Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on brain function in obstructive sleep apnea patients using regional homogeneity and seed-based functional connectivity methods.","authors":"Wang Zhezi, Xiong Yanxi, Xie Xingwu, Li Sheng, Mo Bencheng, Su Guangping, Lv Yunyi, Liu Yue","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1581884","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1581884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) on brain function in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) using Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) combined with seed-based Functional Connectivity (FC) methods.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>46 OSA patients, 38 OSA with T2DM patients, and 34 healthy controls (HC) were prospectively recruited. Clinical data were collected from all participants, and neuropsychological testing was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected, and ReHo combined with seed-based FC analysis was used to assess brain function differences among the three groups. Finally, partial correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between clinical variables and imaging metrics ofthe differential brain regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs group, the OSA group showed increased ReHo in the left occipital gyrus, and decreased ReHo in the right fusiform gyrus and left cerebellum region 8. Furthermore, FC between the left occipital gyrus and left cerebellum region 8, as well as between the right fusiform gyrus and left cerebellum region 3, was significantly decreased. Partial correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between ReHo in the right fusiform gyrus and the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), and a significant positive correlation between FC in the left cerebellum region 8 and MMSE scores. Compared to the OSA group, the OSA with T2DM group exhibited decreased ReHo in the left occipital gyrus, with increased FC between the left occipital gyrus and left thalamus. Partial correlation analysis showed that ReHo in the left occipital gyrus was significantly negatively correlated with the Insulin Resistance Index (IRI), while FC in the left thalamus was negatively correlated with MoCA scores and positively correlated with hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T2DM affects brain function in OSA patients, further exacerbating cognitive burden. These findings provide valuable insights into the neuropathological mechanisms ofT2DM in OSA and support the development of objective neuroimaging biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1581884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the use of structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging for characterizing SCD and MCI due to Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Hao Yang, Cheng Dong, Ying Cai, Mingming Zhao, Junfang Liu, Shizhu Bian, Xiaohan Ding","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1596459","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1596459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a great concern for society in general and clinicians specifically because of its high morbidity, relative lack of awareness of its characteristics, and low diagnosis and treatment rates. Worldwide, there is a lack of effective treatments for slowing the progression of AD in clinical practice. Thus, the management of patients in the preclinical phase of AD (PPAD) has been identified to be highly important for addressing this concern. PPAD is considered a preclinical manifestation of the early stages of AD and includes subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology have led to its demonstration of great potential in the early identification and progression monitoring of PPAD. Thus, in this review, we summarized the concepts, principles and applications of structural and diffusion MRI in the identification of PPAD to provide potential imaging markers that can be used by clinicians in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1596459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of clinical trials.","authors":"Kewei Chen, Lirong Sun, Yilan Liu, Ran Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1639911","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1639911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options and increasing incidence. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (MGBA) offers new insights for PD treatment, as gut microbiota imbalances are linked to PD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows potential to improve gut dysbiosis and has gained attention for PD treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a review following PRISMA 2009 guidelines, searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus up to December 1, 2024. We included clinical trials of FMT for PD patients, regardless of stage or type, with outcomes related to efficacy or safety. Non-clinical trials were excluded. Two investigators independently assessed studies, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias and quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,147 articles were retrieved, and six studies involving 104 patients were included. Four were randomized controlled trials, one was a cohort study, and one was a case series. Patients had a mean age of 63.2 years and disease duration of 5.6 years. After FMT, some patients showed improvements in UPDRS scores, H-Y grades, NMSS scores, and constipation symptoms, but results varied across studies. No serious FMT-related adverse events occurred. Most were mild gastrointestinal issues. Gut microbiota diversity and beneficial bacterial abundance changed after FMT, correlating with clinical outcomes. FMT materials were mostly from unrelated donors with diverse preparation and delivery methods.