Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Disruption of structural connectome hierarchy in age-related hearing loss.","authors":"Yi Zhen, Hongwei Zheng, Yi Zheng, Zhiming Zheng, Yaqian Yang, Shaoting Tang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1555553","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1555553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common sensory disability among older adults and is considered a risk factor for the development of dementia. Previous work has shown altered brain connectome topology in ARHL, including abnormal nodal strength and clustering coefficient. However, whether ARHL affects the hierarchical organization of structural connectome and how these alterations relate to transcriptomic signatures remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we apply a gradient mapping framework to the structural connectome derived from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. We focus on the first three structural gradients that reflect distinct hierarchical organization of structural connectome, and assess ARHL-related changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that, compared to controls, ARHL patients exhibit widespread disruptions of structural connectome organization, spanning from primary sensory areas (e.g., somatomotor network) to high-order association areas (e.g., default mode network). Subsequently, by employing subcortical-weighted gradients derived from weighting cortical gradients by subcortical-cortical connectivity, we observe that ARHL patients show significantly altered subcortical-cortical connectivity in the left caudate, left nucleus accumbens, right hippocampus, and right amygdala. Finally, we investigate the relationship between gene expression and alterations in structural gradients. We observe that these alterations in structural gradients are associated with weighted gene expression profiles, with relevant genes preferentially enriched for inorganic ion transmembrane transport and terms related to regulating biological processes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Taken together, these findings highlight that ARHL is associated with abnormal structural connectome hierarchy and reveal the transcriptomic relevance of these abnormalities, contributing to a richer understanding of the neurobiological substrates in ARHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1555553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic overlap between multi-site chronic pain and cognition: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis.","authors":"Yanjing Chen, Jiankai Deng, Zhiyi Zhang, Chenlin Wang, Xuegao Yu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1466278","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1466278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different studies have consistently demonstrated a positive correlation between chronic pain and cognitive changes. This study aimed to explore the genetic factors underlying the relationship between chronic pain and cognitive traits, and to investigate whether an inherent causal connection exists between them.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The genetic contributions of chronic multi-site pain and eight cognitive traits were investigated based on Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was employed to assess the genetic correlations between each pair of traits. The shared genetic components of these traits were investigated by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with pleiotropic effects using the Cross Phenotype Association (CPASSOC) method. Furthermore, enrichment analysis and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) were performed to characterize the significant associations between genetic traits. The latent causal variable model (LCV) was employed to explore the potential causal relationship between both traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant negative genetic correlation was found between chronic pain and several cognitive functions, particularly intelligence (rg = -0. 11, <i>p</i> = 7.77 × 10^-64). CPASSOC identified 150 pleiotropic loci. A co-localization analysis was conducted, which identified 20 loci exhibiting pleiotropic effects at the same genomic position. The LCV analysis indicated no causal relationship between both traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present work contributed to an enhanced understanding of the complex genetic interplay between cognitive function and chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1466278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleiotropic neurotransmitters: neurotransmitter-receptor crosstalk regulates excitation-inhibition balance in social brain functions and pathologies.","authors":"Anping Chai","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1552145","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1552145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance is essential for maintaining neuronal stability and proper brain functioning. Disruptions in this balance are implicated in various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and epilepsy. The E/I balance is thought to be primarily mediated by intrinsic excitability, governed by an array of voltage-gated ion channels, and extrinsic excitability, maintained through a counterbalance between excitatory synaptic transmission primarily mediated by excitatory transmitter glutamate acting on excitatory ion-tropic glutamate receptors and inhibitory synaptic transmissions chiefly mediated by GABA or glycine acting on their respective inhibitory ion-tropic receptors. However, recent studies reveal that neurotransmitters can exhibit interactions that extend beyond their traditional targets, leading to a phenomenon called neurotransmitter-receptor crosstalk. Examples of such crosstalks include earlier discovery of inhibitory glycine functioning as co-transmitter gating on the NMDA subtype of excitatory glutamate receptor, and the most recent demonstration that shows the excitatory glutamate transmitter binds to the inhibitory GABAA receptor, thereby allosterically potentiating its inhibitory function. These studies demonstrate structurally and physiologically important crosstalk between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, blurring the distinction between the concepts of classic excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. In this article, evidence supporting the forms of excitatory and inhibitory crosstalks will be briefly summarized and their underlying mechanisms will be discussed. Furthermore, this review will discuss the implications of these crosstalks in maintaining the E/I balance, as well as their potential involvement in synaptic plasticity and cognition in the context of social conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1552145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding speech in \"noise\" or free energy minimization in the soundscapes of the anthropocene.","authors":"Daniel J Strauss, Alexander L Francis, Zeinab Schäfer, Matthias