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Land plant-specific H3K27 methyltransferases ATXR5 and ATXR6 control plant development and stress responses 陆地植物特异性H3K27甲基转移酶ATXR5和ATXR6控制植物发育和胁迫反应
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03801-5
Xiaoyi Li, Jie Pan, Qian Liu, Huairen Zhang, Hui Li, Danhua Jiang
{"title":"Land plant-specific H3K27 methyltransferases ATXR5 and ATXR6 control plant development and stress responses","authors":"Xiaoyi Li, Jie Pan, Qian Liu, Huairen Zhang, Hui Li, Danhua Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03801-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03801-5","url":null,"abstract":"Histone modifications are critical for transcriptional regulation. A notable genetic innovation in land plants is the emergence of histone lysine methyltransferases ATXR5/6, which specifically catalyze the repressive histone H3 lysine 27 monomethylation (H3K27me1). Current knowledge of ATXR5/6 function is largely based on Arabidopsis studies using a weak atxr5;atxr6 hypomorphic mutant, in which ATXR6 is still partially expressed and defects are primarily observed in heterochromatin. However, the significance for land plants to evolve these enzymes remains unclear. In this study, we generate strong atxr5;atxr6 mutants with further reduced ATXR6 expression in Arabidopsis to explore the broader roles of ATXR5/6. Our results show that ATXR5/6 are essential for plant reproductive development and play a critical role in supporting normal plant growth by repressing the transcription of stress responsive genes. In addition, ATXR5/6 are necessary for maintaining H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), likely by providing H3K27me1 as a substrate for further methylation. We also demonstrate that the function of ATXR5/6 in regulating development and responsive genes is conserved in the monocot rice. Our findings suggest that land plants evolved ATXR5/6 not only to maintain heterochromatin, but also to regulate development and environmental responses, providing new insights into the functional significance of ATXR5/6 in land plants.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antagonistic effects of selection on alleles associated with seed size and seed dormancy in wheat 小麦种子大小和种子休眠相关等位基因的选择拮抗作用
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03770-9
Feilong Guo, Changbin Yin, Tian Li, Sitong Liu, Jiayu Dong, Hao Jiang, Yu Fang, Jun Wei, Yi Han, Yu Li, Hong Cao, Yuting Ning, Galal Khamis, Xin Deng, Ke Wang, Jirui Wang, Cuijun Zhang, Fei Lu, Yongxiu Liu
{"title":"Antagonistic effects of selection on alleles associated with seed size and seed dormancy in wheat","authors":"Feilong Guo, Changbin Yin, Tian Li, Sitong Liu, Jiayu Dong, Hao Jiang, Yu Fang, Jun Wei, Yi Han, Yu Li, Hong Cao, Yuting Ning, Galal Khamis, Xin Deng, Ke Wang, Jirui Wang, Cuijun Zhang, Fei Lu, Yongxiu Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03770-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03770-9","url":null,"abstract":"Seed dormancy and size are two crucial traits influencing crop yield, and they have undergone strong selection during cereal domestication and improvement. However, the genetic basis underlying the antagonistic effects between seed dormancy and seed size remains poorly understood. Based on genome-wide association study, we perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of 545 global wheat accessions to dissect the genetic architecture of these two traits during wheat improvement. We detect a strong negative correlation between the accumulation of favorable alleles for seed dormancy and the accumulation of favorable alleles for seed size. At the wheat genome level, a set of SNPs harboring antagonistic alleles explain up to 26.56% and 47.21% of the phenotypic variation for seed dormancy and seed size, respectively. In contrast, a set of SNPs with synergistic alleles account for only 0.54% and 1.12% of the variation in both traits. During wheat breeding improvement, favorable alleles associated with increased seed size are preferentially selected, resulting in a compromise in seed dormancy. Under different climate conditions, the frequencies of haplotypes of the pleiotropic genes with antagonistic effects and synergistic loci collectively shape wheat diversity through balancing seed dormancy and seed size. Our findings reveal the genetic architecture underlying the observed weakening of seed dormancy as seed size increases during wheat improvement, enabling further genome-informed cultivar breeding to balance and improve seed dormancy and seed size traits.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dissecting the genetic architecture of circadian rhythms in human tissues using a quantitative circadian deviation score 使用定量昼夜节律偏差评分剖析人体组织中昼夜节律的遗传结构
