Georgian medical news最新文献

{"title":"REGENERATIVE MATERIALS - THEIR INDICATIONS AND USE IN IMPLANTOLOGY: A LITERATURE REVIEW.","authors":"F Nikç, G Muçolli, G Muçolli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The primary objective of any implant system is to achieve firm fixation to the bone, which can be influenced by both biomechanical factors and biomaterial selection. An array of materials is used for the replacement of missing teeth through implantation. The appropriate selection of biomaterials directly influences the clinical success and longevity of implants. Therefore, clinicians need to have adequate knowledge of the various biomaterials and their properties for their judicious selection and application in clinical practice. Recent materials, such as bioceramics and composite biomaterials, which are under consideration and investigation, show a promising future. For optimal performance, implant biomaterials should have suitable mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and structural biostability in the physiological environment.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>The aim of this paper is to explain, through a review of the most current literature on regenerative materials, their indications, and their use in implantology: - The significance of these materials in surgical implant procedures, - The properties and indications of these materials, - The classification of natural and synthetic materials, - Their application in surgical procedures such as sinus lift, alveolar ridge augmentation, and implant placement.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This article is a literature review in which the most current scientific and professional data on regenerative materials in implant dentistry are discussed and presented. The data for this paper were gathered from university textbooks, as well as articles published and archived in PubMed, Science Direct, Dental Products Report, and other sources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bone grafts and substitute materials, which are either in particle or block form, are used in dentistry to regenerate missing hard tissue structures. There is a growing demand for new and more efficient grafting materials. Currently, bone grafts and substitute materials primarily serve as a structural scaffold for osteoregenerative processes, fulfilling the criteria of osteoconduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"130-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICAL EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT SURGICAL METHODS IN CONGENITAL PREAURICULAR FISTULA SURGERY.","authors":"Hui-Xiu Luo, Shu Zhu, Jing-Chuan Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of different surgical methods in congenital preauricular fistula surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>60 patients with congenital preauricular fistula were selected and randomly divided into a microscope group of 30 cases and a macroscopic group of 30 cases. The microscope team used the fistula separation method to perform surgery along with the fistula opening. In the macroscopic group, en bloc resection was performed using the helix crus cartilage, superficial temporalis fascia and parotid capsule as boundaries. Analyze the efficacy of the two surgical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After more than one year of follow-up, 29 of the 30 cases in the macroscopic group were cured and 1 case improved, with wound dehiscence and scar healing occurring. All cases in the microscopy group were cured. There was no recurrence after surgery in both groups. After the chi-sqaure test, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The operation time in the naked eye group was shorter, but the postoperative incision healing in the microscopic group was more beautiful and scars were less obvious.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both macroscopic en bloc resection and microscopic fistula separation can effectively cure preauricular fistula. However, the operation time in the naked eye group was shorter, while the postoperative incisions in the microscopic group were more beautiful, and the scars were less obvious.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"141-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CASE REPORT OF DISCONTINUED SPLENOGONADAL FUSION MASQUERADED AS PARATESTICULAR TUMOR.","authors":"B Alharbi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by an unusual linkage between ectopic splenic tissue and the gonad, with a higher prevalence observed in the males. While the majority of the splenogonadal fusion cases are associated with cryptorchidism, the patients may have other congenital malformations such as inguinal hernias. Despite being benign and having a rare occurrence, the preoperative diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion is a challenging one. In this article, the author reports an unusual case of splenogonadal fusion in a 21-year-old male who presented with a left scrotal mass, pain, and discomfort. Based on the Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings, the patient was diagnosed with a paratesticular adenomatoid tumor, however, post-excisional histopathologic evaluation findings were indicative of splenogonadal fusion. For benign para-testicular masses, the patients can undergo surgical tumor removal without orchiectomy, however, the diagnosis is often confirmed following orchidectomy. The physicians shall consider the potential rare diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion in patients presenting with scrotal mass as well as acquire knowledge pertaining to the clinical and radiological features of the disease to prevent unnecessary orchidectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS WITH BIOLOGICAL DRUGS IN GEORGIA.","authors":"S Shalamberidze, N Chikhladze","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of treatment with biological drugs-specifically infliximab, adalimumab, and rituximab-both as monotherapy and in combination therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, we will identify the factors that influence this process.