Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge concept recognition in the learning brain via fMRI classification.","authors":"Wenxin Zhang, Yiping Zhang, Liqian Sun, Yupei Zhang, Xuequn Shang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1499629","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1499629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge concept recognition (KCR) aims to identify the concepts learned in the brain, which has been a longstanding area of interest for learning science and education. While many studies have investigated object recognition using brain fMRIs, there are limited research on identifying specific knowledge points within the classroom. In this paper, we propose to recognize the knowledge concepts in computer science by classifying the brain fMRIs taken when students are learning the concepts. More specifically, this study made attempts on two representation strategies, i.e., voxel and time difference. Based on the representations, we evaluated traditional classifiers and the combination of CNN and LSTM for KCR. Experiments are conducted on a public dataset collected from 25 students and teachers in a computer science course. The evaluations of classifying fMRI segments show that the used classifiers all can attain a good performance when using the time-difference representation, where the CNN-LSTM model reaches the highest accuracy. This research contributes to the understanding of human learning and supports the development of personalized learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1499629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate and respiration rate and their impact on seizure susceptibility in anaesthetized rats under pentylenetetrazol.","authors":"Javier Chávez Cerda, Elena Acedo Reina, Ayse S Dereli, Louis Vande Perre, Romain Raffoul, Maxime Verstraeten, Michel-Antony Ngan Yamb, Enrique Germany Morrison, Elise Collard, Auriane Apaire, Pascal Doguet, Jérôme Garnier, Jean Delbeke, Riëm El Tahry, Antoine Nonclercq","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1487082","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1487082","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the proven efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in seizure control, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. VNS is known to impact the cardiorespiratory system. In this study, we explored the effects of standard and breathing-synchronized VNS on heart and respiratory rates in anesthetized epileptic rats, as well as their impact on seizure susceptibility. Seizures were induced in rats by intravenous pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) infusion. Three animal groups (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4) were subjected to different types of stimulation: Sham VNS, Standard VNS, and Breathing-Synchronized VNS. Measurements included respiration, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, and vagal electroneurogram. Each experiment began with a 5-min baseline period, followed by PTZ infusion until tonic-clonic seizure onset, confirmed by video recording and electroencephalogram. Results indicate that the stimulation significantly decreased the heart rate below baseline levels for standard VNS (-120.0 ± 69.1 bpm) and breathing-synchronized VNS (-84.9 ± 61.0 bpm), overcoming the heart rate increasing effect of PTZ infusion observed in the sham VNS (+79.2 ± 35.5 bpm), and there was no recovery during OFF periods. Regarding the breathing rate changes, the sham VNS group presented a slight increase with respect to baseline (+13.6 ± 1.8 bpm). The stimulation slightly increased the average breathing rate for standard VNS (+13.0 ± 14.6 bpm) and breathing-synchronized VNS (+13.7 ± 10.4 bpm), however with significantly enlarged standard deviation. More specifically, the breathing rate presented a pattern that suggests that the rats experienced respiratory hypoxia under stimulation. The VNS modulation of the heart rate and breathing rate in the standard VNS group was similar in the breathing-synchronized VNS, suggesting that the VNS effect is cumulative. Unexpectedly, the sham VNS group required a higher PTZ dose (79.7 ± 13.4 mg/kg) to reach tonic-clonic seizures compared to the standard VNS group (57.9 ± 9.8 mg/kg), and the breathing-synchronized VNS group (60.0 ± 8.7 mg/kg), pointing to an increased seizure susceptibility of VNS in this particular model. Additionally, the latency of the seizures was longer in the sham VNS (291.5 ± 84.4 s) compared to standard VNS (200.5 ± 59.5 s) and breathing-synchronized VNS (206.9 ± 66.0 s), meaning that the seizures under stimulation were starting earlier. A significant linear relationship was found between heart rate and respiratory rate changes, and seizure susceptibility (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.62, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.012). We hypothesize that the significant drop in heart rate and the presence of altered respiration patterns, such as apneas or changes in breathing rates, caused by VNS, are related to hypoxia and hypotension conditions, which could increase susceptibility to PTZ. Future investigations with larger sample sizes, incorporating blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitoring, are needed to sort out the role of hypoxi","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1487082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from DCE-MRI: blood-brain barrier permeability in the context of MS relapses and methylprednisolone treatment.","authors":"Stig P Cramer, Nizar Hamrouni, Helle J Simonsen, Mark B Vestergaard, Aravinthan Varatharaj, Ian Galea, Ulrich Lindberg, Jette Lautrup Frederiksen, Henrik B W Larsson","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1546236","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1546236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Detecting multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses remains challenging due to symptom variability and confounding factors, such as flare-ups and infections. Methylprednisolone (MP) is used for severe relapses, decreasing the number of contrast-enhancing lesions on MRI. The influx constant (K_i) derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), a marker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, has shown promise as a predictor of disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the predictive value of K_i in relation to clinical MS relapses and MP treatment, comparing its performance with traditional MRI markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 20 RRMS subjects admitted for possible relapse, using DCE-MRI on admission to assess K_i in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) via the Patlak model. Mixed-effects modeling compared the predictive accuracy of K_i, the presence of contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL), evidence of brain lesions (EBL; defined as the presence of CEL or new T2 lesions), and MP treatment on clinical relapse events. Five models were evaluated, including combinations of K_i, CEL, EBL, and MP, to determine the most robust predictors of clinical relapse. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), with bootstrapped confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Superior predictive accuracy was demonstrated with the inclusion of EBL and K_i, alongside MP treatment (AIC = 66.12, <i>p</i> = 0.006), outperforming other models with a classification accuracy of 83% (CI: 73-92%), sensitivity of 78% (CI: 60-94%), and specificity of 86% (CI: 74-97%). This model showed the highest combined PPV (78%, CI: 60-94%) and NPV (86%, CI: 74-98%) compared to models with EBL or CEL alone, suggesting an added value of K_i in enhancing predictive reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support the use of K_i alongside conventional MRI imaging metrics, to improve clinical relapse prediction in RRMS. The findings underscore the utility of K_i as a marker of MS-related neuroinflammation, with potential for integration into relapse monitoring protocols. Further validation in larger cohorts is recommended to confirm the model's generalizability and clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1546236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-obtrusive monitoring of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome based on ballistocardiography: a preliminary study.","authors":"Biyong Zhang, Zheng Peng, Chunjiao Dong, Jun Hu, Xi Long, Tan Lyu, Peilin Lu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1549783","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1549783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) degrades sleep quality and is associated with serious health conditions. Instead of the gold-standard polysomnography requiring complex equipment and expertise, a non-obtrusive device such as ballistocardiography (BCG) is more suitable for home-based continuous monitoring of OSAS, which has shown promising results in previous studies. However, often due to the limited storage and computing resource, also preferred by venders, the high computational cost in many existing BCG-based methods would practically limit the deployment for home monitoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this preliminary study, we propose an approach for OSAS monitoring using BCG signals. Applying fast change-point detection to first isolate apnea-suspected episodes would allow for processing only those suspected episodes for further feature extraction and OSAS severity classification. This can reduce both the data to be stored or transmitted and the computational load. Furthermore, our approach directly extracts features from BCG signals without employing a complex algorithm to derive respiratory and heart rate signals as often done in literature, further simplifying the algorithm pipeline. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is then computed based on the detected apnea events (using a random forest classifier) from the identified apnea-suspected episodes. To deal with the expected underestimated AHI due to missing true apnea events during change-point detection, we apply boundary adjustment on AHI when classifying severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cross-validated on 32 subjects, the proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 71.9% for four-class severity classification and 87.5% for binary classification (AHI less than 15 or not).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of our proposed BCG-based approach as an effective and accessible alternative for continuous OSAS monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1549783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal window of visual processing throughout adulthood.","authors":"Xianghang He, Xiaowei Ruan, Menglu Shen, Junli Yuan, Cheng Li, Yan Yang, Jinli Zhu, Rong Cui, Zhong-Lin Lu, Jiang-Fan Chen, Fang Hou","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1547959","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1547959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is associated with declines in various visual functions, including visual processing in the temporal domain. However, how visual processing in the temporal domain changes throughout adulthood remains unclear. To address this, we recruited 30 adults aged 20 to 70 years. By systematically manipulating the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of external noise masks, we measured contrast thresholds in an orientation discrimination task across five SOA conditions and one no mask condition. We hypothesized that the threshold would change with age, and that this change