Frontiers in Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Early detection and classification of Alzheimer's disease through data fusion of MRI and DTI images using the YOLOv11 neural network.","authors":"Wided Hechkel, Abdelhamid Helali","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1554015","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1554015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, affecting over 55 million people globally, with numbers expected to rise dramatically. Early detection and classification of AD are crucial for improving patient outcomes and slowing disease progression. However, conventional diagnostic approaches often fail to provide accurate classification in the early stages. This paper proposes a novel approach using advanced computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems and the YOLOv11 neural network for early detection and classification of AD. The YOLOv11 model leverages its advanced object detection capabilities to simultaneously localize and classify AD-related biomarkers by integrating multimodal data fusion of T2-weighted MRI and DTI images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected and annotated based on known AD biomarkers, and the YOLOv11 model was trained to classify AD into four stages: Cognitively Normal (CN), Early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI), Late Mild Cognitive Impairment (LMCI), and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The model achieved exceptional performance, with 93.6% precision, 91.6% recall, and 96.7% mAP50, demonstrating its ability to identify subtle biomarkers by combining MRI and DTI modalities. This work highlights the novelty of using YOLOv11 for simultaneous detection and classification, offering a promising strategy for early-stage AD diagnosis and classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1554015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foveal vision reduces neural resources in agent-based game learning.","authors":"Runping Chen, Gerd J Kunde, Louis Tao, Andrew T Sornborger","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1547264","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1547264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient processing of information is crucial for the optimization of neural resources in both biological and artificial visual systems. In this paper, we study the efficiency that may be obtained via the use of a fovea. Using biologically-motivated agents, we study visual information processing, learning, and decision making in a controlled artificial environment, namely the Atari Pong video game. We compare the resources necessary to play Pong between agents with and without a fovea. Our study shows that a fovea can significantly reduce the neural resources, in the form of number of neurons, number of synapses, and number of computations, while at the same time maintaining performance at playing Pong. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which an agent must simultaneously optimize its visual system, along with its decision making and action generation capabilities. That is, the visual system is integral to a complete agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1547264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal environment affects auditory development and sensorimotor gating in a rat model for autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Ella Elizabeth Doornaert, Alaa El-Cheikh Mohamad, Gurwinder Johal, Brian Leonard Allman, Dorit Möhrle, Susanne Schmid","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1565919","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1565919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The homozygous <i>Cntnap2</i> knockout (KO) rat is a well-established genetic model for neurodevelopmental disorders, exhibiting core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including impaired sensory processing and sensorimotor gating. Recent findings indicate that the severity of ASD-like phenotypes in <i>Cntnap2</i> KO offspring is influenced by the parental genotype, with more pronounced impairments observed in KO rats bred from homozygous pairs compared to heterozygous pairs (<i>Cntnap2</i> HET). However, it is unclear to what extent this is due to <i>in utero</i> versus postnatal effects. We, therefore, investigated how early postnatal environmental factors, shaped by differences in parental and littermate genotypes, influence auditory processing and sensorimotor gating in <i>Cntnap2</i> KO rats. To examine this, we cross-fostered <i>Cntnap2</i> KO pups bred from <i>Cntnap2</i> KO rats to be reared with litters of <i>Cntnap2</i> HET dams. Cross-fostering <i>Cntnap2</i> KO rats reversed or partially reversed delayed hearing sensitivity maturation, heightened acoustic startle responses, and deficits in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. However, cross-fostering also exacerbated deficits in the neural responsiveness and conductivity in the auditory brainstem, as well as in gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. These results emphasize the importance of considering the postnatal environment and breeding strategies in preclinical genetic models of neuropsychiatric disorders. More importantly, they also demonstrate that ASD-like traits, including alterations in brainstem sensory processing, are not strictly determined by genetic factors, but remain malleable by environmental factors during early postnatal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1565919"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Top-down modulation of dichotic listening affects interhemispheric connectivity: an electroencephalography study.","authors":"Osama Elyamany, Jona Iffland, Denise Lockhofen, Saskia Steinmann, Gregor Leicht, Christoph Mulert","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1579854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1579854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1424746.