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (DAS28 > 3.2) were selected for the study. The participants were divided into three groups and two subgroups based on the specific group of drugs they received. The study was conducted for 12 months. Before and after treatment, health status was assessed with baseline questionnaires (HAQ). Cost-effectiveness assessment of the five-dimensional health status classification methodology using EQ-5D and multiple regression related HAQ score system and disease activity. Patients were also assessed with the general SF-36 health status questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>This study provides important clinical insights as it is a study that directly compares three different biological treatment options for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have failed standard therapy. All treatment options had a good safety profile. A cost-effectiveness analysis of QALYs found that rituximab was the most effective treatment in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis who had failed TNF-α inhibitor treatment. In our analysis, drug-related costs depended on drug price, dose, route of administration, and dosing frequency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the results of this study, infliximab was more cost-effective than adalimumab. Therefore, based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, as long as the study parameters do not change significantly, it is suggested that infliximab should be the priority for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. And rituximab is the most effective treatment option for patients who have failed TNF-α treatment. This advantage is primarily due to differences in drug costs; because efficacy and safety are the same, drug costs may drive decisions about biological treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS: A 12-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.","authors":"F Mammadov, M Safarov, K Mammadov, K Alkishiev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Odontogenic cysts, generally classified as inflammatory or developmental, in dental practice are usually identified incidentally, on routine exams and constitute an important aspect of oral and maxillofacial pathology. A few literature sources provide epidemiological data on odontogenic cysts and tumors. However, these findings may help us to better understand such lesions and improve the diagnosis of odontogenic cysts and tumors. The variability of data obtained with other studies can be attributed to various sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>The aim: </strong>This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and age, gender and site distribution of dentigerous cysts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data presented in this article are the result of a retrospective study conducted at the at the Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral, Maxillofacial, and Facial Surgery Ludwig Maximilian University, Germany. Of the 392 odontogenic cysts studied, 130 were found to be dentigerous cysts. The following variables were analyzed: histological type, age, gender and anatomic location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of our study showed a similar frequency of odontogenic cysts as compared to other results with findings in the literature and populations of the world, with radicular cyst being identified as the most frequent odontogenic cyst. In our cohort, radicular cysts constituted 57.9%, the percentage of dentigerous cysts was 33.17%. The mandible (81.54%) was significantly more affected than the maxilla (16.15%), and the cysts were mostly located in the molar region (60.5%). Male patients were more affected by odontogenic cysts, constituting 66.07% compared to females at 33.93%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All histologically confirmed radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, eruption cyst, residual cyst, and lateral periodontal cyst are identified in our patients by using different criteria. Cases were evaluated based on cyst gender, age and site distribution. Radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts were more frequently diagnosed but residual cyst, eruption cyst, and lateral periodontal cyst occurred much less frequently. Our results essentially confirmed the data of previously published studies. A significant association between dentigerous cyst prevalence and patient gender was identified. In pediatric patients, dentigerous cysts were often more frequent in girls than in boys. Significantly statistic relationship was found between this cyst frequency and age.