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03767-4
Zheyu Li, Liang Chen
{"title":"Dissecting the genetic architecture of circadian rhythms in human tissues using a quantitative circadian deviation score","authors":"Zheyu Li, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03767-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03767-4","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian rhythms influence various physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep, metabolism, and immune response. Although key regulatory factors of biological clocks have been identified and genome-wide association studies have pinpointed some genetic variants linked to sleep traits, the genetic architecture underlying circadian rhythms remains incompletely understood. Here, we introduce the circadian deviation score, a novel quantitative trait that measures circadian disruption at the molecular level. Derived from gene expression levels of thousands of circadian genes across Human tissues, this score helps identify tissue-specific genetic influences on circadian rhythms. Our analysis reveals 654 SNPs, which we named Circ-SNPs, associated with global circadian disruption at the expression level. These include previously known SNPs Linked to insomnia, chronotype, and circadian rhythm, as well as new SNPs that enhance understanding of circadian regulation. Most Circ-SNPs exhibit significant associations with the circadian deviation score in the small intestine and adrenal gland, with about 19.4% situated on the X chromosome, highlighting sex-specific differences in circadian disorders. Circ-SNPs often reside near the 3′ end of transcripts, indicating their potential regulatory roles, particularly in post-transcriptional processes. The genes harboring Circ-SNPs, which we named Circ-regulators, are enriched for known circadian traits. DrugBank analysis shows 18 of 122 protein-coding Circ-regulators are targetable by 163 existing drugs, including six approved for sleep disorders. Our findings highlight the potential for repurposing existing drugs to treat circadian-related disorders and provide a deeper understanding of the genetic components of circadian rhythms and sleep disorders.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determinants of de novo mutations in extended pedigrees of 43 dog breeds 43个犬种扩展谱系中新生突变的决定因素
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03804-2
Shao-Jie Zhang, Jilong Ma, Meritxell Riera, Søren Besenbacher, Julia E. Niskanen, Noora Salokorpi, Sruthi Hundi, Marjo K. Hytönen, Tong Zhou, Gui-Mei Li, Elaine A. Ostrander, Mikkel Heide Schierup, Hannes Lohi, Guo-Dong Wang
{"title":"Determinants of de novo mutations in extended pedigrees of 43 dog breeds","authors":"Shao-Jie Zhang, Jilong Ma, Meritxell Riera, Søren Besenbacher, Julia E. Niskanen, Noora Salokorpi, Sruthi Hundi, Marjo K. Hytönen, Tong Zhou, Gui-Mei Li, Elaine A. Ostrander, Mikkel Heide Schierup, Hannes Lohi, Guo-Dong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03804-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03804-2","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the determinants of de novo mutation is critical for elucidating evolutionary processes and genetic disease susceptibility. But the interplay between life history, genomic architecture, and recombination remains poorly understood in non-model species. Domestic dogs, lacking the recombination regulator PRDM9 and subject to intense artificial selection, offer a unique system for dissecting factors that jointly influence mutation accumulation. Here, we leverage large-scale trio sequencing to unravel the determinants of de novo mutations across diverse dog breeds. By analyzing 390 trios from 43 breeds, we estimate a germline mutation rate of 4.89 × 10−9 per base pair per generation. Parental age, especially paternal age, strongly influences mutation rates, with a 1.5-fold greater paternal age effect in dogs compared to humans. Larger breeds exhibit elevated early-life mutations, aligning with accelerated developmental trajectories. Strikingly, CpG Islands in dogs exhibit a 2.6-fold higher mutation rate than the genomic average, unlike humans where no such increase occurs. We also find a tenfold hypermutated dog and suggest a unique maternal mechanism of MLH1-mediated germline instability during gametogenesis. The unique mutational landscape in canids is determined by paternal age, body size, and CpG Islands recombination. Despite extensive breeding, germline mutation rates in dogs remain stable across breeds. The elevated mutation rate in CpG Islands due to recombination in the absence of PRDM9 underscores a distinct evolutionary mechanism in canids. These findings enhance our understanding of mutation dynamics, with implications for canine genetic diversity, disease susceptibility, and broader genomic studies in species lacking PRDM9.