Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Efficient implementation of the Hodgkin-Huxley potassium channel via a single volatile memristor.","authors":"Lennart P L Landsmeer, Erbing Hua, Heba Abunahla, Muhammad Ali Siddiqi, Ryoichi Ishihara, Chris I De Zeeuw, Said Hamdioui, Christos Strydis","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1569397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1569397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2012, potassium and sodium ion channels in Hodgkin-Huxley-based brain models were shown to exhibit memristive behavior. This positioned memristors as strong candidates for implementing biologically accurate artificial neurons. Memristor-based brain simulations offer advantages in energy efficiency, scalability, and compactness, benefiting fields such as soft robotics, embedded systems, and neuroprosthetics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Previous approaches used current-controlled Mott memristors, which poorly matched the voltage-controlled nature of ion channels. This study employs volatile, oxide-based memristors that leverage electric-field-driven oxygen-vacancy migration to emulate voltage-dependent channel behavior. We selected candidate WOx and NbOx memristors and modeled their dynamics to verify performance as Hodgkin-Huxley potassium channels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The device exhibits sigmoidal gating and voltage-dependent time constants consistent with the theoretical model. By scaling the passive circuitry around the memristors, we show that they capture the essential mechanisms of potassium ion-channels, although spike height is reduced due to strong non-linear voltage-dependence. Still, by cascading multiple compartments, typical spike propagation is retained.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This is the first demonstration of a voltage-controlled memristor replicating the Hodgkin-Huxley potassium channel, validating its potential for more efficient brain simulation hardware.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1569397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REGAIN: a randomized controlled clinical trial of oxaloacetate for improving the symptoms of long COVID.","authors":"Suzanne D Vernon, Candace Rond, Jennifer Bell, Brindisi Butler, Sara Isolampi, Annaleah Otteson, Pearl Phalwane, Samantha Mower, Shad Roundy, David L Kaufman, Alan B Cash, Lucinda Bateman","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1627462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1627462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long COVID is characterized by fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other persistent symptoms. This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of oral oxaloacetate (OAA) in improving fatigue and cognitive function in adults with long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 69 participants were randomized to receive either 2,000 mg/day of OAA or the control for 42 days. The primary outcome was fatigue reduction, measured by the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). The secondary and exploratory outcomes included the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire Short Form (DSQ-SF), health-related quality of life (RAND-36), cognitive function (Defense Automated Neurobehavioral Assessment (DANA) Brain Vital), and time upright (UP Time).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference in the CFQ-measured fatigue reduction was observed between the groups. However, the OAA group showed significantly greater improvements in the DSQ-SF-measured fatigue and total symptom burden at day 21 of the trial. Cognitive performance improved significantly in the OAA group, with strong correlations between symptom response and cognitive gains. OAA was well tolerated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OAA may contribute to earlier improvements in symptom burden and cognitive function in individuals with long COVID. Further studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1627462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Inhibition of miR-20a promotes neural stem cell survival under oxidative stress conditions.","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1655293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1655293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1601101.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1655293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Personalized preictal EEG pattern characterization: do timing and localization matter?","authors":"Galya Segal, Noam Keidar, Moshe Herskovitz, Yael Yaniv","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1645680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1645680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1526963.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1645680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal closed-loop strategies for gait recovery after spinal cord injury and stroke via the integration of robotics and neuromodulation.","authors":"Valeria de Seta, Simone Romeni","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1569148","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1569148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Restoring the ability to walk is a priority for individuals with neurological disorders or neurotraumatic injuries, given its significant impact on independence and quality of life. Multimodal closed-loop strategies that integrate robotic assistance and neuromodulation present promising avenues for personalized and physiological gait recovery. These approaches capitalize on residual motor activity, fostering neuroplasticity and motor relearning. This narrative review emphasizes the importance of mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) for guiding the development of closed-loop systems that integrate volitional brain signals with residual motor activity in stroke and spinal cord injury patients. We explore the potential of rehabilitative and assistive interventional strategies based on robotic devices, such as exoskeletons and powered orthoses, and neuromodulation techniques like functional electrical stimulation and spinal cord stimulation. We highlight the limitations of the single interventional strategies and the potential of the synergistic combination of MoBI, robotics, and neuromodulation for gait recovery. By leveraging residual motor functions and integrating multimodal data from the different domains involved in motor recovery (i.e., brain, muscle, and biomechanics), the complementarity of these interventional strategies has the potential to enable