would depend on the SOA condition. Our results showed that thresholds increased with age at all SOA conditions, except for the no mask condition. To further explore temporal processing dynamics, we applied the elaborated perceptual template model to the contrast thresholds, which allowed us to extract the temporal processing window-describing how visual processing efficiency varies over time. The model provided a good fit to the data for all participants. We then extracted the peak and full width at half maximum (FWHH) of the processing window, reflecting the maximum efficiency and temporal extend of processing window, respectively, from the best-fit model for each participant. Regression analysis revealed that the peak decreased, while the FWHH increased with age, indicating that the temporal window of visual processing became wider and less efficient as age increased. Our cross-sectional study suggests that our ability to process dynamic visual information gradually declines with age in two significant ways: a decrease in peak efficiency and increased vulnerability to temporal disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1547959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing stage-dependent neuromotor patterns in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> larvae through a graph construction approach.","authors":"Yuri Bilk Matos, Nadezhda Velichkova, Mateo Kirchknopf Riera, Marcos Gomes Eleutério da Luz, Jimena Berni","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1557624","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1557624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated developmental changes in neuromotor activity patterns in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> larvae by combining calcium imaging with a novel graph-based mathematical framework. This allows to perform relevant quantitative comparisons between first (L1) and early third (L3) instar larvae. We found that L1 larvae exhibit higher frequencies of spontaneous neural activity that fail to propagate, indicating a less mature neuromotor system. In contrast, L3 larvae show efficient initiation and propagation of neural activity along the entire ventral nerve cord (VNC), resulting in longer activity chains. The time of chain propagation along the entire VNC is shorter in L1 than in L3, probably reflecting the increased length of the VNC. On the other hand, the time of peristaltic waves through the whole body during locomotion is much faster in L3 than in L1, so correlating with higher velocities and greater dispersal rates. Hence, the VNC-body interaction determines the characteristics of peristaltic waves propagation in crawling larvae. Further, asymmetrical neuronal activity, predominantly in anterior segments of L3 larvae, was associated with turning behaviors and enhanced navigation. These findings illustrate that the proposed quantitative model provides a systematic method to analyze neuromotor patterns across developmental stages, for instance, helping to uncover the maturation stages of neural circuits and their role in locomotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1557624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of LCN2 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.","authors":"Luo-Yang Cai, Ying Yuan, Hai Huang, Jin Zhang, Xin-Yi Zou, Xiao-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1536055","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1536055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process faced by brain tissues after ischemic stroke treatment, which involves mechanisms of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and severely affects treatment outcome. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), an acute-phase protein, is significantly up-regulated after CIRI and promotes neural repair by enhancing astrocyte phagocytosis, but its over-activation may also trigger secondary inflammation and demyelination injury. LCN2 also plays a key role in neuroinflammation regulation by regulating the polarization state of astrocytes and the release of inflammatory factors, and may affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and a variety of pathologic injury processes. In view of the important role of LCN2 in CIRI, this article reviews the mechanism of LCN2, aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1536055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static and temporal dynamic changes in brain activity in patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction: a pilot resting state fMRI.","authors":"Zhiqing Tang, Tianhao Liu, Junzi Long, Weijing Ren, Ying Liu, Hui Li, Kaiyue Han, Xingxing Liao, Xiaonian Zhang, Haitao Lu, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1558069","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1558069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of brain activity changes in patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction and their relationship with clinical assessment, and to construct a classification model based on the extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to discriminate between stroke patients and healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, twenty-six patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction and twenty-four HCs were examined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Static amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (sALFF), static fractional ALFF (sfALFF), static regional homogeneity (sReHo), dynamic ALFF (dALFF), dynamic fALFF (dfALFF) and dynamic ReHo (dReHo) values were calculated and compared between the two groups. The values of the imaging metrics for the brain regions with significant differences were used in Pearson correlation analyses with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores and as features