Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Frontiers of optic nerve regeneration research: an analysis of the top 100 most influential articles in the field from 2005 to 2025.","authors":"Saijilafu, Peng Chen, Lingchen Ye, Yuxi Shen, Qi Wang, Xuanwen Chen, Chimedragchaa Chimedtseren, Junqian Zhang, Linjun Fang, Renjie Xu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1634999","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1634999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the key features of the 100 most-cited publications on optic nerve regeneration from 2005 to 2025 employing bibliometric and visual analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data for this study were obtained from a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including the Web of Science, Scopus, and Dimensions. We identified the top 100 most-cited articles published in each database from 2005 to 2025, merged and deduplicated the results, and selected the 100 most-cited papers on optic nerve regeneration. After extracting key details such as titles, authors, keywords, publication information, and institutional affiliations, a bibliometric analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The top 100 most cited papers on optic nerve regeneration published between 2005 and 2025, accumulating 34,636 total citations with a median of 346 citations per paper. Prof. Zhigang He emerged as the most prolific author with 19 publications. The United States contributed 59 papers, while Harvard University led institutions with 30 publications. Key research themes included optic nerve regeneration, CNTF, gene therapy, and retinal ganglion cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analysis of top-cited optic nerve regeneration research reveals sustained United States leadership in output and innovation. Early work focused on neuronal signaling pathways (PTEN/mTOR, KLF family), while current studies explore novel targets and biomaterials. Global collaboration among the United States, China, and European nations has accelerated progress. Key challenges remain in achieving functional long-distance regeneration. Future direction should prioritize the development of multi-target therapeutic methods, precise drug delivery, and the control of inflammation to improve nerve regeneration efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1634999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated brain age in Moyamoya disease patients: a deep learning approach and correlation with disease severity.","authors":"Wenjie Li, Suhua Chen, Xin Chen, Xiangtian Ji, Huan Zhu, Qihang Zhang, Chenyu Zhu, Tao Wang, Yan Zhang, Jun Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1668993","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1668993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to utilize a DenseNet based deep learning framework to predict brain age in patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD), examining the relationship between brain age and disease severity to enhance diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed unenhanced MRI scans from 432 adult MMD patients and 565 normal controls collected between January 2018 and December 2022. Data preprocessing involved converting DICOM files to NIFTI format and labeling based on established diagnostic criteria. A DenseNet121 architecture, implemented using PyTorch, was employed to predict brain age. Statistical analyses included correlation assessments and comparisons between predicted brain age, chronological age, and MRA scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The predicted brain age for MMD patients was significantly higher than their chronological age, averaging 37.9 years versus 35.8 years (<i>p</i> < 0.01). For normal controls, predicted brain age matched chronological age at 36.5 years. Delta age (difference between predicted brain age and chronological age) was significantly elevated in MMD patients (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and positively correlated with MRA scores, indicating a link between arterial stenosis severity and accelerated brain aging.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The DenseNet based model effectively predicts brain age, revealing that MMD patients experience accelerated brain aging correlated with disease severity. These findings highlight the potential of brain age prediction as a biomarker for MMD, aiding in personalized treatment strategies and early intervention. Future research should explore multi-center datasets and longitudinal data to validate and extend these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1668993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertrophic olivary degeneration: a 7 Tesla advanced imaging case report.","authors":"Tommaso Calzoni, Graziella Donatelli, Gianmichele Migaleddu, Marta Lancione, Paolo Cecchi, Laura Biagi, Michele Caniglia, Roberto Ceravolo, Mirco Cosottini","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1656655","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1656655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>A 50-year-old patient developed ataxia, nystagmus, and palatal tremor. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed inferior olivary nuclei enlargement and hyperintensity in T2-weighted images, indicating hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). The patient's past medical history reported proton therapy for an VIII cranial nerve Schwannoma. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential alterations involving tracts and nuclei composing the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway (Guillain-Mollaret triangle) using an advanced ultra-high field (7 T) MRI protocol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The patient underwent a 7 T-MRI brain exam, including a multi-echo gradient-echo sequence for quantitative susceptibility mapping and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The DTI dataset was elaborated for tractography and computation of tensor metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7 T-MRI allowed the depiction of the brainstem tracts and nuclei composing the Guillain-Mollaret triangle. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of these structures demonstrated damage to the right red nucleus and the dentato-rubral tracts bilaterally. These findings are consistent with the pathophysiology of HOD and were confirmed in a follow-up MRI.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study highlights the capability of 7 T-MRI to depict and investigate brainstem substructures such as tracts and nuclei. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to depict all tracts composing the Guillain-Mollaret triangle and directly document their alterations in HOD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1656655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological respiratory chemoreflex activation predicts improvement of neurocognitive function in response to comtinuous positive airway pressure therapy.","authors":"Yu-Tong Hu, Yue-Nan Ni, Hugi Hilmisson, Robert Joseph Thomas","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1619467","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1619467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is a need for biomarkers predicting neurocognitive improvement following treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The role of sleep apnea endotypes as predictors are promising.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the relationship between a high loop gain biomarker, elevated low frequency narrow band (e-LFC_NB), and improvements in neurocognitive function in the Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The e-LFC_NB % metric was estimated on baseline polysomnography. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the potential association between e-LFC_NB% of total sleep time and the observed improvement in neurocognitive function following the specified treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 362 subjects received CPAP and had e-LFC_NB % measurements. For Sustained Working Memory Test-Overall Mid-Day (SWMT-OMD), e-LFC_NB% > 2.35% correlates positively with the proportion of participants who showed an increase in test scores > 0.65 after 2 months CPAP treatment (OR: 2.617, 95% CI: 1.095-6.252, <i>p</i>: 0.030); e-LFC_NB% > 9.45% correlates positively with improvement in test scores > 0.8 after 6 months CPAP treatment (OR: 2.553, 95% CI: 1.017-6.409, <i>p</i>: 0.046). For Buschke Selective Reminding Test sum recall (BSRT-SR), e-LFC_NB% > 3.65% correlates positively with an increase in test scores > 12 after 2 months CPAP treatment (OR: 2.696, 95% CI: 1.041-6.982, <i>p</i>: 0.041). Results of the Pathfinder Number Test-Total Time (PFN-TOTL) were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>e-LFC_NB% (probable high loop gain) may be a clinically useful predictor of cognitive improvement following CPAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1619467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: New strategies for spinal cord injury and immunotherapy targeting novel programmed death pathways.","authors":"SongOu Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1689295","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1689295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1689295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential central regulatory mechanisms of acupuncture for acute-stage Bell's palsy: an fMRI-based investigation.","authors":"Xiao-Shuang Xu, Ya-Ting Zhang, Xiao-Wei Li, Yu-Ling Shu, Jing-Can Zhang, Ting-Ting Miao, Yan-Yan Yang, Jun Yang, Hai-Ping Shi","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1647538","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1647538","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine changes in brain functional activity following acupuncture treatment for acute Bell's palsy (BP) and to investigate the potential central regulatory mechanisms involved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 55 patients with acute Bell's facial paralysis (within 1-7 days of onset) were enrolled in the patient group, while 48 individuals without the condition were included as the healthy control group. The patient group received acupuncture therapy at EX-HN16 (&lt;i&gt;Qianzheng)&lt;/i&gt;, SJ17 (&lt;i&gt;Yifeng&lt;/i&gt;), ST2 (&lt;i&gt;Sibai&lt;/i&gt;), GB14 (&lt;i&gt;Yangbai&lt;/i&gt;), EX-HN4 (&lt;i&gt;Yuyao&lt;/i&gt;), SI18 (&lt;i&gt;Quanliao&lt;/i&gt;), ST6 (&lt;i&gt;Jiache&lt;/i&gt;), ST4 (&lt;i&gt;Dicang&lt;/i&gt;), ST8 (&lt;i&gt;Touwei&lt;/i&gt;), and bilateral LI4 (&lt;i&gt;Hegu&lt;/i&gt;) points on the affected side. Each session lasted 30 min and was administered three times a week (Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday) until day 28 of the disease course. The patient group underwent fMRI scans, House-Brackmann (H-B) grading, Sunnybrook scale evaluation, and facial disability index (FDI) assessment both prior to the initial treatment and on the 28th day. The healthy group received a single fMRI scan after enrollment. MATLAB R2017 software was used to calculate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) in patients before and after treatment, as well as in healthy controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Following treatment, the patient group showed significant improvements in H-B, Sunnybrook, and FDI scores compared to pretreatment levels (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), with an overall effective rate of 96.4% (53/55). Prior to treatment, compared to healthy controls, patients exhibited decreased fALFF in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, increased fALFF in the right postcentral gyrus, left and right middle frontal gyri, and increased ReHo in the left precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left middle occipital gyrus. After treatment, when compared to healthy