Georgian medical news最新文献

{"title":"MECHANICAL PROPERTY CHANGES IN ORTHODONTIC WIRES AFTER EXPOSURE TO CHLORHEXIDINE MOUTHWASH: A REVIEW STUDY.","authors":"A Al-Najjar, T Rasool, B Ahmed, F Al-Mashhadane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthodontic wires, especially nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS), are widely used in clinical orthodontics due to their favorable mechanical properties. However, these materials are prone to degradation when exposed to chemical agents commonly used in oral hygiene, such as chlorhexidine (CHX). This review aims to assess the effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash exposure on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of different orthodontic wire types. A comprehensive review of published studies was conducted, focusing on in vitro investigations evaluating changes in tensile strength, surface morphology, ion release, and corrosion behavior of orthodontic wires following exposure to various concentrations and durations of CHX. Most studies found that CHX, especially in higher amounts or with longer exposure, greatly changes the surface texture and weakens the strength of NiTi and SS wires. Exposure to CHX also showed a likelihood of corrosion and release of ions that could affect how well it works in real-life situations and the safety of patients involved. Extended use of wires with chlorhexidine mouthwash could affect their strength and ability to resist corrosion, so it is important to be careful in recommending CHX based mouth rinses for orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING GEORGIAN NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ON SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION: GAPS AND COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES.","authors":"M Machitidze, I Grdzelidze, D Kordzaia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>Ensuring the safe administration of medications is a critical component of effective clinical care and patient recovery. Healthcare professionals' educational backgrounds significantly influence patient safety by fostering analytical thinking and sound clinical judgment. In Georgia, while most hospital nurses hold professional-level qualifications, the absence of mandatory licensing and continuing education raises concerns about sustained competency. This study examines the knowledge and attitudes of Georgian hospital nurses toward safe medication administration to identify gaps and inform safety-enhancing interventions.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional quantitative study used stratified random sampling (SRS) to ensure regional representation. The required sample size was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI), 5% margin of error (ME), and a 50% response distribution (RD). Based on an estimated population of ~22,000 hospital nurses in Georgia, the minimum sample size was 378. The final sample size was increased to 400 to mitigate potential non-response or incomplete data. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire containing closed- and open-ended items. Knowledge and attitudes toward medication safety were analyzed by gender, age, education level, and employment location (capital vs. regional hospitals) using validated measurement scales (VMS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that 78% of nurses demonstrated basic knowledge of medication safety, only 52% were familiar with high-alert medications, and just 46% routinely double-checked dosages. Regarding attitudes, 64% acknowledged the importance of safe administration, yet 39% reported feeling time-constrained, impacting adherence to protocols. Additionally, 33% indicated a lack of institutional support or standardized guidelines. These results point to significant gaps in knowledge and practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the need for standardized training and national safety protocols to reduce risks and improve medication safety in Georgian hospitals. Targeted educational interventions are essential to support safer, more effective care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOME ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF ANESTHESIA DURING CAESAREAN SECTION.","authors":"A Al-Sanjary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rate of caesarean section has been increased globally all over the world and the type of anesthesia can affect both maternal and fetal health. For years the general anesthesia has been used as a method of choice during caesarean section with many complications especially in emergency caesarean section, were as spinal anesthesia, a type of regional anesthesia, that has been tried in the last two decades may provide anesthesia without these complication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective randomized cohort study, performed in women health private hospital between Sep. 2023-Sep. 2024. for 200 term pregnant women attending for elective cesarean section, 100 women undergoes spinal anesthesia and 100 women undergoes general anesthesia. Those women with any risk factor that affect study parameters as preterm baby or placenta previa were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis shows non-significant difference in age and parity among the groups with no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate after operation the mean volume of intraoperative blood loss and the mean decline in hemoglobin is higher in general anesthesia group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spinal anesthesia provides better outcome regarding lower intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, higher fetal Apgar score at 1st minutes, with similar haemodynamic stability. It is a better option for cesarean section anesthesia reducing morbidity and mortality from the increasingly performed operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NICOLAU SYNDROME: CUTANEOUS NECROSIS FOLLOWING DICLOFENAC INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION.","authors":"N Bhuyyar, B Khombare, A Panicker, Sh Teli, M Shalavadi, K Choudhari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicolau syndrome, although it is quite rare, often occurs following Intramuscular injections of different medications, especially diclofenac and pencillin's. Accordingly, its symptoms usually begin with severe pain during injection, leading to ulceration and necrosis of the local tissue over time. Immediate diagnosis and treatment in the case of the syndrome are of great Importance. Diclofenac is class of NSAID's act as anti-inflammatory drug through inhibiting the Cycloxygenase-I and Cycloxygenase-II (COX-I AND COX-II) enzymes.