Determinants of de novo mutations in extended pedigrees of 43 dog breeds

IF 10.1 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Shao-Jie Zhang, Jilong Ma, Meritxell Riera, Søren Besenbacher, Julia E. Niskanen, Noora Salokorpi, Sruthi Hundi, Marjo K. Hytönen, Tong Zhou, Gui-Mei Li, Elaine A. Ostrander, Mikkel Heide Schierup, Hannes Lohi, Guo-Dong Wang
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Abstract

Understanding the determinants of de novo mutation is critical for elucidating evolutionary processes and genetic disease susceptibility. But the interplay between life history, genomic architecture, and recombination remains poorly understood in non-model species. Domestic dogs, lacking the recombination regulator PRDM9 and subject to intense artificial selection, offer a unique system for dissecting factors that jointly influence mutation accumulation. Here, we leverage large-scale trio sequencing to unravel the determinants of de novo mutations across diverse dog breeds. By analyzing 390 trios from 43 breeds, we estimate a germline mutation rate of 4.89 × 10−9 per base pair per generation. Parental age, especially paternal age, strongly influences mutation rates, with a 1.5-fold greater paternal age effect in dogs compared to humans. Larger breeds exhibit elevated early-life mutations, aligning with accelerated developmental trajectories. Strikingly, CpG Islands in dogs exhibit a 2.6-fold higher mutation rate than the genomic average, unlike humans where no such increase occurs. We also find a tenfold hypermutated dog and suggest a unique maternal mechanism of MLH1-mediated germline instability during gametogenesis. The unique mutational landscape in canids is determined by paternal age, body size, and CpG Islands recombination. Despite extensive breeding, germline mutation rates in dogs remain stable across breeds. The elevated mutation rate in CpG Islands due to recombination in the absence of PRDM9 underscores a distinct evolutionary mechanism in canids. These findings enhance our understanding of mutation dynamics, with implications for canine genetic diversity, disease susceptibility, and broader genomic studies in species lacking PRDM9.
43个犬种扩展谱系中新生突变的决定因素
了解新生突变的决定因素对于阐明进化过程和遗传疾病易感性至关重要。但在非模式物种中,生命史、基因组结构和重组之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。家犬缺乏重组调控因子PRDM9,并受到强烈的人工选择,为剖析共同影响突变积累的因素提供了一个独特的系统。在这里,我们利用大规模三重奏测序来解开不同犬种从头突变的决定因素。通过分析43个品种的390个三联,我们估计每代每个碱基对的种系突变率为4.89 × 10−9。父母的年龄,尤其是父亲的年龄,强烈影响突变率,与人类相比,狗的父亲年龄效应要高1.5倍。较大的品种表现出较高的早期生命突变,与加速的发育轨迹一致。引人注目的是,狗的CpG岛的突变率比基因组平均水平高2.6倍,而人类则没有这种增加。我们还发现了一只十倍超突变的狗,并提出了配子体发生过程中mlh1介导的种系不稳定的独特母系机制。犬科动物独特的突变景观是由父系年龄、体型和CpG岛重组决定的。尽管大量繁殖,犬种系突变率在不同品种之间保持稳定。在缺乏PRDM9的情况下重组CpG群岛的突变率升高,强调了犬科动物的一种独特的进化机制。这些发现增强了我们对突变动力学的理解,对犬类遗传多样性、疾病易感性以及缺乏PRDM9物种的更广泛的基因组研究具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
Genome Biology
Genome Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics
CiteScore
21.00
自引率
3.30%
发文量
241
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Genome Biology stands as a premier platform for exceptional research across all domains of biology and biomedicine, explored through a genomic and post-genomic lens. With an impressive impact factor of 12.3 (2022),* the journal secures its position as the 3rd-ranked research journal in the Genetics and Heredity category and the 2nd-ranked research journal in the Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology category by Thomson Reuters. Notably, Genome Biology holds the distinction of being the highest-ranked open-access journal in this category. Our dedicated team of highly trained in-house Editors collaborates closely with our esteemed Editorial Board of international experts, ensuring the journal remains on the forefront of scientific advances and community standards. Regular engagement with researchers at conferences and institute visits underscores our commitment to staying abreast of the latest developments in the field.
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