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A foundation language model to decipher diverse regulation of RNAs 一种基础语言模型来解读rna的多种调控
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03752-x
Hanwen Zhou, Yue Hu, Yulong Zheng, Jiefu Li, Jielong Peng, Jiang Hu, Yun Yang, Wei Chen, Guoqing Zhang, Zefeng Wang
{"title":"A foundation language model to decipher diverse regulation of RNAs","authors":"Hanwen Zhou, Yue Hu, Yulong Zheng, Jiefu Li, Jielong Peng, Jiang Hu, Yun Yang, Wei Chen, Guoqing Zhang, Zefeng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03752-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03752-x","url":null,"abstract":"RNA metabolism is tightly regulated by cis-elements and trans-acting factors. Most information guiding such regulation is encoded in RNA sequences. Deciphering the regulatory rules is critical for RNA biology and therapeutics; however, the prediction of diverse regulation from RNA sequences remains a formidable challenge. Considering the similarities in semantic and syntactic features between RNAs and human language, we present LAMAR, a transformer-based foundation LAnguage Model for RNA Regulation, to decipher general rules underlying RNA processing. The model is pretrained on approximately 15 million sequences from both genome and transcriptome of 225 mammals and 1569 viruses, and further fine-tuned with labeled datasets for various tasks. The resulting fine-tuned models outperform the state-of-the-art methods in predicting mRNA translation efficiency and mRNA half-life, while achieving comparable accuracy to specifically designed methods in predicting splice sites of pre-mRNAs and internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). The fine-tuned LAMAR is further applied to predict mutational effects of cis-regulatory elements and reveals known and novel regulatory elements that modulate RNA degradation. The fine-tuned LAMAR is also applied in an in silico screen of novel IRESs, resulting in the identifications of highly active IRESs that promote circRNA translation. Our results indicate that a single foundation language model is applicable in the comprehensive analysis of different aspects of RNA regulation and predictive identification of novel regulatory elements, providing new insight into the design and optimization of RNA drugs.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
scKAN: interpretable single-cell analysis for cell-type-specific gene discovery and drug repurposing via Kolmogorov-Arnold networks scKAN:通过Kolmogorov-Arnold网络进行细胞类型特异性基因发现和药物再利用的可解释单细胞分析
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03779-0
Haohuai He, Zhenchao Tang, Guanxing Chen, Fan Xu, Yao Hu, Yinglan Feng, Jibin Wu, Yu-An Huang, Zhi-An Huang, Kay Chen Tan
{"title":"scKAN: interpretable single-cell analysis for cell-type-specific gene discovery and drug repurposing via Kolmogorov-Arnold networks","authors":"Haohuai He, Zhenchao Tang, Guanxing Chen, Fan Xu, Yao Hu, Yinglan Feng, Jibin Wu, Yu-An Huang, Zhi-An Huang, Kay Chen Tan","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03779-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03779-0","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data has revolutionized our understanding of cellular heterogeneity, yet current approaches face challenges in efficiency, interpretability, and connecting molecular insights to therapeutic applications. Despite advances in deep learning methods, identifying cell-type-specific functional gene sets remains difficult. In this study, we present scKAN, an interpretable framework for scRNA-seq analysis with two primary goals: accurate cell-type annotation and the discovery of cell-type-specific marker genes and gene sets. The key innovation is using the learnable activation curves of the Kolmogorov-Arnold network to model gene-to-cell relationships. This approach provides a more direct way to visualize and interpret these specific interactions compared to the aggregated weighting schemes typical