Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Improved dementia screening for elderly with low education in South Korea using the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST).","authors":"Kyung Wook Kang, Gilsoon Park, Hyunsoo Kim, Soo Hyun Cho, Seong-Min Choi, Kang-Ho Choi, Hak-Loh Lee, Gwangsoon Shon, Byeong C Kim, Hosung Kim","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1599019","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1599019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used cognitive screening test worldwide; however, it often overdiagnoses older adults with low education levels. In contrast, the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST), developed by South Korea's Ministry of Health and Welfare, may address this shortcoming. In this study, we compare the CIST and the Korean version of the MMSE (K-MMSE) in older adults with no formal education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 100 older adults (≥ 65 years)-27 with normal cognition (NC), 37 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 36 with dementia (DM). All completed both the CIST and K-MMSE. First, we analyzed correlations between the CIST and K-MMSE. Next, we performed an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for age and sex, to compare group performance. Finally, classification performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, examining the area under the curve (AUC) and other relevant metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CIST showed positive correlations with both the K-MMSE (<i>r</i> = 0.722) and the K-MMSE z-score (<i>r</i> = 0.625). ANCOVA revealed significant group differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for both measures. When distinguishing NC from MCI/DM, the CIST outperformed the K-MMSE, demonstrating a higher AUC (0.869 vs. 0.842) and F1-score (0.697 vs. 0.409).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CIST is a reliable and useful tool for assessing cognitive function, showing advantages over the K-MMSE in detecting cognitive decline among older adults without formal education. Further large-scale validation studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1599019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the spatial limits of somatotopic and depth-dependent sensory discrimination stimuli in rats via intracortical microstimulation.","authors":"Thomas J Smith, Hari Srinivasan, Madison Jiang, Ghazaal Tahmasebi, Sophia Vargas, Luisa R Villafranca, Shreya Tirumala Kumara, Ashlynn Ogundipe, Ajaree Massaquoi, Shreya Chandna, Yovia Mehretab, Riya Shipurkar, Pegah Haghighi, Stuart F Cogan, Ana G Hernandez-Reynoso, Joseph J Pancrazio","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1602996","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1602996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The somatosensory cortex can be electrically stimulated via intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to induce a range of vibrotactile sensations. While previous studies have employed multi-shank MEA configurations to map somatotopic relationships, the influence of cortical depth on sensory discrimination remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for investigating the spatial limits of stimulation-evoked sensory discrimination based on cortical depth and somatotopic relationships in rodents. To achieve this, we implanted single-shank and four-shank 16-channel MEAs into the primary somatosensory cortex of male rats. Then, we defined distinct stimulation patterns for comparison, each consisting of four simultaneously stimulated electrode sites separated along the length of the single-shank device or between shanks for the four-shank device. Next, we utilized a nose-poking, two-choice sensory discrimination task to evaluate each rat's ability to accurately differentiate between these patterns. We demonstrate that the rats were able to reliably discriminate between the most superficial (450-750 μm) and deepest (1650-1950 μm) single-shank patterns with 90% accuracy, whereas discrimination between the most superficial and next adjacent pattern (650-950 μm) significantly dropped to 53% (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similarly, in the four-shank group, discrimination accuracy was 88% for the furthest pattern pairs (375 μm difference) but significantly fell to 62% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for the closest pairs (125 μm difference). Overall, the single-shank subjects could robustly differentiate between stimuli separated by 800 μm along a cortical column whereas, the multi-shank animals could robustly differentiate between stimuli delivered from shanks separated by 250 μm. Results showed that when spatial distances between stimuli patterns were decreased, the rats had reduced discriminable accuracy, suggesting greater difficulty when differentiating closely positioned stimuli. To better understand the single-shank results, we also utilized computational modeling to compare our in-vivo results against neuronal activation volumes presented in a biophysically realistic model of the somatosensory cortex. These simulations displayed overlapping volumes of activated neurons via antidromic propagation of axons for the closest pattern pair, potentially influencing discriminable limits. This work, which offers insight into how the physical separation of stimulating microelectrode sites maps to discernable percepts, informs the design considerations for future intracortical microstimulation arrays.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1602996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: ADHD detection from EEG signals using GCN based on multi-domain features.","authors":"Ling Li, Xueyang Guo, Zihan Yang, Yanping Zhao, Xu Liu, Junxian Yang, Yanyan Chen, Xinxian Peng, Lina Han","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1621212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1621212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1561994.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1621212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial ultrasound stimulation in neuromodulation: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024.","authors":"Jingxuan Wang, Yuling Wang, Shuyan Qie","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1595061","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1595061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with promising clinical potential. Its therapeutic efficacy and safety are significantly influenced by stimulation parameters. However, the global research hotspots and future research trends of TUS application in the field of rehabilitation are unclear. This study analyzes the status of TUS research. Understand the annual publication trends, international and institutional cooperation pattern and influential authors and journals and keyword hotspot.