{"title":"THE EFFECT OF SOFT ROBOTIC GLOVE ON THE FLEXION AND EXTENSION OF HAND FOR STROKE PATIENTS: A CLINICAL TRIAL.","authors":"T Mayouf, M Al-Jubouri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke defined by diminished cerebral blood flow, results in brain damage and neurological impairments. It often leads to considerable difficulties, such as limited mobility and compromised hand function, usually manifesting as a weakening in the ability to open and shut the hand.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluates the differences between opening and closing hands when utilizing a soft robot.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in the Mosul Specialist Rehabilitation Center which involved 68 participants, all over 20 years old, with visual impairments. The Iranian Clinical Trials Registry and Ministry of Planning approved the study, The Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity Action Research Arm Test, and Arm Motor Ability Test were used to assess finger extension and flexion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A study revealed that stroke patients who utilized a soft robotic glove experienced notable improvements in hand functionality. Average hand closure scores increased significantly, from 8.14 to 20.36 out of 21 points. Women demonstrated greater progress in hand opening rates compared to men, with an average improvement of 1.91 times between pre- and post-assessments. In contrast, the control group exhibited similar hand-opening advancements across genders. Patients with both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes showed enhanced abilities in opening and closing their hands. Additionally, the study identified a statistically significant improvement in hand function improvements based on stroke type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that stroke patients using a soft robotic glove showed significant improvements in hand-closing abilities, while exercise had minimal impact. Women showed an average increase in hand opening rate. Both male and female patients showed improvement, with hemorrhagic strokes showing remarkable advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"104-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Turayev, A Velilyaeva, A Djurabekova, M Umarova, F Khalimova, I Marwan
{"title":"UNRAVELING THE LINK BETWEEN EPILEPTIC FOCUS LATERALIZATION AND DEPRESSION IN FOCAL EPILEPSY.","authors":"T Turayev, A Velilyaeva, A Djurabekova, M Umarova, F Khalimova, I Marwan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Focal epilepsy frequently coexists with anxiety and depressive disorders, which can undermine treatment adherence and worsen seizure control. We aimed to compare the psycho-emotional profiles of patients with left- versus right-hemispheric focal epilepsy and assess how focus lateralization relates to depressive, anxiety, somatic and speech parameters to inform personalized diagnosis and therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty patients with focal epilepsy were divided into left- and right-hemispheric groups (n = 30 each). Psycho-emotional state was rated by three experts using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), Emotional Reactivity Index (ERI) and a DSM-5-based awareness scale; speech productivity was scored on a 0-10 scale. Group comparisons used Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test after Shapiro-Wilk normality check; p<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed between left- and right-hemispheric patients across all measures (p<0.001; Cohen's d>2.8). Left-hemispheric epilepsy featured higher apathy/anhedonia (HAM-D: 7.5±1.2; 76.6%≥8), greater self-awareness (9.0±0.8) and preserved speech productivity (7.0±1.3). Right-hemispheric epilepsy exhibited elevated anxiety (STAI: 9.0±1.0; 83.3% high), somatization (PHQ-15: 7.0±1.5; 71%≥10), emotional lability (ERI: 8.0±1.2) and reduced awareness (4.0±1.6) and speech productivity (2.0±1.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epileptic focus lateralization markedly influences affective and speech profiles in focal epilepsy. Recognizing these patterns supports tailored psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic strategies for left- versus right-hemispheric cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS OF CELIAC DISEASE AMONG PEDIATRIC POPULATION IN KAZAKHSTAN.","authors":"A Kapassova, G Derbissalina, B Iskakov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Issues of epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches of celiac disease (CD) remain important for developing countries. At the moment, there are no objective data on the prevalence of CD/gluten sensitivity among children in Kazakhstan. Thus, this study was aimed at a retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of CD, as well as a prospective study of the clinical manifestations and diagnostic features of CD and gluten sensitivity among children in Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Epidemiological data were collected by regions of Kazakhstan for 2019 and was based on the number of confirmed cases of CD among children. To study the clinical features and diagnostic approaches of CD among children a prospective study was conducted during the 2018-2022 in the cities of Astana and Almaty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of confirmed cases of CD/gluten allergy among children in Kazakhstan was 5.66 per 100,000 population and showed a high difference between the results obtained with the global and predicted rates. Abdominal pain and nausea were more common in patients with CD. Extra-intestinal manifestations were seen more often in children with gluten allergy. The EMA titer test showed the highest value in CD diagnosis (AUC = 0.857). The IgA and IgG anti-tTG tests had the highest specificity. The sensitivity of genetic analysis in this study was 81.82%, and the specificity was 97.59% (AUC = 0.897). Moreover, the nausea, thirst, IgG anti-tTG test results were independent predictors of disease activity by MARSH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study showed high implications for the health systems of developing countries. Thus, the differences between the available and actual epidemiological indicators may lead to large socio-economic consequences. Moreover, this study describes the clinical and diagnostic features