Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Beyond fur color: differences in socio-emotional behavior and the oxytocin system between male BL6 and CD1 mice in adolescence and adulthood.","authors":"Katharina Gryksa, Theresa Schäfer, Franziska Gareis, Elena Fuchs, Melanie Royer, Anna K Schmidtner, Anna Bludau, Inga D Neumann","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1493619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1493619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of stress-related psychopathologies, often associated with socio-emotional dysfunctions, is crucially determined by genetic and environmental factors, which shape the individual vulnerability or resilience to stress. Especially early adolescence is considered a vulnerable time for the development of psychopathologies. Various mouse strains are known to age-dependently differ in social, emotional, and endocrine stress responses based on genetic and epigenetic differences. This highlights the importance of the qualified selection of an adequate strain and age for any biomedical research. Neuropeptides like oxytocin (OXT) can contribute to individual and strain-dependent differences in emotional and social behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we compared anxiety- and fear-related, as well as social behavior and pain perception between male adolescent and adult mice of two commonly used strains, C57BL/6N (BL6) and CD1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We revealed BL6 mice as being more anxious, less social, and more susceptible toward non-social and social trauma, both in adolescence and adulthood. Furthermore, during development from adolescence toward adulthood, BL6 mice lack the reduction in fear- and anxiety-related behavior seen in adult CD1 mice and show even higher social fear-responses and perception of noxious stimuli during adulthood. Analysis of the OXT system, by means of receptor autoradiography and immunohistochemistry, showed strain- and age-specific differences in OXT receptor (OXTR) binding in relevant brain regions, but no differences in the number of hypothalamic OXT neurons. However, intracerebroventricular infusion of OXT did neither reduce the high level of anxiety-related nor of social fear-related behavior in adult BL6 mice.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In summary, we show that male BL6 mice present an anxious and stress vulnerable phenotype in adolescence, which further exacerbates in adulthood, whereas CD1 mice show a more resilient socio-emotional state both in adolescence as well as during adulthood. These consistent behavioral differences between the two strains might only be partly mediated by differences in the OXT system but highlight the influence of early-life environment on socio-emotional behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1493619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging distinct neuronal populations with a dual channel miniscope.","authors":"Giovanni Barbera, Rashmi Thapa, Navin Adhikari, Yun Li, Da-Ting Lin","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1445020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1445020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Miniature fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) are one of the most powerful and versatile tools for recording large scale neural activity in freely moving rodents with single cell resolution. Recent advances in the design of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) allow to target distinct neuronal populations with non-overlapping emission spectral profiles. However, conventional miniscopes are limited to a single excitation, single focal plane imaging, which does not allow to compensate for chromatic aberration and image from two spectrally distinct calcium indicators. In this paper we present an open-source dual channel miniscope capable of simultaneous imaging of genetically or functionally distinct neuronal populations. Chromatic aberrations are corrected using an electrowetting lens (EWL), which allows fast focal plane change between frames. To demonstrate the capabilities of the dual channel miniscope, we labeled layer specific excitatory neurons or inhibitory interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with a red fluorescence protein, and simultaneously imaged neural activity of distinct neuronal populations of freely moving mice via a green GECI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1445020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open label pilot of personalized, neuroimaging-guided theta burst stimulation in early-stage Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Bhavani Kashyap, Leah R Hanson, Sally K Gustafson, Terry Barclay, Clarissa M Howe, Samantha J Sherman, Marcel Hungs, Michael H Rosenbloom","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1492428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1492428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and disruption of large-scale brain networks (LSBNs). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a potential non-invasive AD treatment that may serve as an adjunct therapy with FDA approved medications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a 10-subject open label, single site study evaluating the effect of functional connectivity-resting state functional MRI guided-approach to TMS targeting with dysfunctional LSBNs in subjects with biomarker-confirmed early-stage AD (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05292222). Subjects underwent pre-post imaging and testing to assess connectivity dysfunction and cognition. All participants received intermittent theta burst stimulation [(iTBS), (80% motor threshold; 5 sessions per day; 5 days; 3 targets; 18,000 pulses/day)] over 2 weeks. Three Human Connectome Project (HCP) defined parcellations were targeted, with one common right temporal area G dorsal (RTGd) target across all subjects and two personalized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified the following parcellations to be dysfunctional: RTGd, left area 8A ventral (L8Av), left area 8B lateral (L8BL), and left area 55b (L55b). There were no changes in these parcellations after treatment, but subjects showed improvement on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status attention index (9.7; <i>p</i> = 0.01). No subject dropped out of the treatment, though 3 participants were unable to tolerate the RTGd target due to facial twitching (<i>n</i> = 2) and anxiety (<i>n</i> = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accelerated iTBS protocol was well-tolerated and personalized target-based treatment is feasible in early-stage AD. Further sham-controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine if this is an effective adjunctive treatment in early-stage AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1492428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central mechanisms of muscle tone regulation: implications for pain and performance.","authors":"Timothy W Cacciatore, David I Anderson, Rajal G Cohen","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1511783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1511783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle tone represents a foundational property of the motor system with the potential to impact musculoskeletal pain and motor performance. Muscle tone is involuntary, dynamically adaptive, interconnected across the body, sensitive to postural demands, and distinct from voluntary control. Research has historically focused on pathological tone, peripheral regulation, and contributions from passive tissues, without consideration of the neural regulation of active tone and its consequences, particularly for neurologically healthy individuals. Indeed, simplistic models based on the stretch reflex, which neglect the central regulation of tone, are still perpetuated today. Recent advances regarding tone are dispersed across different literatures, including animal physiology, pain science, motor control, neurology, and child development. This paper brings together diverse areas of research to construct a conceptual model of the neuroscience underlying active muscle tone. It highlights how multiple tonic drive networks tune the excitability of complex spinal feedback circuits in concert with various sources of sensory feedback and in relation to postural demands, gravity, and arousal levels. The paper also reveals how tonic muscle activity and excitability are disrupted in people with musculoskeletal pain and how tone disorders can lead to marked pain and motor impairment. The paper presents evidence that integrative somatic methods address the central regulation of tone and discusses potential mechanisms and implications for tone rehabilitation to improve pain and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1511783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of microbiota-gut-brain axis communication in anxiety disorders.","authors":"Min Jiang, Li Kang, Ya-Li Wang, Bin Zhou, Hong-Yi Li, Qiang Yan, Zhi-Gang Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1501134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1501134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorders, prevalent mental health conditions, receive significant attention globally due to their intricate etiology and the suboptimal effectiveness of existing therapies. Research is increasingly recognizing that the genesis of anxiety involves not only neurochemical brain alterations but also changes in gut microbiota. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), serving as a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), is at the forefront of novel approaches to deciphering the complex pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. This review scrutinizes the role and recent advancements in the MGBA concerning anxiety disorders through a review of the literature, emphasizing mechanisms via neural signals, endocrine pathways, and immune responses. The evidence robustly supports the critical influence of MGBA in both the development and progression of these disorders. Furthermore, this discussion explores potential therapeutic avenues stemming from these insights, alongside the challenges and issues present in this realm. Collectively, our findings aim to enhance understanding of the pathological mechanisms and foster improved preventative and therapeutic strategies for anxiety disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1501134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cerebellum is involved in implicit motor sequence learning.","authors":"Mahyar Firouzi, Kris Baetens, Catalina Duta, Chris Baeken, Frank Van Overwalle, Eva Swinnen, Natacha Deroost","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1433867","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1433867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Implicit motor sequence learning (IMSL) is a cognitive function that allows us to execute multiple movements in a specific sequential order and plays a crucial role in our daily functional activities. Although the role of the basal ganglia network in IMSL is well-established, the exact involvement of the