Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neural correlates of emotional working memory predict depression and anxiety.","authors":"Leiting Li, Meirong Sun, Mengdi Qi, Yiwen Li, Dongwei Li","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1574901","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1574901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emotional working memory (WM) plays a critical role in cognitive functions such as emotion regulation, decision-making, and learning. Understanding how emotional stimuli, particularly negative ones, affect WM performance is crucial for identifying cognitive markers of mental health issues like anxiety and depression. Our objective is to determine whether trait anxiety and depression levels are associated with specific performance outcomes in emotional WM and whether behavioral and neural indicators demonstrate statistically significant correlations with individual anxiety and depression levels in university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our research: Experiment 1 (<i>n</i> = 25) tested WM performance with both positive and negative emotional stimuli under different cognitive loads (2 vs. 4 items), while Experiment 2 (<i>n</i> = 34) combined EEG recording to investigate the neural index of anxiety and depression during negative emotional WM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that negative emotional stimuli impaired WM performance, especially under higher cognitive loads, with anxiety level being linked to increased theta activity during encoding and depression level associated with decreased alpha activity during retrieval. Additionally, individuals with higher anxiety exhibited reduced sensitivity to cognitive load differences in WM tasks involving negative emotions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results demonstrated that specific EEG patterns during negative emotional WM were significantly associated with individual anxiety and depression levels, suggesting the potential utility of EEG measures for identifying at-risk individuals of anxiety and depression in university student populations. By linking cognitive and neural indicators, the study contributes to the development of personalized interventions for mental health monitoring and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1574901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms of symmetry perception: hemispheric specialization and the impact of noise on reflection symmetry detection.","authors":"Meng Wang, Jingjing Yang, Yiyang Yu, Qiong Wu, Fengxia Wu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1599112","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1599112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Symmetry is a crucial cue for perceptual grouping in human vision. This study investigates the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying symmetry perception, focusing on hemispheric specialization and the effects of noise on symmetry detection. Using psychophysical and electrophysiological (EEG) experiments, participants were presented with reflection symmetric patterns (full circle vs. right-left quarter-circle), under varying noise levels. Behavioral results demonstrated noise-induced impairment in accuracy (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with Cycle outperforming Quarter in noiseless conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), highlighting the role of contour completeness in perceptual grouping. EEG recordings revealed distinct neural mechanisms associated with different stages of symmetry processing. Early sensory processing exhibited left-hemisphere dominance, while later stages implicated the right hemisphere in noise-modulated global integration. Noise disrupted early contour integration and attenuated higher-order object recognition processes, with right-hemisphere sensitivity to noise emerging during decision-making. These findings challenge the strong version of the callosal hypothesis, highlighting the complexity of hemispheric interactions in symmetry perception. This study provides new insights into the interplay between bottom-up sensory processing and top-down hemispheric interactions in perceptual organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1599112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysemia as a concept to understand the encoding of sensory information.","authors":"Christian Ethier, Zohreh Vaziri, Martin Deschênes","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1588437","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1588437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we explore the concept of polysemia in sensory information processing within the brain. We suggest that, just as words can have different meanings based on context, sensory inputs are interpreted differently depending on the animal's current state and behavior. Focusing on the trigeminal sensory nuclei in rats, we highlight the role of inhibitory circuits in gating sensory information and propose that sensory signals are polysemic, with their meaning influenced by emotional, hormonal, and motivational factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1588437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant white matter and subcortical gray matter functional network connectivity associated with static and dynamic characteristics in subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy.","authors":"Sukesh Kumar Das, George B Hanna, Hai Sun, Bharat B Biswal","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1571682","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1571682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common type of epilepsy, with seizures primarily originating in the deep temporal lobe. This condition results in changes in connectivity across gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) regions. This altered connectivity categorizes TLE as a network disorder, highlighting the need to investigate functional network connectivity (FNC) in WM areas. Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) measures time-varying correlations between two or multiple regions of interest and derives clusters highlighting functional networks (FNs) where connectivity among regions behaves in a similar fashion. In this study, we included a total of 103 subjects from the Epilepsy Connectome Project, comprising 51 healthy controls (HC), and 52 subjects with TLE. We obtained static FNs (sFNs) and dynamic FNs (dFNs) using K-means clustering on ROI-based static functional connectivity (sFC) and dFC, respectively. Both static and dynamic FNCs were then separately investigated in HC and TLE subjects, with the latter demonstrating significant differences in WM networks. The static FNC was significantly decreased between the Forceps minor-Anterior corona radiata (ACR) - genu and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in TLE. Dynamic FNC significantly decreased between the corpus callosum (CC) (body) - superior corona radiata - right superior longitudinal fasciculus network and the Forceps minor - ACR - medial frontal gyrus network in subjects with TLE. This result implies that this WM connection changes with lower variability in TLE. On the other hand, the dynamic connections between the left temporal sub gyral - left thalamus - left pallidus - left hippocampus and right thalamus - right putamen - right temporal sub gyral - right pallidus network and the connections between the cingulum network and right thalamus - right putamen - right temporal sub gyral - right pallidus network significantly increased. These results indicate that these two GM subcortical connections change with higher variability in TLE. The study also demonstrates that the static functional connectivity strength (FCS) of the left ILF decreased significantly in subjects with TLE. However, the dynamic FCS of the splenium and brain stem were altered significantly in TLE, implying that the total dynamic connections of this network with all other networks experienced greater changes. Furthermore, the FNC suggests that the WM regions - ILF, superior and ACR, and CC exhibit connectivity changes related to the clinical features.