of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity, which has a high clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OSTEOPATHIC CORRECTION IN THE COMPLEX REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION.","authors":"T Makichyan, E Gusakova, Z Khabadze, A Sarkisian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is a prevalent condition characterized by pain and clicking in the joint, restricted mouth opening, chewing difficulties, tension and soreness in the masticatory muscles, headaches, and tinnitus. In dental rehabilitation for TMJD, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used to relax the masticatory and temporalis muscles prior to splint therapy. Osteopathic correction, in contrast, addresses not only these muscles but also extraocclusive disorders-somatic dysfunctions outside the stomatognathic system that affect mandibular biomechanics and muscle tone. Despite the high prevalence and complex etiology of TMJD, the integration of osteopathic correction into dental rehabilitation remains underexplored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive dental rehabilitation through the application of osteopathic correction in patients with TMJD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted from January 2024 to March 2025, involving 90 patients aged 19 to 61 years with TMJD and extraocclusive disorders. All participants were examined by a dentist and an osteopath, then assigned to two groups: Group No. 1 received both dental and osteopathic treatment; Group No. 2 received dental treatment only. Dental care included splint therapy; osteopathic correction targeted extraocclusive disorders and somatic dysfunctions. Efficacy was assessed using the Hamburg test, electromyography (EMG), osteopathic examination, VAS scale, and pharmacotherapy if needed. All patients participated in myohymnastics. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica v4.6.3, with p<0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 weeks, Group No. 1 showed statistically significant (p<0.05) improvements compared to Group No. 2 in Hamburg test scores, EMG results, somatic dysfunction frequency and severity, and VAS scores for pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In TMJD patients with extraocclusive disorders, osteopathic correction should be incorporated into the interdisciplinary rehabilitation protocol combining dental and osteopathic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY PRODUCED NEUROSTIMULANTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PROLONGED IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR PERFORMANCE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW.","authors":"T Petrosyan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for effective agents to enhance motor performance and accelerate neurorehabilitation has increasingly focused on neurostimulants-compounds that enhance neural excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. This chapter explores the promising role of biotechnologically produced neurostimulants, particularly bacterial melanin synthesized in Armenia, in supporting functional recovery and sustained improvements in motor output. Unlike traditional pharmacological neurostimulants such as modafinil, amantadine, or methylphenidate, which primarily target monoaminergic systems, bacterial melanin demonstrates neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, and electrophysiologically stimulating properties across various CNS regions, including the substantia nigra. Emerging experimental data indicate that bacterial melanin increases spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity, potentiates dopaminergic transmission, and supports axonal integrity post-injury-features that align with modern neurorehabilitation goals. This chapter critically examines the physiological basis and translational potential of such novel neurostimulants by integrating findings from optogenetic stimulation, pharmacological trials, and neurobehavioral rehabilitation paradigms. The convergence of microbial biotechnology and neurostimulant pharmacology may redefine clinical approaches to motor dysfunction and neuroplastic recovery following central nervous system injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUALITY CONTROL CIRCLES PLAY A TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE IN INDWELLING NEEDLE NURSING MANAGEMENT.","authors":"Jing Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the application and effectiveness of Quality Control Circles (QCC) in indwelling needle nursing management. A comprehensive research approach was adopted, including literature review, and practical implementation of QCC in a clinical setting. The results demonstrated that through the implementation of QCC activities, the incidence of indwelling needle - related complications significantly decreased, patient satisfaction improved, and nursing staff's professional abilities were enhanced. The QCC approach promoted a systematic and continuous improvement in indwelling needle nursing management. This study provides valuable evidence and practical guidance for the widespread application of QCC in clinical indwelling needle nursing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"164-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Serediuk, Y Dekhtiar, O Barabanchyk, O Hruzevskyi, M Sosnov
{"title":"INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION: USE OF TECHNOLOGY AND PROSPECTS.","authors":"L Serediuk, Y Dekhtiar, O Barabanchyk, O Hruzevskyi, M Sosnov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research in hypertension management highlights a significant gap in the effectiveness, accessibility, and patient-centricity of existing approaches. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of digital health, telemedicine, wearable devices, and hybrid approaches in hypertension management, addressing short-term and long-term outcomes and identifying implementation challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrieved data from studies indexed in the Scopus, WoS, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases, \"published between 2020 and 2025.\" The search keywords included \"hypertension diagnosis,\" \"therapy technologies,\" namely \"artificial intelligence\" (AI), \"telemedicine,\" and \"wearables.