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLYPHARMACY AND CANCER: А NEW VISION FOR SKIN CANCER PATHOGENESIS-PHOTOTOXICITY AND PHOTOCARCINOGENICITY DUE TO NITROSAMINE CONTAMINATION DURING TELMISARTAN/ TAMSULOSIN INTAKE.","authors":"G Tchernev, S Kordeva, H Kirilova, V Broshtilova, J Patterson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The toxicokinetics of nitrosamines remain a mystery to this day, though it appears that the role of nitrosamines in potentiating the generation of mutations required for the onset of skin cancer continues to be a significant concern. Nitrosamines are mutagens, genotoxic substances, and mediators of phototoxicity/carcinogenicity, whose long-term daily usage, in the context of polypharmacy, can result in the parallel appearance of heterogeneous forms of skin cancer: keratinocytic and melanocytic. But a number of clinical observations suggest that it is the nitrosamines that potentiate the multiple occurrences of skin cancer over the years, or recurrences of skin cancer localized in areas exposed to solar radiation. This article reports the occurrences of keratoacanthoma and multiple actinic keratoses in a patient on systemic therapy with telmisartan and tamsulosin - medications that contain Nitrosamines/ NDSRIs. Successful surgical treatment by modificated advancement flap and cryotherapy was performed. The role of nitrosamines as mediators of phototoxicity in the context of drug-mediated Photo-Nitrosogenesis/ Nitrosocarcinogenesis is discussed. Contamination of certain classes of drugs with nitrosamines is proving to be more than a serious problem. This problem is fueled on the one hand by the fact that nitrosamines are 1) photocarcinogens (known for decades), but on the other hand, they are also 2) mutagens/carcinogens, genotoxic substances (according to the FDA classification). The phototoxic effect according to current data is not calculated by the tests provided by the regulators (at least so far), which in practice leads to a miscalculation of the total, cumulative carcinogenic effect in the context of the intake of a contaminated mono or polymedication. The tests could be seen as either largely static, according to some clinical observations-even as categorically insufficient in terms of defining the concept of carcinogenicity in real-world settings (such as the intake of carcinogens with drugs, for example). The processes of carcinogenesis are dynamic, multifactorial and could hardly be characterized by this kind of tests. New literature evidence finds a disconnect precisely in the determination of carcinogenic activity by assays proposed by regulators such as the Ames test (in bacteria) and the CPCA test in rodents. An open dilemma remains: since there is no concordance between the mutagenicity test in bacteria (Ames) with that in rodents (CPCA), what should be their significance in humans? For this reason, the application of the above-mentioned tests might be seriously limited in the future. We present a patient with multiple actinic keratoses and an epithelial skin tumor in the scalp area that developed during therapy with Tamsulosin and Telmisartan. We comment on the role of drug-mediated Photo-Nitrosocarcinogenesis/Oncopharmacogenesis in the background of potential/actual carcinogen contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LONG-LASTING EFFECTS OF EARLY POSTNATAL DYSFUNCTION OF THE BRAIN MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM ON LEARNING AND MEMORY AND ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS.","authors":"M Shavgulidze, N Maglakelidze, N Rogava, Kh Bezhanishvili, N Nachkebia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present investigation aimed to explore in rats the early postnatal dysfunction of the brain muscarinic cholinergic system (EPDMChS) during the most vulnerable period of postnatal development, as the possible main factor for changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and disorders in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>White inbred rats (n=15 in each group) were used. EPDMCHS was produced by a new method, which includes early postnatal blocking of M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the rat pups, using subcutaneous injection of Scopolamine during postnatal days 7-28. Control rat pups received the same volume as Saline. Researches were started in adult age (2.5-3 months).</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>It was shown for the first time that EPDMCHS exerts long-lasting effects manifested in adult age in the impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis and significant deterioration of spatial long-term declarative memory in the MWM. The possible causal link between the EPDMCHS and two types of resulting disorders is underlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SST2 IN HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION, A BIOMARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY AND REHOSPITALIZATION.","authors":"T Shengelia, B Tsinamdzgvrishvili, K Nadaraia, K Liluashvili, T Talakvadze","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Heart failure (HF) poses a substantial burden on healthcare systems and society, necessitating effective diagnostic tools for enhanced patient management. The soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2 protein (Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2)) has emerged as a promising biomarker linked to cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. This study investigates Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2)'s potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for chronic heart failure (CHF) and explores its clinical utility in predicting outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims and objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the utility of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) as a predictive and diagnostic marker