Sustainable Hydrogen Production, a Review of Methods, Types, Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Hydrogen is promising as an innovative energy vector beyond its conventional role and receiving international identification as a feasible fuel source. This review provides a concise examination of current advances in hydrogen production techniques employing renewable and conventional energy sources, as well as important difficulties in hydrogen production. Wind and solar are the two most promising sustainable energy sources for hydrogen manufacturing. The hydrogen production from renewable sources generated from undeveloped or other waste flows increases the affordability and flexibility of semi-centralized and distributed reforming while emitting no net or fewer greenhouse gases. Water electrolysis apparatus powered by wind energy or off-grid solar can also used in distant places away from the framework. Every hydrogen-producing technology presents technological obstacles. These obstacles include conversion efficiency, feedstock type, and the requirement to safely integrate the production of hydrogen systems with storage and purification technology.