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1571682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved dementia screening for elderly with low education in South Korea using the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST).","authors":"Kyung Wook Kang, Gilsoon Park, Hyunsoo Kim, Soo Hyun Cho, Seong-Min Choi, Kang-Ho Choi, Hak-Loh Lee, Gwangsoon Shon, Byeong C Kim, Hosung Kim","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1599019","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1599019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used cognitive screening test worldwide; however, it often overdiagnoses older adults with low education levels. In contrast, the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST), developed by South Korea's Ministry of Health and Welfare, may address this shortcoming. In this study, we compare the CIST and the Korean version of the MMSE (K-MMSE) in older adults with no formal education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 100 older adults (≥ 65 years)-27 with normal cognition (NC), 37 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 36 with dementia (DM). All completed both the CIST and K-MMSE. First, we analyzed correlations between the CIST and K-MMSE. Next, we performed an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for age and sex, to compare group performance. Finally, classification performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, examining the area under the curve (AUC) and other relevant metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CIST showed positive correlations with both the K-MMSE (<i>r</i> = 0.722) and the K-MMSE z-score (<i>r</i> = 0.625). ANCOVA revealed significant group differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for both measures. When distinguishing NC from MCI/DM, the CIST outperformed the K-MMSE, demonstrating a higher AUC (0.869 vs. 0.842) and F1-score (0.697 vs. 0.409).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CIST is a reliable and useful tool for assessing cognitive function, showing advantages over the K-MMSE in detecting cognitive decline among older adults without formal education. Further large-scale validation studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1599019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the spatial limits of somatotopic and depth-dependent sensory discrimination stimuli in rats via intracortical microstimulation.","authors":"Thomas J Smith, Hari Srinivasan, Madison Jiang, Ghazaal Tahmasebi, Sophia Vargas, Luisa R Villafranca, Shreya Tirumala Kumara, Ashlynn Ogundipe, Ajaree Massaquoi, Shreya Chandna, Yovia Mehretab, Riya Shipurkar, Pegah Haghighi, Stuart F Cogan, Ana G Hernandez-Reynoso, Joseph J Pancrazio","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1602996","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1602996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The somatosensory cortex can be electrically stimulated via intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to induce a range of vibrotactile sensations. While previous studies have employed multi-shank MEA configurations to map somatotopic relationships, the influence of cortical depth on sensory discrimination remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for investigating the spatial limits of stimulation-evoked sensory discrimination based on cortical depth and somatotopic relationships in rodents. To achieve this, we implanted single-shank and four-shank 16-channel MEAs into the primary somatosensory cortex of male rats. Then, we defined distinct stimulation patterns for comparison, each consisting of four simultaneously stimulated electrode sites separated along the length of the single-shank device or between shanks for the four-shank device. Next, we utilized a nose-poking, two-choice sensory discrimination task to evaluate each rat's ability to accurately differentiate between these patterns. We demonstrate that the rats were able to reliably discriminate between the most superficial (450-750 μm) and deepest (1650-1950 μm) single-shank patterns with 90% accuracy, whereas discrimination between the most superficial and next adjacent pattern (650-950 μm) significantly dropped to 53% (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similarly, in the four-shank group, discrimination accuracy was 88% for the furthest pattern pairs (375 μm difference) but significantly fell to 62% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for the closest pairs (125 μm difference). Overall, the single-shank subjects could robustly differentiate between stimuli separated by 800 μm along a cortical column whereas, the multi-shank animals could robustly differentiate between stimuli delivered from shanks separated by 250 μm. Results showed that when spatial distances between stimuli patterns were decreased, the rats had reduced discriminable accuracy, suggesting greater difficulty when differentiating closely positioned stimuli. To better understand the single-shank results, we also utilized computational modeling to compare our in-vivo results against neuronal activation volumes presented in a biophysically realistic model of the somatosensory cortex. These simulations displayed overlapping volumes of activated neurons via antidromic propagation of axons for the closest pattern pair, potentially influencing discriminable limits. This work, which offers insight into how the physical separation of stimulating microelectrode sites maps to discernable percepts, informs the design considerations for future intracortical microstimulation arrays.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1602996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: ADHD detection from EEG signals using GCN based on multi-domain features.","authors":"Ling Li, Xueyang Guo, Zihan Yang, Yanping Zhao, Xu Liu, Junxian Yang, Yanyan Chen, Xinxian Peng, Lina Han","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1621212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1621212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1561994.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1621212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial ultrasound stimulation in neuromodulation: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024.","authors":"Jingxuan Wang, Yuling Wang, Shuyan Qie","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1595061","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1595061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with promising clinical potential. Its therapeutic efficacy and safety are significantly influenced by stimulation parameters. However, the global research hotspots and future research trends of TUS application in the field of rehabilitation are unclear. This study analyzes the status of TUS research. Understand the annual publication trends, international and institutional cooperation pattern and influential authors and journals and keyword hotspot.