dynamic patient-specific interventions. We outline a perspective framework on how future directions can exploit such integration to promote physiological recovery of lower limb functions and personalized therapies that are both challenging and feasible. Advancing along this path holds the promise of enhancing rehabilitative strategies, ultimately promoting functional recovery and long-term independence for individuals with neuromotor disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1569148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12310727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial peptidoglycan levels have brain area, time of day, and sleep loss-induced fluctuations.","authors":"Erika L English, James M Krueger","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1608302","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1608302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep-inducing bacterial cell wall components isolated from brain and urine of sleep deprived animals were identified as peptidoglycan (PG) and muropeptides in the 1980s. Following host detection of PG/muropeptides, downstream signaling mechanisms include release of effector molecules, e.g., cytokines involved in sleep regulation. Understanding of physiological brain PG changes has remained limited, in part due to the historic difficulties of PG quantitation. Herein, we report murine brain PG levels in multiple brain areas within the context of animals' rest-wake cycles and after sleep loss. Significant time-of-day changes in brain PG levels occurred in all brain areas; lowest levels occurred during the transition from rest to wake periods, at zeitgeber time 12 (ZT12). Highest levels of PG were in brainstem while olfactory bulb, hypothalamic, and cortical PG levels were lower. After 3 h of sleep disruption, PG levels increased in the somatosensory cortex, but decreased in brainstem, and hypothalamus. After 6 h of sleep disruption, PG increased in the brainstem and olfactory bulb compared to control levels. Further, RNA-seq analyses of somatosensory cortical tissue was used to assess sleep loss-dependent changes in genes previously linked to PG. Multiple PG-related genes had altered expression with sleep loss including PG binding and signaling molecules, e.g., Pglyrp1 and Nfil3. In summary, brain PG levels were dependent on time of day, brain area, and sleep history. Further, sleep loss altered brain gene expression for PG-linked genes. Collectively, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that microbe-host symbiotic interactions are involved in murine sleep regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1608302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of rs440446 in the APOE intron region with multidimensional cognitive function, lipid/metabolic markers, and spontaneous neural activity in Chinese urban community-dwelling older adults.","authors":"Zhiyuan Wang, Hongyu Guo, Jianshuai Li, Xuejie Hu, Xin Li, Jinping Sun","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1629254","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1629254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>rs440446 (+ 113G/C), located in the intron of the APOE gene, has unclear effects on cognition, blood lipids, metabolic markers, and neural activity in older Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 505 older adults from communities in Qingdao were enrolled and categorized into C-allele carriers (<i>n</i> = 451) and GG homozygotes (<i>n</i> = 54) based on the sequencing result. Neuropsychological tests, lipid/metabolic markers (<i>n</i> = 326), and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data (<i>n</i> = 216) were collected. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess associations between rs440446 and cognitive performance, lipids, and metabolic indicators. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, gender, and APOE ε4 status were conducted, along with interaction tests. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance sample sizes in the rs-fMRI subgroup. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was used to evaluate differences in spontaneous neural activity, and Pearson correlations were calculated between fALFF values and cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rs440446 GG homozygotes were associated with poorer language function. This association was consistently observed in female, ≥ 60 years old, and APOE ε4 non-carrier subgroups. However, no significant relationship was found between the GG genotype and lipid or metabolic markers. In fALFF analysis, GG homozygotes exhibited decreased spontaneous neural activity in the left middle occipital gyrus (MOG.L) and right cuneus (CUN.R), while showing increased activity in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG.R) and left fusiform gyrus (FFG.L). Additionally, fALFF values in the CUN.R were positively correlated with attention, whereas fALFF values in the STG.R were negatively correlated with memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>rs440446 GG homozygote may be associated with alterations in language function and spontaneous neural activity among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1629254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior insular cortex glutamate-glutamine (Glx) levels predict general psychopathology via heightened error sensitivity.","authors":"Haeorum Park, Minchul Kim, Jaejoong Kim, Sunghwan Kim, Bumseok Jeong","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1592015","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1592015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The anterior insular cortex (AIC) integrates interoceptive, cognitive-emotional, and error-monitoring signals, and is consistently hyperactive in anxiety and depression. Converging evidence links elevated glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in fronto-insular regions to stress reactivity; however, it is unknown whether AIC Glx relates to a transdiagnostic general psychopathology factor (G-score) or to the tendency to overweight prediction errors during learning. We therefore combined functional MRS (fMRS) with reinforcement-learning modeling to test whether (i) baseline AIC Glx predicts the G-score derived from bifactor analysis of PHQ-9, GAD-7, and STAI-X1, and (ii) task-evoked Glx changes track individual differences in error sensitivity during gain- and loss-based learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-six healthy adults (22 ± 2 yr, 16 women) completed the questionnaires and performed a two-armed bandit task (40 loss then 40 gain trials) while single-voxel semi-LASER spectra were acquired from AIC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at rest and during each block. Six Rescorla-Wagner variants were fitted to the choices; the best model (based on the lowest LOOIC) included error sensitivity, decision temperature, and value decay. Glx (CRLB < 20%) was quantified using LCModel and analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni-corrected correlations; mediation was assessed using Baron-Kenny steps (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline AIC Glx correlated with the G-score (<i>r</i> = 0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and with error sensitivity for gains and losses (<i>r</i>≈0.41-0.44, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.005); mPFC Glx showed no such relations. AIC Glx fell during gain learning (-2.21%, <i>p</i> = 0.034) and remained low post-task, whereas mPFC Glx was unchanged. Error sensitivity fully mediated the AIC-Glx/G-score link; associations were specific to Glx, not other metabolites.