controls, patients showed decreased fALFF in the left and right medial superior frontal gyri, and increased fALFF in the right postcentral gyrus, left precentral gyrus, and bilateral lingual gyri, and increased ReHo in the right precentral gyrus, bilateral transverse temporal gyri, right lingual gyrus, and right thalamus, and decreased ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus. Relative to pretreatment values, patients displayed decreased fALFF in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and increased fALFF in the left precentral gyrus. Additionally, ReHo decreased the right and left medial superior frontal gyri, while it increased in the right inferior parietal angular gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and left superior parietal gyrus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Acupuncture demonstrates a clear therapeutic effect on acute BP and contribute to clinical symptom improvement. Marked differences in brain functional activity were observed ","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1647538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the roles of developmentally active neurons, in early-life adversity induced disruptions of adult behaviors.","authors":"Ryan Weber, Ali Mortazavi, Tallie Z Baram, Amalia Floriou-Servou","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1671495","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1671495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with subsequent mental health problems, and animal studies provide evidence for a causal role of ELA in the risk for mental illness, including persistent brain changes at molecular, cellular, network and functional levels. As enduring changes in cell function depend on orchestrated expression of genes, a robust body of research has focused on identifying the specific epigenetic and transcriptional programs through which ELA might induce brain changes. These studies have highlighted that the effects of ELA vary by brain region, cell-types and sex. Yet, while major advances were made in the past decade, the precise mechanisms through which ELA shapes the maturation and function of brain cells and their incorporation into circuits remain incompletely understood. Here, we discuss human and animal studies that focus on ELA-induced changes of the epigenome and transcriptome and explore recent technological advances that allow visualization and manipulation of neurons activated during ELA, at later stages of life. One such technology, Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP), enables precise and permanent genetic access to cells activated during specific sensitive developmental periods. Coupled with the appropriate tools, TRAP can be used to identify cellular transcriptional programs that are altered by the ELA experience in specific cell types and circuits, impacting cognitive and emotional brain functions enduringly. Understanding how ELA changes gene expression, circuit integration and function of neurons that are engaged by ELA will advance our understanding of the mechanisms employed by ELA to heighten the risk for mental illness later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1671495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12500684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease modification using adaptive cognitive assessments to improve responsiveness-a simulation study.","authors":"Antonio Rodríguez-Romero, Shibeshih Belachew, Emmanuel Bartholomé, Claudia Mazzà, Óscar Reyes, Carlos Luque, Silvan Pless, Corrado Bernasconi","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1653261","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1653261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinical studies assessing cognition in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases require endpoints that are sensitive to treatment response across a broad range of cognitive abilities. However, responsiveness of conventional cognitive assessments typically varies with the performance level, especially due to non-linearities such as floor or ceiling effects. Here, we evaluate 6 newly developed smartphone-based and gamified Adaptive Cognitive Assessments (ACAs) entailing a system of dynamic difficulty adaptation to individual performance, which is expected to improve adherence but also measurement properties. Deployment of such ACAs to maximize their discriminative ability in comparative studies requires exploration of many free parameters and complex dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In simulations of cohorts of patients with cognitive impairment, we compared two ACAs paradigms: after 14 daily tests allowing performance-based difficulty adaptation, the difficulty level was either (1) fixed or (2) kept adaptive for a period of 4 years with weekly testing. Sensitivity to between-group effects was assessed in cohorts characterized by cognitive decline observed in neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The discriminative ability of the two paradigms depends on features of the study design and subjects. At study end, the adaptive difficulty paradigm clearly outperformed the fixed-difficulty paradigm in terms of responsiveness for cognitive decline rates >2.5% per year.