Latzel, Farah I Corona-Strauss, Stefan Launer","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1534425","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1534425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listening to speech in the presence of irrelevant sounds is ubiquitous in the modern world, but is generally acknowledged to be both effortful and unpleasant. Here we argue that this problem arises largely in circumstances that our human auditory system has not evolved to accommodate. The soundscapes of the Anthropocene are frequently characterized by an overabundance of sound sources, the vast majority of which are functionally irrelevant to a given listener. The problem of listening to speech in such environments must be solved by an auditory system that is not optimized for this task. Building on our previous work linking attention to effortful listening and incorporating an active inference approach, we argue that the answers to these questions have implications not just for the study of human audition. They are also significant for the development and broad awareness of hearing aids and cochlear implants, as well as other auditory technologies such as earbuds, immersive auditory environments, and systems for human-machine interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1534425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial (mis)match between EEG and fMRI signal patterns revealed by spatio-spectral source-space EEG decomposition.","authors":"Stanislav Jiricek, Vlastimil Koudelka, Dante Mantini, Radek Marecek, Jaroslav Hlinka","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1549172","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1549172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to directly compare electroencephalography (EEG) whole-brain patterns of neural dynamics with concurrently measured fMRI BOLD data. To achieve this, we aim to derive EEG patterns based on a spatio-spectral decomposition of band-limited EEG power in the source-reconstructed space. In a large dataset of 72 subjects undergoing resting-state hdEEG-fMRI, we demonstrated that the proposed approach is reliable in terms of both the extracted patterns as well as their spatial BOLD signatures. The five most robust EEG spatio-spectral patterns not only include the well-known occipital alpha power dynamics, ensuring consistency with established findings, but also reveal additional patterns, uncovering new insights into brain activity. We report and interpret the most reproducible source-space EEG-fMRI patterns, along with the corresponding EEG electrode-space patterns, which are better known from the literature. The EEG spatio-spectral patterns show weak, yet statistically significant spatial similarity to their functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signatures, particularly in the patterns that exhibit stronger temporal synchronization with BOLD. However, we did not observe a statistically significant relationship between the EEG spatio-spectral patterns and the classical fMRI BOLD resting-state networks (as identified through independent component analysis), tested as the similarity between their temporal synchronization and spatial overlap. This provides evidence that both EEG (frequency-specific) power and the BOLD signal capture reproducible spatio-temporal patterns of neural dynamics. Instead of being mutually redundant, these only partially overlap, providing largely complementary information regarding the underlying low-frequency dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1549172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DYRK1A roles in human neural progenitors.","authors":"Jeremie Courraud, Angélique Quartier, Nathalie Drouot, Irene Zapata-Bodalo, Johan Gilet, Alexandra Benchoua, Jean-Louis Mandel, Amélie Piton","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1533253","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1533253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mutations in <i>dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A</i> (DYRK1A) represent one of the most prevalent monogenic causes of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), often associated with intellectual developmental disorder and autism spectrum disorder. DYRK1A encodes a dual-specificity kinase (tyrosine and serine/threonine) that plays a key role in various cellular processes and is a critical regulator of nervous system development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For the first time, we have characterized the DYRK1A interactome and study the consequences of DYRK1A depletion in human neural stem cells (hNSCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 35 protein partners of DYRK1A involved in essential pathways such as cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. Notably, five of these interactors are components of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), and one is an additional ubiquitin ligase, RNF114 (also known as ZNF313), which is known to target p21. Many of these identified partners are also linked to other human NDDs, and several others (e.g., DCAF7 and GSPT1) may represent novel candidate genes for NDDs. DYRK1A knockdown (KD) in hNSCs using siRNA revealed changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in extracellular matrix composition and calcium binding (e.g., collagens, TGFβ2 and UNC13A). While the majority of genes were downregulated following DYRK1A depletion, we observed an upregulation of early growth factors (EGR1 and EGR3), as well as E2F2 and its downstream targets. In addition, DYRK1A-KD led to a reduction in p21 protein levels, despite an increase in the expression of a minor transcript variant for this gene, and a decrease in ERK pathway activation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together, the DYRK1A interactome in hNSCs and the gene expression changes induced by its depletion highlight the significant role of DYRK1A in regulating hNSC proliferation. Although the effects on various growth signaling pathways may appear contradictory, the overall impact is a marked reduction in hNSC proliferation. This research underscores the pivotal role of DYRK1A in neurodevelopment and identifies, among DYRK1A's protein partners and differentially expressed genes, potential novel candidate genes for NDDs and promising therapeutic targets for DYRK1A syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1533253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential cognitive functioning in the digital clock drawing test in AD-MCI and PD-MCI populations.","authors":"Chen Wang, Kai Li, Shouqiang Huang, Jiakang Liu, Shuwu Li, Yuting Tu, Bo Wang, Pengpeng Zhang, Yuntian Luo, Tong Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1558448","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1558448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but there are differences in pathogenesis and cognitive performance between Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD-MCI) and Parkinson's disease with Mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) populations. Studies