in the construction of the XGBoost model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, the brain regions with significant functional abnormalities in patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction were mainly involved bilateral insula, right fusiform gyrus, right lingual gyrus, left thalamus, left inferior occipital gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, left precuneus, right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, bilateral supplementary motor area, right putamen, and left cerebellar crus II. XGBoost results show that the model constructed based on static imaging features has the best classification prediction performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this study provided evidence of functional abnormalities in local brain regions in patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction. The results suggested that the abnormal brain regions were mainly related to visual processing, motor execution, motor coordination, sensorimotor control and cognitive function, which contributed to our understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of post-stroke balance dysfunction. XGBoost is a promising machine learning method to explore these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1558069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of retinal microcirculation alterations following carotid artery angioplasty and stenting using optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Zehui Shi, Chunqiong Dong, Hanfei Tang, Daqiao Guo, Xianglian Li, Bing Xie, Xiao Tang, Xiuping Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1557062","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1557062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a common vascular condition that can impair retinal and optic nerve blood supply, leading to ocular ischemic damage. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides a non-invasive method to evaluate retinal microcirculation and detect vascular changes in CAS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized OCTA to evaluate changes in retinal microcirculation in CAS patients before and after carotid artery angioplasty and stenting. A 6 × 6 mm OCTA scan was performed to analyze deep retinal vascular complex (DVC) blood flow density, foveal avascular zone area (FAZA), foveal density within a 300 μm-wide ring surrounding the FAZ (FD-300), and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD). Additionally, ultra-wide-field OCTA imaging (24 × 20 mm) was employed to comprehensively assess perfusion in both the posterior pole and peripheral retina.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following carotid artery angioplasty and stenting, significant improvements were observed in the ipsilateral eye, including increased macular blood flow density (<i>p</i> = 0.004), FD-300 (<i>p</i> = 0.031), RPC-VD (<i>p</i> = 0.028) and decreased FAZA (<i>p</i> = 0.018) in the deep retinal vascular layer, indicating enhanced retinal microcirculation. No statistically significant changes were found in the contralateral eye. In some cases, ultra-wide-field OCTA revealed a reduction in macular non-perfusion areas in the ipsilateral eye, alongside an increase in non-perfusion areas near the vascular arcades.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carotid artery angioplasty and stenting effectively improves retinal microcirculation in CAS patients, as evidenced by increased blood flow density and reduced non-perfusion areas in the ipsilateral eye. OCTA is a valuable non-invasive tool for assessing retinal circulation dynamics, identifying microvascular abnormalities, and monitoring treatment efficacy in CAS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1557062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal cerebellar activity and connectivity alterations of the cerebellar-limbic system in post-stroke cognitive impairment: a study based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Haiyi Zhang, Juan Lu, Lu Zhang, Jidan Hu, Jiajun Yue, Yunhan Ma, Qi Yao, Pingping Jie, Min Fan, Jiliang Fang, Jie Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1543760","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1543760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is an important cause of cognitive impairment. Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder following stroke. However, the effects of PSCI on the cerebellum remain mostly unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 31 PSCI patients and 31 patients without cognitive impairment after stroke were included in this study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered to all participants. Analyses of ALFF, fALFF, and ReHo were employed to investigate alterations in brain neuronal activity, while limbic connectivity analysis was utilized to reflect changes within the abnormal connections within brain regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that ALFF values were increased in Cerebelum_7b_R, Cerebelum_Crus1_L. fALFF values were increased in Vermis_3. The ReHo values were increased in Cerebelum_8_R, Cerebelum_Crus2_R, Cerebelum_Crus1_L. The functional connection between Frontal_Mid_Orb_L and Cerebelum_Crus2_R brain regions was decreased. The functional connection between Hippocampus_L and Cerebelum_Crus2_R brain regions was decreased. The functional connection between Vermis_3 and Frontal_Med_Orb_L brain regions was decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The severity of cognitive impairment may influence the extent of functional connectivity disruption between the cerebellum and the limbic system. Furthermore, atypical alterations in neuronal activity within cerebellar regions are associated with cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1543760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}