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the Web of Science core database using TUS-related subject headings until 27 December 2024. Two researchers independently screened articles based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Software packages such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visualize the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 577 literatures were included. The results show that the annual publication volume shows an increasing trend, reaching a peak in 2024. The United States, China and Germany dominated the number of publications, with the largest number of institutions being Harvard University, the University of Toronto and Brigham and Women's Hospital. Brain stimulation is the journal with the most articles and citations. Research hotspots include transcranial magnetic stimulation, noninvasive brain stimulation, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A bibliometric analysis of the literature shows that research interest in transcranial ultrasound stimulation is growing rapidly, with annual publications growing exponentially since 2013 and receiving increasing attention from researchers. The findings suggest that TUS is currently used primarily in neurological diseases, particularly in the study of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. At the same time, it is found that an emerging international cooperation model with the partnership between the United States, China and Germany as the core has gradually taken shape. Although preclinical studies have shown promising neuromodulator effects, the current study suggests that TUS needs to undergo further multicenter clinical validation. These findings provide evidence to guide future research priorities for non-invasive neuromodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1595061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of joint position sense measured by inertial sensors embedded in portable digital devices with different masses.","authors":"José Ramon Gama Almeida, Luis Carlos Pereira Monteiro, Pedro Henrique Castro de Souza, André Dos Santos Cabral, Anderson Belgamo, Anselmo de Athayde Costa E Silva, Alex Crisp, Bianca Callegari, Aymee Lobato Brito, Paulo Eduardo Santos Ávila, José Aparecido da Silva, Gilmara de Nazareth Bastos, Givago Silva Souza","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1561241","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1561241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Joint position sense can be assessed using various devices, including inertial sensors embedded in smartphones and wearable technologies. However, the mass of these portable instruments may influence proprioceptive input during joint repositioning tasks.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare participants' performance in a joint position sense task using a smartphone and an ultra-light wearable sensor to measure elbow angular displacement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen adults participated in a passive-active joint position sense test. In this task, participants were required to memorize a passively flexed elbow position and actively reposition the joint across four trials. The angular position during joint repositioning, as well as absolute and relative errors, were compared between trials using a smartphone (weighing several hundred grams) and an ultra-light wearable sensor (weighing only a few dozen grams). Agreement analysis between the devices and reliability assessments for inter-device measurements and for each device were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant variation in the joint angle at the target position was observed across trials using the ultra-light wearable sensor. In contrast, a significant increase in joint angle at the target position was noted when the smartphone was used. Absolute errors were similar between devices, while relative errors showed significant differences in the first two trials. Overall, systematic biases favored the measurements obtained with the smartphone and inter-device reliability were moderate. Smartphone demonstrated moderate-to-good reliability, and the wearable had poor-to-moderate in test-retest evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although measurements from the two devices showed agreement, significant systematic biases were observed, favoring the heavier device. Both the smartphone and the wearable sensor provided reliable measurements for assessing elbow joint position sense.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1561241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin rhythm disorder is more pronounced in major depressive disorder with non-suicidal self-injury.","authors":"Xiaojuan Hu, Aiguo Zhang, Chao Wang, Xulai Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1534715","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1534715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Disruptions in melatonin (MT) rhythms have been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and may be further associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study investigates whether MDD patients with NSSI exhibit more pronounced MT rhythm disturbances and whether these disruptions correlate with NSSI-related thoughts and the motivation to cease self-injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 100 participants aged 14-24 years, including 30 healthy controls (HC) and 70 inpatients diagnosed with MDD. The MDD group was further divided into those with NSSI (NSSI group, <i>n</i> = 35) and those without NSSI (Non-NSSI group, <i>n</i> = 35). Salivary MT levels were measured at six intervals (12 a.m., 8 a.m., 11 a.m., 1 p.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m.) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) assessed NSSI perception and motivation in the NSSI group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Melatonin levels were significantly lower across all six time points in the NSSI group compared to both the Non-NSSI and HC groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and MT circadian rhythms were notably absent in the NSSI group. Correlational analysis revealed specific associations between MT levels and NSSI behavior, with MT levels at 1 PM positively correlated with invasive self-harm impulses (r = 0.487, <i>P</i> = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.141 to 0.834) and MT levels at 8 a.m. and 11 a.m. inversely correlated with the desire to stop self-injury (r = -0.427, <i>P</i> = 0.010, 95% CI: -0.774 to -0.081; r = 0.348, <i>P</i> = 0.040, 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.695, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower MT levels and disrupted circadian rhythms are associated with NSSI in MDD patients, highlighting a potential link between circadian dysfunction and self-injurious behaviors. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1534715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity of thalamic nuclei during sensorimotor task-based fMRI at 9.4 Tesla.","authors":"Edyta Charyasz, Michael Erb, Jonas Bause, Rahel Heule, Benjamin Bender, Vinod Kumar Jangir, Wolfgang Grodd, Klaus Scheffler","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1568222","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1568222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thalamus is the brain's central communication hub, playing a key role in processing and relaying sensorimotor and cognitive information between the cerebral cortex and other brain regions. It consists of specific and non-specific nuclei, each with a different role. Specific thalamic nuclei relay sensory and motor information to specific cortical and subcortical regions to ensure precise communication. In contrast, non-specific thalamic nuclei are involved in general functions such as attention or consciousness through broader and less targeted connections. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the functional connectivity patterns of the thalamic nuclei identified in our previous study as being involved in motor (finger-tapping) and sensory (finger-touch) tasks. The results of this study show that thalamic nuclei are not static hubs with a predefined role in neural signal processing, as they show different task-specific functional connectivity patterns in the anterior, middle, lateral, and posterior thalamic nuclei. Instead, they are all functional hubs that can flexibly change their connections to other brain regions in response to task demands. This work has important implications for understanding task-dependent functional connectivity between thalamic nuclei and different brain regions using task-based fMRI at 9.4 Tesla.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1568222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Kara N Presbrey, Thomas A Wozny, Kenneth H Louie, Simon Little, Philip A Starr, Reza Abbasi-Asl, Doris D Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1542493","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1542493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Learning dexterous motor sequences is crucial to autonomy and quality of life but can be altered in Parkinson's disease (PD). Learning involves optimizing pre-movement planning (preplanning) of multiple sequence elements to reduce computational overhead during active movement. However, it is unclear which brain regions mediate preplanning or how this process evolves with learning. Recording cortico-basal ganglia field potentials during a multi-day typing task in four individuals with PD, we found evidence for network-wide multi-element preplanning that improved with learning, facilitated by functional connectivity. In both cortex and basal ganglia, pre-movement gamma (<i>γ</i>, 30-250 Hz) activity, historically linked to population spiking, distinguished between future action sequences and became increasingly predictive with learning. For motor cortex <i>γ</i>, this increase was tied to learning-related cross-frequency coupling led by cortically-driven network delta (<i>δ</i>, 0.5-4 Hz) synchrony. More generally, coordinated network <i>δ</i> supported a complex pattern of learning-driven cross-frequency couplings within and between cortex and basal ganglia, including striatal lead of cortical beta (<i>β</i>, 12-30 Hz) activity, reflecting the specialized roles of these brain regions in motor preparation. In contrast, impaired learning was characterized by practice-driven decreases in <i>γ</i>'s predictive value, limited cross-frequency coupling and absent network <i>δ</i> synchrony, with network dynamics possibly altered by pathologically high inter-basal ganglia <i>δ</i> synchrony. These results suggest that cortically-led <i>δ</i> phase coordination optimized cortico-basal ganglia multi-element preplanning through enhanced recruitment of higher-frequency neural activity. Neurostimulation that enhances cortico-basal ganglia <i>δ</i> synchrony may thus hold potential for improving skilled fine motor control in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1542493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A surface-based cross-sectional fMRI study on brain function differences between comorbid mild or moderate depression and insomnia.","authors":"Zhongxian Li, Limei Chen, Yingxin Huang, Luda Yan, Junquan Liang, Min Peng, Yifu Zhou, Jiliang Fang, Mengyao Li, Peng Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1554287","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1554287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mechanisms of Comorbid mild or moderate depression and insomnia (CmiDaI or CmoDaI) are complex, and stratification remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 32 patients with CmiDaI, 32 with CmoDaI, and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Data were analyzed using a surface-based computational method to examine differences in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) across the brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant ALFF differences were found in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) between CmiDaI and CmoDaI. Compared to CmoDaI, CmiDaI showed increased ALFF in the left DLPFC, decreased FC between left DLPFC and right superior temporal gyrus, and increased FC in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Correlation analysis suggests lower left DLPFC ALFF correlated with more severe depression and insomnia. Lower FC between left DLPFC and right IFG was associated with more severe depression, while lower FC between left DLPFC and right SMG correlated with more severe insomnia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that reduced ALFF in the left DLPFC may serve as the potential biomarker to distinguish CmiDaI from CmoDaI, and offer insights for the two disorders' treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1554287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological engineering approaches for modulating the pathological microenvironment and promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.","authors":"Xiaohong Chen, Rong Huang, Zhe Yang, Jun Zhang, Yanling Yang, Feng Gao, Minli Liu, Shengjun Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1574763","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1574763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) presents significant challenges and imposes a substantial burden on society. Current research primarily focuses on minimizing damage and promoting regeneration to enhance functional recovery after SCI. Following SCI, secondary injuries such as mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular rupture, inflammatory responses, and glial scarring occur in the lesion area, forming the pathological microenvironment. These factors expand the extent of damage, exacerbate injury severity, and severely impede axonal regeneration after SCI. Modulating the pathological microenvironment through various interventions may facilitate axonal regeneration and promote functional recovery after SCI. This article reviews the influence and research advancements in axon regeneration concerning mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and glial scar formation after SCI. Additionally, it integrates insights from bioengineering to improve the pathological microenvironment, summarizing the progress in axon regeneration research. The review concludes with novel strategies for enhancing axon regeneration, offering fresh perspectives for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1574763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}