of attention mechanisms. This architecture achieves superior performance in cell-type annotation, with a 6.63% improvement in macro F1 score over state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, it enables the systematic identification of functionally coherent cell-type-specific gene sets. We demonstrate the framework’s translational potential through a case study on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, where gene signatures identified by scKAN led to a potential drug repurposing candidate, whose binding stability was supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Our work establishes scKAN as an efficient and interpretable framework that effectively bridges single-cell analysis with drug discovery. By combining lightweight architecture with the ability to uncover nuanced biological patterns, our approach offers an interpretable method for translating large-scale single-cell data into actionable therapeutic strategies. This approach provides a robust foundation for accelerating the identification of cell-type-specific targets in complex diseases.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fueling chromosomal gene diversification and artificial evolution with CRISPR 利用CRISPR促进染色体基因多样化和人工进化
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03756-7
Ruiying Zhu, Chuanhong Ren, Zehua Bao
{"title":"Fueling chromosomal gene diversification and artificial evolution with CRISPR","authors":"Ruiying Zhu, Chuanhong Ren, Zehua Bao","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03756-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03756-7","url":null,"abstract":"Gene diversification is an effective approach to massively dissecting variant functions and evolving sequences when paired with an appropriate assay. In vitro mutagenesis and ectopic gene expression, however, fail to simulate the endogenous regulatory environment of the variants. The development of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems has greatly boosted the efficiency of targeted gene diversification in various species. Here, we review recent CRISPR-assisted methods for chromosomal gene diversification and artificial evolution, focusing on the advantages and limitations of each approach, and propose possible strategies to overcome current limitations and directions in future technology development.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of novel H2A histone variants across diverse clades of algae 在不同的藻类分支中鉴定新的H2A组蛋白变异
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03656-w
Ellyn Rousselot, Zofia Nehr, Jean-Marc Aury, France Denoeud, J. Mark Cock, Leïla Tirichine, Céline Duc
{"title":"Identification of novel H2A histone variants across diverse clades of algae","authors":"Ellyn Rousselot, Zofia Nehr, Jean-Marc Aury, France Denoeud, J. Mark Cock, Leïla Tirichine, Céline Duc","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03656-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03656-w","url":null,"abstract":"Histones are among the most conserved proteins in eukaryotes. They not only ensure DNA compaction in the nucleus but also participate in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These key epigenetic players are divided into replication-coupled histones, expressed during the S-phase, and replication-independent variants, expressed throughout the cell cycle. Compared with other core histones, H2A proteins exhibit a high level of variability but the characterization of algal H2A variants remains very limited. In this study, we exploit genome and transcriptome data from 22 species to identify H2A variants in brown seaweeds. Combined analyses of phylogenetic data, synteny and protein motifs enable us to reveal the presence of new H2A variants as well as their evolutionary history. We identify three new H2A variants: H2A.N, H2A.O and H2A.E. In brown seaweeds, the H2A.E and H2A.O variants arose from the same monophyletic clade while the H2A.N variant emerged independently. Moreover, the H2A.E variant seems to have a shared ancestry with RC H2A while the H2A.O variant has an H2A.X-characteristic signature without being orthologous to this variant. Based on mass spectrometry, we identify distinct epigenetic marks on these H2A variants. Finally, the H2A.Z, H2A.N and H2A.O from brown seaweeds are ubiquitously expressed while expression of H2A.E has tissue-specific patterns, especially in reproductive tissues. We thus hypothesize that H2A.O and H2A.X might have convergent functions while H2A.E might fulfil some functions of replication-coupled H2As and/or compensate for the absence of repressive histone marks along with H2A.N.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-read sequencing reveals the RNA isoform repertoire of neuropsychiatric risk genes in human brain 长读测序揭示了人类大脑中神经精神风险基因的RNA异构体库