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>ACA can increase biomarker responsiveness to treatment effects over fixed difficulty. ACA deployment should be guided by study and assessment features, including duration, expected cognitive decline rates and effect size. In the high-dimensional parameter space of ACA instruments, study simulations are indispensable to identify suitable deployment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1653261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12500584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential susceptibility to prenatal stress exposure in serotonin transporter-deficient female mice-an epigenetic exploration.","authors":"Magdalena T Weidner, Johanna E M Zöller, Catharina S Hamann, Karla G Schraut, Muhammad Ali, Roy Lardenoije, Lars Eijssen, Konrad U Foerstner, Nikita Gorbunov, Tatyana Strekalova, Katharina Domschke, Angelika G Schmitt-Böhrer, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Nicole K Leibold, Daniel L A van den Hove","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1633386","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1633386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early-life stress exposure has been linked to an increased risk for the onset of mental disorders. As another factor, an individual's genetic make-up may also tip the scale towards health or disease, with certain genetic variants mediating differential susceptibility towards the effects of early-life stress or other experiences. The current study investigated the molecular foundation of individual variation in the response to prenatal stress (PS) exposure in wildtype mice as well as in mice deficient for the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) transporter (5-HTT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To meet this end, wildtype C57BL6/J dams were mated with 5-Htt+/- C57BL6/J males, after which they were exposed to restraint stress during the last part of gestation. In adulthood, female 5-HTT-deficient PS offspring and their wildtype littermates as well as age-matched control groups completed a behavioural test-battery, after which gene expression and histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) enrichment, as a marker of epigenetic programming, were measured in hippocampal tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dependent on the 5-Htt genotype, PS offspring showed decreased social behaviour in the 3-chamber sociability test. Notably, we observed a considerable degree of behavioural variation in the observed effect of PS in this social test, which allowed segregation into socially affected (SA) and socially unaffected (SU) mice. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiling of hippocampal tissue revealed a core set of 23 genes to be associated with genotype-specific variation in social behaviour following PS exposure. Whereas H3K4me3 levels did not show profound global changes in relation to the variable effects of PS exposure on social behaviour, the kinesin family member 14 (Kif14) gene, which displayed increased expression in socially unaffected wildtype mice, did show lower levels of H3K4me3 in those same mice, but not in any of the other groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>All in all, differential susceptibility linked to PS exposure displayed 5-Htt genotype-dependent behavioural and transcriptomic profiles, supporting the notion of 5-HT-dependent developmental programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1633386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12500653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal effects of epicranial current stimulation in macaque cortex.","authors":"Boateng Asamoah, Ahmad Khatoun, Maria C Romero, Elsie Premereur, Peter Janssen, Myles Mc Laughlin","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1627705","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1627705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) using scalp electrodes is noninvasive, safe and inexpensive. However, because the scalp shunts most of the current, electric fields (E-fields) in the brain are relatively weak. Conversely, invasive neuromodulation methods such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and invasive cortical stimulation (ICS) successfully treat many brain diseases. However, the expensive and risky surgery limits the reach of these approaches. Epicranial current stimulation (ECS), where electrodes are implanted on the skull, is a novel approach which can bridge the gap between these two extremes. In current study we investigated the effects of ECS on neural activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In two macaque monkeys we implanted two concentric ring electrodes directly on the skull. Each electrode targeted one area PFG (PFG is not an acronym; rather it is the full name of a particular part of the parietal cortex) of the parietal convexity. Furthermore, a craniotomy was drilled in the skull to access the same area PFG. While recording (2 min) we stimulated (during the second recording minute) with a 10 or 40 Hz sinewave using an unfocused montage (between two electrodes on each side of the head) or a focused (through the concentric electrodes) over an intensity range of 0.25 to 4 mA. These two montages allowed us to investigate neural responses to targeted and broad brain stimulation. Furthermore, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment we stimulated, at only 10 Hz, through an unfocused montage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that E-field strengths depended on a combination of montage and stimulation intensity. Depending on the montage stimulation caused entrainment as well as spike rate increases. For focused stimulation and unfocused stimulation at lower amplitudes neural activity became entrained to the stimulation (similar to TES). For the unfocused stimulation, as stimulation amplitude increased, spike-rates also increased (similar to ICS and DBS) while the unfocused did not affect spike rates. The fMRI study showed a distributed pattern of activations which is suggestive of a network response caused by ECS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECS has been used as a proxy for transcutaneous stimulation in rodent setups. Here we show that as a standalone technique it can be applied to a larger and more complex brain. This makes it a promising neuromodulation approach with clinical applications in patients who do not respond to TES but are not yet candidates for ICS or DBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1627705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12500610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}