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In our case report we report the case of a 23-year-old female who developed the Nicolau Syndrome after an intramuscular injection in her left gluteal region of single dose diclofenac sodium to treat a headache, body ache, and chills. A physical examination revealed skin necrosis with the size of approximately 5×5cm. The patient was managed by administering intravenous antibiotics and analgesics, followed by surgical debridement, leading to satisfactory wound healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of recognizing early warning signs of NS and adopting safe injection practices to prevent this serious adverse effect. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risks associated with intramuscular injections and take steps to minimize them.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"127-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AS A FORMATIVE FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY.","authors":"S Lobanov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children with early developmental disorders are at greater risk for developing addictive behaviors because of their emotional, cognitive, and social disabilities. This study analyzes Ukrainian people with early social isolation, stress, dysfunctional families, digital addiction, and lack of support to determine how these factors combine to increase the chances of addiction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research is based on phenomenological qualitative methodology. The participants included 20 adult Ukrainians aged 19-45 diagnosed with ADHD, ASD, or learning disabilities. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling. The analysis was conducted using NVivo 14 and RStudio software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results identified that participants aged between 19-45 years and suffering from developmental disorders, with a nearly equal gender ratio (11 males, 9 females) and different occupational, educational, and family backgrounds, resulted in five prominent themes during the qualitative analysis. The themes include Early Social Isolation, Coping with Stress, the Influence of the Family Environment, the Role of Digital Addiction, and the Lack of Support Systems. Each theme showed different pathways that led to addiction, such as peer rejection, work/school pressure, dysfunctional families, digital overdependence, and lack of support and treatment. These themes were strengthened through focus group discussions with parents, caretakers, mental health professionals, and teachers, which called for integrated solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study emphasizes socio-environmental stressors that build on early developmental changes as a primary reason for addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEDICAL TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMIC RECOVERY: PRE-WAR EXPERIENCE AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES FOR THE POST-WAR PERIOD.","authors":"V Teremetskyi, D Astafiev, S Mosondz, M Pakhnin, O Bodnar-Petrovska, R Igonin, S Lifyrenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of medical tourism development in Ukraine in recent years before the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, and also to identify the main directions of its recovery in the post-war period.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines legal analysis, economic modeling, and elements of sustainable urban development research. The methodological framework includes systemic-structural and functional-legal analysis of Ukrainian legislation on healthcare, investment policy, and regional development, as well as empirical data on the state of medical tourism in the pre-war period. Analytical methods were used to identify relationships between the development of medical tourism and the resilience of urban environments under crisis conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The article analyses examples of successful implementation of public-private initiatives, in particular, the creation of Dnipro Medical Cluster. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of medical tourism as a factor in the formation of economic and legal resilience of Ukrainian cities. It is substantiated that the development of medical tourism has contributed to increasing the resilience of the urban environment to external crises. The article considers new challenges - ensuring access to medical services for internally displaced persons, organisation of rehabilitation of victims, emergence of the phenomenon of forced medical tourism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The strategic guidelines for the development of medical tourism in the post-war period are proposed. It is concluded that the restoration and development of medical tourism in Ukraine has a double meaning - as an economic tool and as a means of ensuring the sustainability of urban systems in the period of post-war transformation. Implementation of the proposed measures will contribute not only to economic growth, but also to strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian cities as centres of medical, social and investment opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 INHIBITORS: FROM GLYCEMIC CONTROL TO CARDIO-RENAL PROTECTION","authors":"Kh Evloev, D Snitsa, D Pankov, M Gasparyan, M Zaycev, N Koifman, E Buglo, M Zefirova, T Rachkova, D Gurtiev, V Zaseeva, J Tolmasov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were originally developed as glucose-lowering agents for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, a growing body of robust clinical evidence has demonstrated their profound cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects that extend beyond glycemic control. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these benefits and the clinical implications across a wide range of patient populations. We discuss landmark cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, evaluate the physiological and molecular mechanisms, including hemodynamic modulation, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, and improvements in myocardial and renal energetics, and assess the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, as well as in chronic kidney disease with and without diabetes. The translation of these findings into clinical guidelines has reshaped therapeutic strategies in both endocrinology and cardiology, underscoring the importance of SGLT2 inhibitors as a cornerstone in cardiorenal protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABO BLOOD GROUPS IN RELATION TO ANXIETY, STRESS AND DEPRESSION.","authors":"R N Al-Saraj, S Al-Ashou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People have been suffering from affective illnesses including anxiety, stress, and depression as a result of the lifestyle changes that have occurred in our cultures. Research indicates a connection between specific blood types and several medical or mental illnesses. Stress, anxiety, and depression are common events in life and are more noticeable among college students. The objective of the study is to estimate the relationship of blood groups with stress, anxiety and depression among university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study, carried out via a web-based online survey, using the DASS-21 questionnaire, pharmacy college students' levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured. With a sterile lancet, blood samples were drawn from each participant via finger prick. Participants' ABO blood group phenotype was identified using the slide agglutination method using anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D monoclonal blood group reagents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study shows that 46.2%, 62.5%, and 62.5% of the second-year students of the pharmacy college suffer from stress, anxiety and depression ranging from mild to extremely severe levels. Among the participants, the AB blood group subjects showed the highest prevalence of stress (54.5%), the blood group A had the highest prevalence of anxiety (67.3%), and blood group B demonstrated the highest prevalence of depression (71.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, there is a high prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among pharmacy college students. However, there is no statistically significant association between the incidence of these problems and the ABO blood group.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INCIDENCE OF RESISTANCE TO ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AMONG DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN.","authors":"J Aliyev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the world has remained tense. One of the main reasons for the epidemiological tension is the rapid increase in resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. The status and frequency of resistance among different categories of tuberculosis patients in the Republic of Azerbaijan have been investigated. In the last three years (2021-2023), sputum and other examination materials of 11,093 tuberculosis patients in our country were sent to the \"National Reference\" laboratory for susceptibility testing. 40.7% of those examined are initially registered, and 59,3% are recurrent patients. Resistance to various types of drugs was detected in 20,4% of initially registered patients and 31,2% of repetitive ones. Among the examined patients, the highest frequency of Mono-H and Poly-resistance (HS, HE, HSE) was found in those who did not previously applied to anti-tuberculosis institutions - 66,9%, in initially registered patients - 38,9%, in relapses - 36,7%, in those who violated the treatment regimen - 25,1%, and the least in patients after unsuccessful treatment - 15,0%. Mono, Poly-resistance (R, RS, RE, RSE) was found in 36,9% of those who violated the treatment regimen, 36.4% after unsuccessful treatment, 35.2% in relapses, 27,8% in initially registered patients, and 10,7% among those who had not previously registered. The level of MDR was higher among those who failed treatment and violated the treatment regimen. Thus, they are 32,0% and 24,9%, respectively. The incidence of GDD forms, 16,5%, was observed most often among patients with unsuccessful treatment. One of the main reasons for the epidemiological tension is the high prevalence of broad-spectrum drug resistance among persistent forms (49,2%). The increase in resistance among relapsers and treatment defaulters (20,1% and 19,9%, respectively) is one of the main reasons for the low treatment effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"190-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIFFERENTIATED THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH INTRACEREBRAL COMPLICATED HEMISPHERIC ISCHEMIC CEREBRAL STROKE WITH SECONDARY BRAINSTEM HEMORRHAGES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY.","authors":"V Dariy, M Sikorska, I Vizir, D Khramtsov, K Serikov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the study is to assessment of the risk of secondary brainstem hemorrhages against the background of hypertensive encephalopathy in patients with intracerebral complicated hemispheric ischemic cerebral stroke using anticoagulant therapy. Was conducted a clinical and pathological study of 97 patients with intracerebral complicated hemispheric ischemic cerebral stroke aged 41 to 87 years. Of these, 55 were men (56,7%), average age 72,5±2,4; women 42 (43,3%), average age 76,5±2,1. Data on survival time and complications in the form of secondary brainstem hemorrhages directly correlated with the results of pathological changes in the brainstem. During autopsy of deceased patients with hemispheric ischemic cerebral stroke complicated by secondary hemorrhages of the brainstem who received anticoagulant therapy, in 12 cases (70,6%) out of 17, secondary massive hemorrhages in the brainstem were found, consisting of multiple hemorrhagic foci merging with each other. In individuals with hemispheric ischemic cerebral stroke who did not receive anticoagulant therapy, pathomorphologically, secondary massive hemorrhages in the brainstem were noted in only 12 (25,5%) of 47 deceased, while in 35 observations (74,5%), hemorrhages were determined in the form of individual hemorrhagic foci of small size or individual small-point hemorrhages, sometimes detected during macroscopic examination. Data on the presence of hypertensive encephalopathy in the pre-stroke anamnesis directly correlated with the results of secondary pathological changes in the brainstem. At autopsy, hypertensive encephalopathy was detected in 92,2% of deceased patients with secondary hemorrhages in the brainstem, while with ischemic nature of brainstem changes only in 42,4%. The above proves the need to take into account differentiated therapy depending not only on the nature of the damage to the hemispheric structures, but also on the pathomorphological type of secondary changes in the brainstem. In patients with hemispheric ischemic infarction who are predisposed to complicated hemorrhagic secondary brainstem syndrome, especially those with a history of hypertensive encephalopathy, the use of anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and dual antiplatelet therapy is not recommended due to the risk of developing secondary hemorrhagic stem syndrome as a consequence of secondary changes in microvessels, which always change under the influence of high blood pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}