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03724-1
Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi, Shweta S. Joshi, Josie Gleeson, Yair D. J. Prawer, Yupei You, Ria Agarwal, Anran Li, Anthea Hull, Eloise M. Whitehead, Yoonji Seo, Rhea Kujawa, Raphael Chang, Mriga Dutt, Catriona McLean, Benjamin L. Parker, Michael B. Clark
{"title":"Long-read sequencing reveals the RNA isoform repertoire of neuropsychiatric risk genes in human brain","authors":"Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi, Shweta S. Joshi, Josie Gleeson, Yair D. J. Prawer, Yupei You, Ria Agarwal, Anran Li, Anthea Hull, Eloise M. Whitehead, Yoonji Seo, Rhea Kujawa, Raphael Chang, Mriga Dutt, Catriona McLean, Benjamin L. Parker, Michael B. Clark","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03724-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03724-1","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropsychiatric disorders are highly complex conditions and the risk of developing a disorder has been tied to hundreds of genomic variants that alter the expression and/or RNA isoforms made by risk genes. However, how these genes contribute to disease risk and onset through altered expression and RNA splicing is not well understood. Combining our new bioinformatic pipeline IsoLamp with nanopore long-read amplicon sequencing, we deeply profile the RNA isoform repertoire of 31 high-confidence neuropsychiatric disorder risk genes in Human brain. We show most risk genes are more complex than previously reported, identifying 363 novel isoforms and 28 novel exons, including isoforms which alter protein domains, and genes such as ATG13 and GATAD2A where most expression was from previously undiscovered isoforms. The greatest isoform diversity is detected in the schizophrenia risk gene ITIH4. Mass spectrometry of brain protein isolates confirms translation of a novel exon skipping event in ITIH4, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism for this gene in the brain. Our results emphasize the widespread presence of previously undetected RNA and protein isoforms in the human brain and provide an effective approach to address this knowledge gap. Uncovering the isoform repertoire of candidate neuropsychiatric risk genes will underpin future analyses of the functional impact these isoforms have on neuropsychiatric disorders, enabling the translation of genomic findings into a pathophysiological understanding of disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
microbetag: simplifying microbial network interpretation through annotation, enrichment tests, and metabolic complementarity analysis Microbetag:通过注释、富集测试和代谢互补分析简化微生物网络解释
IF 12.3 1区 生物学
Genome Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-025-03769-2
Haris Zafeiropoulos, Ermis Ioannis Michail Delopoulos, Andi Erega, Aline Schneider, Annelies Geirnaert, John Morris, Karoline Faust
{"title":"microbetag: simplifying microbial network interpretation through annotation, enrichment tests, and metabolic complementarity analysis","authors":"Haris Zafeiropoulos, Ermis Ioannis Michail Delopoulos, Andi Erega, Aline Schneider, Annelies Geirnaert, John Morris, Karoline Faust","doi":"10.1186/s13059-025-03769-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03769-2","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial co-occurrence network inference is often hindered by low accuracy and tool dependency. We introduce microbetag, a comprehensive software ecosystem designed to annotate microbial networks. Nodes, representing taxa, are enriched with phenotypic traits, while edges are enhanced with metabolic complementarities, highlighting potential cross-feeding relationships. microbetag’s online version relies on microbetagDB, a database of 34,608 annotated representative genomes. microbetag can be applied to custom (metagenome-assembled) genomes via its stand-alone version. MGG, a Cytoscape app designed to support microbetag, offers a streamlined, user-friendly interface for network retrieval and visualization. microbetag effectively identified known metabolic interactions and serves as a robust hypothesis-generating tool.","PeriodicalId":12611,"journal":{"name":"Genome Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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