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1579854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms underlying synchronization of movement to musical cues in Parkinson disease and aging.","authors":"Elinor C Harrison, Sarah Grossen, Lauren E Tueth, Allison M Haussler, Kerri S Rawson, Meghan C Campbell, Gammon M Earhart","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1550802","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1550802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>External and internal musical cues provide therapeutic techniques for gait rehabilitation in aging and neurological disorders. For people with Parkinson disease (PwPD), mental singing is a type of internal cue that can regularize gait timing. No studies to date have directly measured brain activity during external and internal musical cues as used in gait rehabilitation. Evidence suggests the neural mechanisms of external vs. internal cued movement differ. External cues are thought to drive movement via recruitment of cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways, while internal cues are thought to rely more on striato-pallido-thalamocortical (SPT) pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the neural mechanisms that underlie acute responses to external cues (listening to music) and internal cues (mental singing). Using fMRI, we imaged PwPD and age-matched healthy controls (HC) while performing finger tapping during musical cueing tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences were seen between PwPD and HC in any of the comparisons. Functional imaging results showed activation of sensorimotor cortex, temporal gyri, supplementary motor areas, and putamen for both cueing tasks. External cues additionally activated auditory cortex while internal cues additionally activated the cerebellum. When directly comparing cue types, external cues displayed greater activity in the primary auditory cortex and temporal gyri.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest similar brain regions are activated during musically-cued movements for both PwPD and HC and both cue types utilize parallel pathways for processing. Both cue types may facilitate use of remaining function of areas that degenerate in PD (e.g., putamen) and potentially also activate routes through less impaired areas (e.g., cerebellum). This supports the idea that the CTC and SPT pathways work in tandem and facilitate sensorimotor activity via a complex interplay between neural circuits. These findings have implications for how external and internal cues may be administered in future therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1550802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-induced white matter dysfunction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.","authors":"Xingyou Zheng, Li Li, Jian-Ming Gao, Yang Hu, Limeng Deng, Ya-Fei Kang, Youming Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1548744","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1548744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-induced structural abnormalities in white matter (WM) have been reported in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, the alterations in functional domain were insufficiently investigated. A total of 111 NPC patients were included and these patients, based on whether completed radiation therapy (RT) or not, were divided into pre-RT (<i>n</i> = 47) and post-RT (<i>n</i> = 64) groups. Functional connectivity strength (FCS) between WM regions (WW-FCS) and between WM and gray matter (GM) regions (GW-FCS) was used to investigate the radiation-induced changes in WM function. Compared with the pre-RT patients, post-RT NPC patients showed decreased WW-FCS in the left superior cerebellar peduncle, right anterior limb of internal capsule, bilateral posterior thalamic radiation, and left tapetum. Compared with the pre-RT patients, post-RT NPC patients showed decreased GW-FCS in the left caudate, bilateral visual cortex, and the right ventral prefrontal cortex. In the post-RT group, the GW-FCS in left visual cortex was negatively correlated with radiation dosage for the brain stem (r = -0.35, <i>p</i> = 0.039), and for the left temporal lobe (r = -0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.0058). The GW-FCS in right visual cortex was negatively correlated with radiation dosage for the left temporal lobe (r = -0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.025). Our findings of decreased WW-FCS and GW-FCS in such brain regions (such as visual cortex, posterior thalamic radiation, and anterior limb of internal capsule, as well as superior cerebellar peduncle) suggest potential functional impairments in visual and motor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1548744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological characteristics of reward processing in deaf college students under different social contexts.","authors":"Xue Du, Ting Huang, Shiqiong Wu, Xingru Wang, Xiaoyi Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1524443","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1524443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the context of social exclusion, individuals tend to make choices that are advantageous to themselves and optimize their interests. Due to hearing impairment, deaf college students face more social exclusion in our society. However, the neural mechanisms of reward processing in deaf college students during different situations of social exclusion remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 27 deaf college students completed the monetary and social reward delay tasks while recording event-related potential (ERP) data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The behavioral hit rate was sensitive to the main effect of social context; that is, the deaf college students showed a higher hit rate in social inclusion than in social exclusion. The amplitude of Cue P3 elicited by reward cues was found to be higher in social exclusion than in social inclusion, particularly when the amplitudes of monetary cues were higher than those of social cues. In the reward feedback outcome phase, small magnitude induced a greater feedback-evoked P3 than large magnitude. Additionally, they exhibited a large feedback-related negativity amplitude for large-magnitude (but not for small-magnitude) monetary reward cues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deaf college students were more sensitive to reward cues in social exclusion than in social inclusion, especially to monetary cues, and more concerned with attaining greater monetary gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1524443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural signatures of extreme sensitivities to light: cortical markers in hypersensitive and hyposensitive individuals via EEG.","authors":"Valerio Salvati, Satoru Otani, Elisa M Tartaglia","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1542154","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1542154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light