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Higher excitatory tone in the AIC appears to enlarge prediction-error weighting, which in turn amplifies a shared anxiety-depression dimension. Dynamic Glx reductions during reward learning suggest acute metabolic demand superimposed on a trait-like baseline that biaes cognition. Targeting insular glutamatergic function-pharmacologically or via neuromodulation-may therefore mitigate maladaptive error processing that underlies internalizing psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1592015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study assessing the clinical utility of deep learning-reconstructed 3D-echo-planar-imaging-based quantitative susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Dimitrios G Gkotsoulias, Matthias Weigel, Alessandro Cagol, Nina de Oliveira Soares Siebenborn, Esther Ruberte, Josef Pfeuffer, Cristina Granziera","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1544376","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1544376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has emerged as a promising paraclinical tool in multiple sclerosis (MS). This retrospective pilot study aims to evaluate whether a recently proposed deep learning-assisted, k-space-operating reconstruction, denoising and super-resolution technique (DLR) applied on 3D-echo-planar-imaging (3DEPI) protocols, has the potential to improve the quality and clinical utility of QSM in MS, at 3T. Secondarily, we assess whether applying DLR vs. a conventional reconstruction (CR) can improve the quality of QSM based on noise-susceptible, fast 3DEPI protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>3T MRI 3DEPI-data were acquired on seven MS patients and offline-reconstructed using CR and DLR. <i>A sample size of 433 lesions was identified, based on</i> FLAIR segmentation. Two experts, independently and method-blinded, rated lesion-wise the CR- and DLR-3DEPI-derived QSM, assessing the confidence in identifying paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs), central vein sign (CVS), QSM hyper/isointense lesions and image quality. Gradient-recalled-echo (GRE), 2- and 1-average 3DEPI (acquisition time: 7:02, 3:44, and 1:56 min, respectively) from a healthy individual were offline-reconstructed using CR and DLR. Derived QSM maps were compared visually and quantitatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deep learning reconstruction-3DEPI-based QSM was rated significantly higher for the confidence in identification of the MS-specific biomarkers (hyper/isointense lesions: <i>P</i> < 0.001, CVS: <i>P</i> = 0.01) and overall image quality (<i>P</i> < 0.001), compared to CR-3DEPI-based. Inter-method agreement was high for both raters (Cohen's κ = 0.98/0.92), suggesting that DLR improves the quality without changing the rater's perception of the individual QSM-related clinical findings. Additionally, QSM derived from fast DLR-3DEPI with a fourfold acquisition-time reduction compared to GRE, exhibited excellent visual and quantitative consistency with GRE-based QSM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results constitute a first demonstration of the enhanced quality and clinical utility of the DLR-3DEPI-based QSM in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1544376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on immunometabolism and gut microbiota in cryptococcal meningitis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Sha Wen, Mu Liu, Chengyu Pan, Linhai Zhang, Rong Yan, Zucai Xu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1622349","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1622349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a fatal central nervous system infection caused by <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> breaching the blood-brain barrier (BBB), carrying a mortality rate approaching 100% in untreated individuals, while even survivors following treatment often experience neurological complications including optic nerve atrophy, memory impairment, hydrocephalus, and motor dysfunction. Current research has yet to fully elucidate the complex pathological mechanisms of CM, particularly leaving a significant gap in the systemic analysis within the dynamic interaction network of immunity, metabolism, and the gut microbiota. This article systematically integrates the interplay of immune responses, metabolic reprogramming, and the gut microbiome to reveal the pathogenesis of CM across multiple dimensions: in immune regulation, the phagocytic-inflammatory equilibrium in macrophages and CD4 + T cells defends against pathogen invasion, but hyperactivated immune responses may damage the BBB and exacerbate neural injury; metabolically, host iron overload induces ferroptosis, disrupting the BBB via lipid peroxidation, while inositol metabolism provides substrates for cryptococcal capsular synthesis, enhancing its virulence and promoting CNS invasion; the gut microbiota, meanwhile, modulates immune homeostasis via the \"gut-brain axis,\" with its metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) enhancing BBB integrity and suppressing neuroinflammation through immunomodulation. We propose a combined therapeutic strategy of \"immunomodulators + metabolic inhibitors + microbiota intervention,\" moving beyond traditional single-factor research paradigms to establish a multi-omics integrated framework for the precise treatment of CM-spanning molecular mechanisms to clinical translation-and propelling the field of neuroinfectious diseases towards a host-pathogen-microenvironment systemic regulation paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1622349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}