cerebellar network is less clear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Here, we aimed to address this issue by investigating the effects of cerebellar transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on IMSL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this sham-controlled, crossover study in 45 healthy young adults, we used mixed-effects models to analyze sequence-specific (primary outcome) and general learning effects (secondary outcome) in the acquisition (during tDCS), short- (five minutes post-tDCS) and long-term consolidation (one week post-tDCS) phases of IMSL, as measured by the serial reaction time (SRT) task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses based on response times (RTs) revealed that anodal tDCS over the cerebellum significantly increased sequence-specific learning during acquisition, compared to sham (anodal: <i>M</i> = 38.24 ms, sham: <i>M</i> = 26.78 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.032); did not affect general learning; and significantly slowed overall RTs (anodal: <i>M</i> = 362.03 ms, sham: <i>M</i> = 356.37 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Accuracy-based analyses revealed that anodal tDCS reduced the probability of correct responses occurring in random trials versus sequential trials by 1.17%, <i>p</i> = 0.009, whereas sham tDCS had no effect, <i>p</i> = 0.999.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our finding of enhanced sequence-specific learning, but not general learning, suggests that the cerebellar network not only plays a role in error correction processes, but also serves a sequence-specific function within the integrated motor learning network that connects the basal ganglia and cerebellum.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1433867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning models for MRI-based clinical decision support in cervical spine degenerative diseases.","authors":"Kai-Yu Li, Zhe-Yang Lu, Yu-Han Tian, Xiao-Peng Liu, Ye-Kai Zhang, Jia-Wei Qiu, Hua-Lin Li, Yu-Long Zhang, Jia-Wei Huang, Hao-Bo Ye, Nai Feng Tian","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1501972","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1501972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of our study is to develop a deep learning (DL) model based on MRI and analyze its consistency with the treatment recommendations for degenerative cervical spine disorders provided by the spine surgeons at our hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, MRI of patients who were hospitalized for cervical spine degenerative disorders at our hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were primarily collected. The dataset was divided into a training set, a validation set, and an external validation set. Four versions of the DL model were constructed. The external validation set was used to assess the consistency between the DL model and spine surgeons' recommendations about indication of cervical spine surgery regarding the dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study collected a total of 756 MR images from 189 patients. The external validation set included 30 patients and a total of 120 MR images, consisting of 43 images for grade 0, 20 images for grade 1, and 57 images for grade 2. The region of interest (ROI) detection model completed the ROI detection task perfectly. For the binary classification (grades 0 and 1, 2), DL version 1 showed the best consistency with the spine surgeons, achieving a Cohen's Kappa value of 0.874. DL version 4 also achieved nearly perfect consistency, with a Cohen's Kappa value of 0.811. For the three-class classification, DL version 1 demonstrated the best consistency with the spine surgeons, achieving a Cohen's Kappa value of 0.743, while DL version 2 and DL version 4 also showed substantial consistency, with Cohen's Kappa values of 0.615 and 0.664, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We initially developed deep learning algorithms that can provide clinical recommendations based on cervical spine MRI. The algorithm shows substantial consistency with experienced spine surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1501972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain fingerprint and subjective mood state across the menstrual cycle.","authors":"Lorenzo Cipriano, Marianna Liparoti, Emahnuel Troisi Lopez, Antonella Romano, Laura Sarno, Camille Mazzara, Fabio Alivernini, Fabio Lucidi, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Pierpaolo Sorrentino","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1432218","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1432218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain connectome fingerprinting represents a recent and valid approach in assessing individual identifiability on the basis of the subject-specific brain functional connectome. Although this methodology has been tested and validated in several neurological diseases, its performance, reliability and reproducibility in healthy individuals has been poorly investigated. In particular, the impact of the changes in brain connectivity, induced by the different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC), on the reliability of this approach remains unexplored. Furthermore, although the modifications of the psychological condition of women during the MC are widely documented, the possible link with the changes of brain connectivity has been poorly investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted the Clinical Connectome Fingerprint (CCF) analysis on source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography signals in a cohort of 24 women across the MC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the parameters of identifiability did not differ according to the MC phases. The peri-ovulatory and mid-luteal phases showed a less stable, more variable over time, brain connectome compared to the early follicular phase. This difference in brain connectome stability in the alpha band significantly predicted the self-esteem level (<i>p</i>-value <0.01), mood (<i>p</i>-value <0.01) and five (environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance) of the six dimensions of well-being (<i>p</i>-value <0.01, save autonomy).