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>FMT shows efficacy and safety in PD treatment but is insufficient as a standard due to study heterogeneity and small sample sizes. Future research needs larger samples, unified tools, and standardized FMT procedures. Combining FMT with other therapies may improve efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1639911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Deregulation of mTORC1-TFEB axis in human iPSC model of <i>GBA1</i>-associated Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Fahad Mubariz, Afsoon Saadin, Nicholas Lingenfelter, Chinmoy Sarkar, Aditi Banerjee, Marta M Lipinski, Ola Awad","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1657693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1657693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1152503.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1657693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uridine treatment protects against blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of Li-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.","authors":"Birnur Aydin, Busra Ocalan Esmerce, Aysen Cakir, Sueda Tuncak, Cansu Koc, Mehmet Cansev, Tulin Alkan","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1635247","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1635247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is one of the most striking changes triggered by status epilepticus, which deserves specific attention in terms of novel treatment approaches targeting epileptogenesis. Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside with neuroprotective, antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic effects; however, its mechanism of action is not fully characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of uridine treatment on status epilepticus-induced-BBB dysfunction in an animal model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Status epilepticus was induced by lithium and pilocarpine administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats which were post-treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline or uridine (500 mg/kg b.w.; twice a day) for 2 days. Blood-brain barrier structural integrity was assessed by measuring expressions of endothelial tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel and its anchoring protein α1-syntrophin in hippocampal tissue 48 h after SE. Additionally, BBB permeability was determined by measuring brain edema and serum S100B levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data showed that uridine significantly prevented the reduction in ZO-1 and α1-syntrophin protein levels and attenuated serum S100B levels, indicating protective effects on BBB integrity and AQP4 polarization. In contrast, uridine enhanced brain water content in SE-induced rats, a finding that might be a result of maintained AQP4 polarization and enhanced cytotoxic edema.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together, our results showed for the first time that post-seizure treatment with uridine provides protection against BBB disruption in an experimental SE model; nevertheless, the long-term effects of this treatment warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1635247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>DNA</i>: detecting early signs of neurodegenerative diseases through activity and sleep analysis.","authors":"Hasina Attaullah, Sanaullah Sanaullah, Annika Peters, Qazi Arbab Ahmed, Justin Baudisch, Thorsten Jungeblut","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1617758","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1617758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons, is essential for timely intervention, which can improve patients' quality of life and slow down disease progression. Traditional diagnostic methods rely heavily on clinical tests, which can be infrequent and may not capture slight behavioral changes that indicate early cognitive or motor decline. This work presents a novel approach using smart home data to detect early signs of neurodegeneration through continuous monitoring of sleep patterns and daily activity routines. In a smart home environment, sensors passively monitor daily routines, sleep quality, and mobility patterns of the elderly persons. This paper introduces a novel framework combining the Sleep Deviation Patterns (SDP) and the Weighted Activity Deviation Index (WADI) to comprehensively analyze deviations in sleep and daily routines. The SDP framework captures deviations in sleep onset, duration, interruptions, and consistency using metrics such as Sleep Onset Deviation, Sleep Duration Deviation, Sleep Interruption Index, and Sleep Consistency Index-aggregated into a weighted Sleep Deviation Score. WADI quantifies deviations in daily activities by computing weighted absolute deviations of activity proportions relative to a reference routine. Thus, we applied our framework to real-world smart home datasets (TM001-TM004) from the CASAS project, which include labeled activity data from both single- and multi-resident households. Experimental findings reveal a distinct stratification: TM001 and TM002 exhibited Low WADI and Low SDP with an average of >0.015 - >0.2 scores, suggesting stable routines, whereas TM003 and TM004 demonstrated elevated with an average of >0.03 - >0.4 values, indicating disrupted behaviors. In TM004, up to 28% of days were flagged as anomalous, correlating with patterns consistent with early neurodegeneration such as fragmented sleep and disorganized activity routines. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the combined SDP and WADI frameworks effectively identify irregularities in sleep and activity patterns on real-world datasets. The proposed approach offers a robust and scalable solution for health monitoring, with potential applications in neurodegenerative disease detection, personalized healthcare, and smart home systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1617758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of mitochondrial dysfunction on axonal microtubule bundles as a potential mechanism of neurodegeneration.","authors":"Scott Murray-Cors, Milli Owens, Yu-Ting Liew, Maureece Day, William Cairns, Andreas Prokop","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1631752","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1631752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause for neurodegeneration, often associated with dyshomeostasis of reactive oxygen species, i.e., oxidative stress. However, apart from ATP production, mitochondria have many other functions the aberration of which may impact neurons in very different ways. Oxidative stress can cause the deterioration of axonal microtubule bundles, thus critically affecting the highways for life-sustaining transport and providing a potential path to neurodegeneration. We recently found that aberrant transport of mitochondria can have this effect by causing oxidative stress. We therefore asked which aberrations of mitochondrial physiology might impact microtubules, which of these might explain the observed consequences of aberrant mitochondrial transport, and whether mitochondria-induced microtubule phenotypes are always mediated by oxidative stress. Using one consistent <i>Drosophila</i> primary neuron system, we studied functional loss of 13 different mitochondrial factors known to be detrimental to neurons <i>in vivo</i>. Losses of five factors caused MT damage, namely pyruvate dehydrogenase A, succinate dehydrogenase A, adenine nucleotide translocase, frataxin and superoxide dismutase 2. All involved oxidative stress, hence supported the path from mitochondria via oxidative stress to microtubule deterioration; of these, we discuss superoxide dismutase 2 as potential candidate explaining effects of mitochondrial transport aberration. Six of the remaining factors not causing microtubule damage were important mitochondrial morphogenesis regulators, suggesting efficient protection mechanisms preventing oxidative stress upon mitochondrial contortion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1631752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the neuroscience of religion: an overview of the field, its limitations, and future interventions.","authors":"Harrison M Carvour, Anna K Radke, Nathan S French","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1587794","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1587794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neuroscience of religion (NoR), a field that studies various neural mechanisms and functions alongside their correlational relationships with religious phenomena, holds immense potential for development. Standard research methods, including brain imaging techniques and lesion studies, establish relationships between brain functions and religious practices, beliefs, and experiences. Despite increasing interest in this field since the start of the century, NoR has many limitations regarding the technology presently used, particularly in investigating specific aspects of religious behaviors regarding ritualized movements. However, using technologies not presently used in the field, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), along with applying other religious theories, could allow researchers to examine other behaviors, expand their understanding of religion, and bypass current limitations. Therefore, this review paper critically examines NoR, including discussions on methodologies and conclusions from the field, the application of theories of religion currently used, limitations of research methods, the potential incorporation of other theories of religion in the future, and the utilization of other technologies not presently employed in the field, possibly opening new avenues for inquiry and analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1587794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the multifaceted brain mechanisms of acupuncture based on neuroimaging studies: findings and insights from meta-analyses.","authors":"Beomku Kang, Da-Eun Yoon, Yeonhee Ryu, In-Seon Lee, Younbyoung Chae","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1643302","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1643302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1643302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mechanisms and targeted interventions in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: pathological cascade from ischemia to reperfusion and promising therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Xufeng Meng, Zhi Zheng, Li Yang, Chen Yang, Xiaoli Li, Yunfei Hao","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1649533","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1649533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a critical event causing secondary neurological deterioration following vascular recanalization in patients with ischemic stroke (IS), involving multiple interrelated pathological processes that synergistically aggravate brain injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, necessitating systematic investigation. This review systematically elucidates the dynamic pathological mechanisms underlying CI/RI during ischemic and reperfusion phases. Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial energy failure and TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammation predominate in the ischemic phase, while reperfusion triggers a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, amplifying oxidative stress (OS). These interconnected cascades form a self-perpetuating pathological loop. Targeting these pathways, therapies such as the TLR4 antagonist ApTOLL, the iron chelator deferoxamine, and the free radical scavenger Edaravone have shown promise. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist, including single-target limitations, poor delivery efficiency across the blood-brain barrier, and insufficient mechanistic insights. By integrating dynamic mechanisms and corresponding therapeutic strategies, this review summarizes recent advances in understanding the core pathological mechanisms and targeted interventions for CI/RI, discusses the current status and future prospects of these mechanisms and therapies, and aims to provide a systematic framework for mechanistic insights into CI/RI and a theoretical foundation for its precision treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1649533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}