plays a crucial role in human biology. However, while the general pathways involved in light perception are well-understood, the specific neural mechanisms explaining why some individuals experience an adverse behavioral response to light (hypersensitivity), while others rather the opposite (hyposensitivity) remain unclear. Here, leveraging the high temporal resolution of EEG, we set out to test the hypothesis that, in hyposensitive individuals, an excessive sensory stimulation may lead to neural hyper-excitability. Such an enhanced response, in turn, might be key to mitigate discomfort. We conducted our study on 21 participants, who underwent light exposure tests at varying intensities. Our findings revealed that hyposensitive individuals, who are less averse to intense light exposure, can rely on a more efficient neuroprotective mechanism against sensory overload, when compared to hypersensitive individuals. Such a mechanism is mainly and consistently expressed through the increase in power of beta and gamma oscillations, along with a delayed onset of the P100 component in response to light stimuli. These findings open the door for future research to adaptive technologies that utilize EEG markers to create personalized, real-time interventions for light sensitivity, such as adaptive wearable devices or environmental systems that dynamically adjust lighting based on neural feedback, providing immediate relief for hypersensitive individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1542154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic brain quantification in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.","authors":"Jaime Simarro, Thibo Billiet, Thanh Vân Phan, Simon Van Eyndhoven, Monica Crotti, Lize Kleeren, Lisa Mailleux, Nofar Ben Itzhak, Diana M Sima, Els Ortibus, Ahmed M Radwan","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1540480","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1540480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing brain damage in children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) is challenging, particularly in clinical settings. In this study, we developed and validated a deep learning-based pipeline to automatically quantify lesion-free brain volumes. Using T1-weighted and FLAIR MRI data from 35 patients (aged 5-15 years), we trained models to segment brain structures and lesions, utilizing an automatic label generation workflow. Validation was performed on 54 children with CP (aged 7-16 years) using quantitative and qualitative metrics, as well as an independent dataset of 36 children with congenital or acquired brain anatomy distortions (aged 1-17 years). Clinical evaluation examined the correlation of lesion-free volumes with visual-based assessments of lesion extent and motor and visual outcomes. The models achieved robust segmentation performance in brains with severe anatomical alterations and heterogeneous lesion appearances, identifying reduced volumes in the affected hemisphere, which correlated with lesion extent (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Further, regional lesion-free volumes, especially in subcortical structures such as the thalamus, were linked to motor and visual outcomes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results support the utility of automated lesion-free volume quantification for exploring brain structure-function relationships in uCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1540480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of lipid metabolism, energy production, and oxidative stress in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War Syndrome and fibromyalgia.","authors":"Leah Davis, Maisy Higgs, Ailsa Snaith, Tiffany A Lodge, James Strong, Jose A Espejo-Oltra, Sławomir Kujawski, Paweł Zalewski, Etheresia Pretorius, Michael Hoerger, Karl J Morten","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1498981","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnins.2025.1498981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), Gulf War Syndrome (GWS), and Fibromyalgia (FM) are complex, chronic illnesses with overlapping clinical features. Symptoms that are reported across these conditions include post-exertional malaise (PEM), fatigue, and pain, yet the etiology of these illnesses remains largely unknown. Diagnosis is challenging in patients with these conditions as definitive biomarkers are lacking; patients are required to meet clinical criteria and often undergo lengthy testing to exclude other conditions, a process that is often prolonged, costly, and burdensome for patients. The identification of reliable validated biomarkers could facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis and drive the development of targeted pharmacological therapies that might address the underlying pathophysiology of these diseases. Major driving forces for biomarker identification are the advancing fields of metabolomics and proteomics that allow for comprehensive characterization of metabolites and proteins in biological specimens. Recent technological developments in these areas enable high-throughput analysis of thousands of metabolites and proteins from a variety of biological samples and model systems, that provides a powerful approach to unraveling the metabolic phenotypes associated with these complex diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that ME/CFS, GWS, and FM are all characterized by disturbances in metabolic pathways, particularly those related to energy production, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Altered levels of key metabolites in these pathways have been reported in studies highlighting potential common biochemical abnormalities. The precise mechanisms driving altered metabolic pathways in ME/CFS, GWS, and FM remain to be elucidated; however, the elevated oxidative stress observed across these illnesses may contribute to symptoms and offer a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Investigating the mechanisms, and their role in the disease process, could provide insights into disease pathogenesis and reveal novel treatment targets. As such, comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic analyses are crucial for advancing the understanding of these conditions in-order to identify both common, and unique, metabolic alterations that could serve as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1498981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}