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results confirm the high reliability of the CCF as well as its independence from the MC phases. At the same time the study provides insights on changes of the brain connectome in the different phases of the MC and their possible role in affecting women's subjective mood state across the MC. Finally, these changes in the alpha band share a predictive power on self-esteem, mood and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1432218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR139 agonist and antagonist differentially regulate retrieval and consolidation of fear memory in the zebrafish.","authors":"Nisa Roy, Satoshi Ogawa, Sachiko Tsuda, Ishwar S Parhar","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1461148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1461148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>G protein-coupled receptor 139 (GPR139), a highly conserved orphan receptor, is predominantly expressed in the habenula of vertebrate species. Habenula is an ancient epithalamic structure, which is critical to comprehending adaptive behaviors in vertebrates. We have previously demonstrated the role of GPR139 agonists in fear-associated decision-making processes in zebrafish. However, how GPR139 signaling in the habenula modulates such adaptive behavioral responses remains unsolved. Fish centrally administered with a synthetic antagonist for human GPR139 (NCRW0005-F05) exhibited significant suppression of odorant cue (alarm substance, AS)-induced fear learning in the conditioned place avoidance paradigm. On the other hand, co-treatment with a GPR139 antagonist and a synthetic agonist for human GPR139 (JNJ-63533054) interrupted the fear conditioning process by significantly reducing locomotion during post-conditioning. Calcium imaging of acute brain slices showed a significant increase in peak amplitude of calcium transients in the habenula upon bath application of either a GPR139 antagonist or agonist. Furthermore, KCl-evoked calcium transients were reduced by the GPR139 antagonist and co-treatment of the GPR139 antagonist-agonist. These results suggest that the GPR139 antagonist did not block the inhibitory action of the GPR139 agonist in the decision-making process during the fear-retrieval phase; however, solitarily, it functions in governing the fear consolidation process via activation of the ventral habenula neurons in zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1461148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes regeneration of severed facial nerve in rats.","authors":"Yoko Fujimaki, Kenji Kondo, Hironobu Nishijima, Shu Kikuta, Tatsuya Yamasoba","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1442614","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1442614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The administration of growth and neurotrophic factors has been attempted experimentally as a new therapeutic strategy for severe facial paralysis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has an effect on the treatment of central nervous system injuries, such as cerebral infarction and spinal cord injury. This study aimed at examining the effects of G-CSF on facial nerve regeneration in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The left facial nerve of rats was either partially resected (resection group) or severed and sutured (suture group) at the main trunk outside the temporal bone. In each surgical group, saline or G-CSF was administered via the gelatin hydrogel drug delivery system. The suture group was further divided into two subgroups for the late administration of G-CSF (2 weeks after surgical treatment) or immediate administration of G-CSF after surgical treatment. Recovery of the facial nerve was assessed by the evaluation of facial movements (after 12 weeks), complex muscle action potential amplitude measurements (after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks), electroneurography values (after 12 weeks), and histological evaluation (comparison of myelinated axon diameters among the groups).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recovery of the function and morphology of damaged nerves was faster in the suture groups than in the resection group. In the suture groups, recovery was faster for G-CSF-treated rats than for saline-treated rats. Furthermore, recovery was faster in the group that received G-CSF immediately after surgical treatment than in the group that received G-CSF 2 weeks later. However, the group that received G-CSF 2 weeks later also showed faster recovery than did the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>G-CSF effectively promoted nerve regeneration during facial nerve paralysis. Thus, G-CSF may be a potential treatment strategy for injured facial nerves as it has been safely administered in clinical treatments for hematological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1442614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}