in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study aims to explore the connection between Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) levels and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF), providing insights into how Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) levels correlate with patient outcomes. Additionally, it seeks to assess the ability of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) to predict critical clinical events such as hospital readmissions and adverse 02composite outcomes, offering a deeper understanding of its potential role in disease management. Furthermore, the research compares the prognostic accuracy of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) with NT-proBNP, a well-established biomarker, to determine which marker is more reliable and informative for predicting the progression and severity of CHF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective cohort study included 111 CHF patients enrolled from May 2020 to January 2022. Participants were classified into two groups based on their Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) concentrations (&lt;35 ng/mL and &gt;35 ng/mL) and monitored over a year. Comprehensive demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic data were collected, alongside blood samples for Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) and NT-proBNP analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression modeling, and chi-square tests were employed, with statistical significance defined as P &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) levels above 35 ng/mL experienced a markedly higher one-year cardiovascular (CV) mortality rate of 27.3%, compared to just 2.2% in those with lower levels. Similarly, elevated Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) levels were strongly associated with an increased risk of hospital readmissions, as 27.3% of high-Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) patients required multiple hospitalizations within a year, compared to only 2.3% in the low-Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) group. In contrast to NT-proBNP, Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) levels were not affected by factors like age or kidney ","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROGRESSES IN PERSONALIZED NURSING ON THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD OF HEPATOBILIARY.","authors":"Jing Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The key advances in personalized perioperative nursing practice for hepatobiliary surgery patients include the implementation of evidence-based nursing strategies, the development of individualized care plans, the adoption of multimodal analgesia and recovery after surgery protocols, enhanced monitoring techniques, a multidisciplinary approach to care, and a strong emphasis on patient education and engagement. These advancements collectively aim to improve patient safety, reduce complications, and enhance recovery following complex surgical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"82-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INCUOLATION THE BOTULINUM TOXIN-B IN THE ZYGOMITICUS OF THE RAT, FOLLOWED BY EVALUATION IT'S EFFECT HISTOLOGICALLY ON THE ZYGOMATIC BONE.","authors":"A Obeys, H Hameed, A Salih","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulinum toxin is an attenuated neurotoxin of Clostridium Botulinum gram positive bacterial, which is used in medication sialorrhea, cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis and non-surgical cosmetic operation (aesthetic) such as facial wrinkles and reduced the bulky appearance hypertrophied of masseter muscle. This study was designed to revealed the effect of zygomiticus inoculation of botulinum toxin B in zygomatic muscle of rats on zygomatic bone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 25 male albino rats (200-260 gm) were injected facial intramuscular by a single dose of 2.5 U/ botulinum toxin B. All experimental groups (4 groups, 5 each) were kept survived to the end period and sacrificed by time period [group 1 (G1)=14; group 2 (G2)=30; group 3 (G3)=45, and group 4 (G4)=60 days] post injection, moreover, 5 animals were administered nothing and kept as a control group till 60 days elapsed. Animals were killed by intense dose of chloroform and rats facial zygomatic bone removed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zygomatic bone of G1 showed irregular boney border, degenerated osteocytes, woven collagen bundles within collar bone, reddish bone matrix and detachment of fibrous layer of periosteum in G2 results showed disappearance of osteogenic cells, lacunae devoid osteocytes, and aggregated of necrotic elements of bone tissue. In G3 groups showed great crack, disorganization of collagen bundles atrophied osteocytes the matrix of bone had necrotic areas of osteocytes, fragments of bone also demonstrated. G4 group showed massive crack underneath degenerated periosteum of bone, tunnel like furrow, filled up with cellular debris and osteogenic debris within Howship's lacunae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this present study we summarized the effect of paralyzed facial muscle by botulinum toxin B on facial bone of rats induced, secondary osteoporosis represented as irregular bone border degeneration of osteocytes, crack appeared in bony matrix, decreases in amounts of collagen bundles and separation of periosteum.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 356","pages":"84-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}