have shown that assessments based on the digital clock drawing test (dCDT) can effectively reflect cognitive deficits. Based on this, we proposed the following research hypothesis: there is a difference in cognitive functioning between AD-MCI and PD-MCI populations in the CDT, and the two populations can be effectively distinguished based on this feature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To test this hypothesis, we designed the dCDT to extract digital biomarkers that can characterize and quantify cognitive function differences between AD-MCI and PD-MCI populations. We enrolled a total of 40 AD-MCI patients, 40 PD-MCI patients, 41 PD with normal cognition (PD-NC) patients and 40 normal cognition (NC) controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through a cross-sectional study, we revealed a difference in cognitive function between AD-MCI and PD-MCI populations in the dCDT, which distinguished AD-MCI from PD-MCI patients, the area under the roc curve (AUC) = 0.923, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.866-0.983. The AUC for effective differentiation between AD-MCI and PD-MCI patients with high education (≥12 years of education) was 0.968, CI = 0.927-1.000. By correlation analysis, we found that the overall plotting of task performance score (<i>VFDB</i> ₁) correlated with the [visuospatial/executive] subtest score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [R] = 0.472, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dCDT is a tool that can rapidly and accurately characterize and quantify differences in cognitive functioning in AD-MCI and PD-MCI populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1558448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep links hippocampal propensity for epileptiform activity to its viscerosensory inputs.","authors":"Ekaterina Levichkina, David B Grayden, Steven Petrou, Mark J Cook, Trichur R Vidyasagar","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1559529","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1559529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of a seizure relies on two factors. One is the existence of an overexcitable neuronal network and the other is a trigger that switches normal activity of that network into a paroxysmal state. While mechanisms of local overexcitation have been the focus of many studies, the process of triggering remains poorly understood. We suggest that, apart from the known exteroceptive sources of reflex epilepsy such as visual, auditory or olfactory signals, there is a range of interoceptive triggers, which are relevant for seizure development in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). The hypothesis proposed here aims to explain the prevalence of epileptic activity in sleep and in drowsiness states and to provide a detailed mechanism of seizures triggered by interoceptive signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1559529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling the possibility of extracting a brain digital fingerprint based on personal hobbies predilection.","authors":"Cristina Andronache, Dan Curǎvale, Irina E Nicolae, Ana A Neacşu, Georgian Nicolae, Mihai Ivanovici","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1487175","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1487175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an attempt to create a more familiar brain-machine interaction for biometric authentication applications, we investigated the efficiency of using the users' personal hobbies, interests, and memory collections. This approach creates a unique and pleasant experience that can be later utilized within an authentication protocol. This paper presents a new EEG dataset recorded while subjects watch images of popular hobbies, pictures with no point of interest and images with great personal significance. In addition, we propose several applications that can be tackled with our newly collected dataset. Namely, our study showcases 4 types of applications and we obtain state-of-the-art level results for all of them. The tackled tasks are: emotion classification, category classification, authorization process, and person identification. Our experiments show great potential for using EEG response to hobby visualization for people authentication. In our study, we show preliminary results for using predilection for personal hobbies, as measured by EEG, for identifying people. Also, we propose a novel authorization process paradigm using electroencephalograms. Code and dataset are available <i>here</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1487175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct brain activity patterns associated with traditional Chinese medicine syndromes: a task-fMRI study of mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Zhaoying Li, Shanyu Liu, Yuling Shen, Huan Zhao, Zhenwei Chen, Rui Tan, Zhuoling Li, Ling Quan, Dongdong Yang, Min Shi","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1555365","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1555365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abnormalities in brain activity patterns during episodic memory tasks have been inconsistently reported in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This study applied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation to categorize aMCI patients into distinct subgroups, aiming to clarify the neural mechanisms underlying their cognitive profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included aMCI patients categorized into the turbid phlegm clouding the orifices (PCO) or spleen-kidney deficiency (SKD) syndrome subgroups, alongside cognitively normal controls (NC) matched for age and gender. Neuropsychological assessments were performed, and fMRI scans were acquired during an episodic memory task involving the recognition of new and old vocabulary. Brain activity across different stages of episodic memory was analyzed using SPM12 and DPABI 7.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 57 aMCI patients (34 with SKD and 23 with PCO) and 54 healthy controls were involved in the final task-based fMRI analysis. Compared with the NC group, the PCO group exhibited increased brain activation during both encoding and retrieval phases, primarily involving the prefrontal cortex and occipital lobe. Compared with the SKD group, the PCO group demonstrated the elevated activation in the right central sulcus and right insula during the encoding phase. Correlation analysis indicated a specific association between PCO symptom scores and insula activation. No statistically significant differences were found between the SKD and NC groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Distinct patterns of fMRI brain activity found in aMCI patients with PCO and SKD syndromes during episodic memory tasks suggest differing neural mechanisms that may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of aMCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1555365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}