocatalyst","authors":"Hakan Kiziltas, Taner Tekin, Derya Birhan, Derya Tekin","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202400093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202400093","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetically separable Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO, and Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO–Ag composites are synthesized using hydrothermal and wet chemistry methods. The samples obtained are characterized in terms of morphology, composition, optical, and magnetic properties using TEM, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, VSM, XPS, and UV–vis, and the photodegradation of Acid Blue 161 dye under UV irradiation is investigated. As a result of SEM and TEM analyses, the diameters of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO, and Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO–Ag composites are determined as 210, 220, 230 and 235 nm, respectively. The magnetic properties of the samples are determined by VSM analysis. In VSM analyses, magnetization saturation values of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO, and Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO–Ag composites are determined as 81, 64, 41 and 20 emus × g−1, respectively. In XRD analysis, the face-centered cubic structure of Fe3O4 particles and the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO are determined and it is determined that they are compatible with standard diffraction cards. According to UV–Vis analysis, Eg values for Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO, and Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO–Ag composites are found as 1.3, 1.68, 2.21, and 2.15 eV, respectively. Among the photocatalysts prepared, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO–Ag composite Acid Blue 161 shows superior removal and recyclability against photodegradation of the dyestuff.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202400093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Assessing the Environmental Benefits of Extending the Service Lifetime of Solar Photovoltaic Modules 评估延长太阳能光伏组件使用寿命的环境效益

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300245

Ahmed Burak Paç, Abdulkerim Gok

{"title":"Assessing the Environmental Benefits of Extending the Service Lifetime of Solar Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"Ahmed Burak Paç, Abdulkerim Gok","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gch2.202300245","url":null,"abstract":"Requiring no fuel for generation and negligible material/energy for operation and maintenance, photovoltaic (PV) systems have environmental impacts mostly due to the production of modules and the commissioning of power plants. Thus, extending the service lifetime of these systems from 30 to 40 years through an enhanced lamination process for module production potentially reduces environmental impacts per unit energy generated. Life cycle assessment is employed to evaluate the environmental impacts under scenarios for resource utilizations for the new lamination process, operation and maintenance requirements in the extended service lifetime, and degradation rates of the devised modules. Extending the service lifetime significantly reduces environmental impacts across categories, with a 21–27% reduction in global warming potential on the pessimistic and optimistic ends. At least 20% impact reduction is achieved in most impact categories, even under a pessimistic scenario. Considering uncertainty models in the life cycle inventories, samples are generated for scenarios via Monte Carlo simulation, and with significant improvements with large effects in most environmental impact categories, deterministic impact comparisons are supported by ANOVA and Tukey tests. Production strategies for more durable and reliable PV modules have a significant potential in contributing to global sustainability efforts.","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Harnessing Fungi Signaling in Living Composites 在活体复合材料中利用真菌信号传导

IF 4.4 4区综合性期刊

Global Challenges Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202400104

Sarah Schyck, Pietro Marchese, Muhamad Amani, Mark Ablonczy, Linde Spoelstra, Mitchell Jones, Yaren Bathaei, Alexander Bismarck, Kunal Masania

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