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the Web of Science core database using TUS-related subject headings until 27 December 2024. Two researchers independently screened articles based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Software packages such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visualize the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 577 literatures were included. The results show that the annual publication volume shows an increasing trend, reaching a peak in 2024. The United States, China and Germany dominated the number of publications, with the largest number of institutions being Harvard University, the University of Toronto and Brigham and Women's Hospital. Brain stimulation is the journal with the most articles and citations. Research hotspots include transcranial magnetic stimulation, noninvasive brain stimulation, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A bibliometric analysis of the literature shows that research interest in transcranial ultrasound stimulation is growing rapidly, with annual publications growing exponentially since 2013 and receiving increasing attention from researchers. The findings suggest that TUS is currently used primarily in neurological diseases, particularly in the study of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. At the same time, it is found that an emerging international cooperation model with the partnership between the United States, China and Germany as the core has gradually taken shape. Although preclinical studies have shown promising neuromodulator effects, the current study suggests that TUS needs to undergo further multicenter clinical validation. These findings provide evidence to guide future research priorities for non-invasive neuromodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1595061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of joint position sense measured by inertial sensors embedded in portable digital devices with different masses.","authors":"José Ramon Gama Almeida, Luis Carlos Pereira Monteiro, Pedro Henrique Castro de Souza, André Dos Santos Cabral, Anderson Belgamo, Anselmo de Athayde Costa E Silva, Alex Crisp, Bianca Callegari, Aymee Lobato Brito, Paulo Eduardo Santos Ávila, José Aparecido da Silva, Gilmara de Nazareth Bastos, Givago Silva Souza","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1561241","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1561241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Joint position sense can be assessed using various devices, including inertial sensors embedded in smartphones and wearable technologies. However, the mass of these portable instruments may influence proprioceptive input during joint repositioning tasks.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare participants' performance in a joint position sense task using a smartphone and an ultra-light wearable sensor to measure elbow angular displacement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen adults participated in a passive-active joint position sense test. In this task, participants were required to memorize a passively flexed elbow position and actively reposition the joint across four trials. The angular position during joint repositioning, as well as absolute and relative errors, were compared between trials using a smartphone (weighing several hundred grams) and an ultra-light wearable sensor (weighing only a few dozen grams). Agreement analysis between the devices and reliability assessments for inter-device measurements and for each device were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant variation in the joint angle at the target position was observed across trials using the ultra-light wearable sensor. In contrast, a significant increase in joint angle at the target position was noted when the smartphone was used. Absolute errors were similar between devices, while relative errors showed significant differences in the first two trials. Overall, systematic biases favored the measurements obtained with the smartphone and inter-device reliability were moderate. Smartphone demonstrated moderate-to-good reliability, and the wearable had poor-to-moderate in test-retest evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although measurements from the two devices showed agreement, significant systematic biases were observed, favoring the heavier device. Both the smartphone and the wearable sensor provided reliable measurements for assessing elbow joint position sense.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1561241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin rhythm disorder is more pronounced in major depressive disorder with non-suicidal self-injury.","authors":"Xiaojuan Hu, Aiguo Zhang, Chao Wang, Xulai Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1534715","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1534715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Disruptions in melatonin (MT) rhythms have been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and may be further associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study investigates whether MDD patients with NSSI exhibit more pronounced MT rhythm disturbances and whether these disruptions correlate with NSSI-related thoughts and the motivation to cease self-injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 100 participants aged 14-24 years, including 30 healthy controls (HC) and 70 inpatients diagnosed with MDD. The MDD group was further divided into those with NSSI (NSSI group, <i>n</i> = 35) and those without NSSI (Non-NSSI group, <i>n</i> = 35). Salivary MT levels were measured at six intervals (12 a.m., 8 a.m., 11 a.m., 1 p.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m.) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) assessed NSSI perception and motivation in the NSSI group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Melatonin levels were significantly lower across all six time points in the NSSI group compared to both the Non-NSSI and HC groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and MT circadian rhythms were notably absent in the NSSI group. Correlational analysis revealed specific associations between MT levels and NSSI behavior, with MT levels at 1 PM positively correlated with invasive self-harm impulses (r = 0.487, <i>P</i> = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.141 to 0.834) and MT levels at 8 a.m. and 11 a.m. inversely correlated with the desire to stop self-injury (r = -0.427, <i>P</i> = 0.010, 95% CI: -0.774 to -0.081; r = 0.348, <i>P</i> = 0.040, 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.695, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower MT levels and disrupted circadian rhythms are associated with NSSI in MDD patients, highlighting a potential link between circadian dysfunction and self-injurious behaviors. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1534715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}