\" Bias assessments followed the Cochrane Collaboration, STROBE, and NOS with high inter-observer reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included studies spanning multiple countries and revealed that digital health interventions, such as remote monitoring of blood pressure and artificial intelligence-supported apps, show significant short-term blood pressure reductions and improved patient adherence. Telemedicine and wearable technologies demonstrated positive outcomes in blood pressure control and patient engagement. Hybrid approaches, including artificial intelligence-driven decision support, exhibited promising potential but had limited impact on visit attendance. Long-term effects were mixed, with digital health solutions like the iHEC-APP showing early signs of sustained blood pressure improvements but requiring further evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertension interventions show promise, but long-term efficacy, scalability, gender-sensitive approaches, and patient engagement remain key challenges, necessitating further research and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"109-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOME ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF ANESTHESIA DURING CAESAREAN SECTION.","authors":"A Al-Sanjary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rate of caesarean section has been increased globally all over the world and the type of anesthesia can affect both maternal and fetal health. For years the general anesthesia has been used as a method of choice during caesarean section with many complications especially in emergency caesarean section, were as spinal anesthesia, a type of regional anesthesia, that has been tried in the last two decades may provide anesthesia without these complication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective randomized cohort study, performed in women health private hospital between Sep. 2023-Sep. 2024. for 200 term pregnant women attending for elective cesarean section, 100 women undergoes spinal anesthesia and 100 women undergoes general anesthesia. Those women with any risk factor that affect study parameters as preterm baby or placenta previa were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis shows non-significant difference in age and parity among the groups with no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate after operation the mean volume of intraoperative blood loss and the mean decline in hemoglobin is higher in general anesthesia group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spinal anesthesia provides better outcome regarding lower intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, higher fetal Apgar score at 1st minutes, with similar haemodynamic stability. It is a better option for cesarean section anesthesia reducing morbidity and mortality from the increasingly performed operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Issenova, K Bakytkhan, B Malgazhdarova, Z Bazarbayeva, N Dzhardemaliyeva, A Zhaksylykova, R Skakova, R Attar
{"title":"THE ROLE OF THE VAGINAL MICROBIOTA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRETERM PREMATURE BIRTH IN WOMEN WITH IC: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.","authors":"S Issenova, K Bakytkhan, B Malgazhdarova, Z Bazarbayeva, N Dzhardemaliyeva, A Zhaksylykova, R Skakova, R Attar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical insufficiency and vaginal microbiota imbalance impact preterm birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the role of vaginal microbiota in prelabor rupture of membranes in women with cervical insufficiency, focusing on microbial profile, risk factors, biomarkers, management, and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review (2020-2025) analyzed 13 original studies written in English on vaginal microbiota's role in PROM in women with cervical insufficiency, retrieved via ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with bias evaluation using RoB 1 and ROBINS-I tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key findings show that Lactobacillus depletion and increased pathogenic bacteria like Gardnerella, E. coli, and Mycoplasma are common in dysbiosis microbiota. Diagnostic criteria for cervical insufficiency include short cervix and cervical dilation, with cerclage and progesterone being common treatments. PROM typically occurs around 24 weeks gestation, often spontaneously, with risk factors including bacterial vaginosis, short cervix, and cervical insufficiency. Preterm birth rates vary (8.9% to 84%), with neonatal outcomes including respiratory distress and mortality. Some studies show up to 93% fetal survival, with MMP-8 and elevated inflammatory cytokines linked to microbial imbalance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Microbial dysbiosis in cervical insufficiency linked to preterm birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ASSESSING GEORGIAN NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ON SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION: GAPS AND COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES.","authors":"M Machitidze, I Grdzelidze, D Kordzaia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>Ensuring the safe administration of medications is a critical component of effective clinical care and patient recovery. Healthcare professionals' educational backgrounds significantly influence patient safety by fostering analytical thinking and sound clinical judgment. In Georgia, while most hospital nurses hold professional-level qualifications, the absence of mandatory licensing and continuing education raises concerns about sustained competency. This study examines the knowledge and attitudes of Georgian hospital nurses toward safe medication administration to identify gaps and inform safety-enhancing interventions.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional quantitative study used stratified random sampling (SRS) to ensure regional representation. The required sample size was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI), 5% margin of error (ME), and a 50% response distribution (RD). Based on an estimated population of ~22,000 hospital nurses in Georgia, the minimum sample size was 378. The final sample size was increased to 400 to mitigate potential non-response or incomplete data. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire containing closed- and open-ended items. Knowledge and attitudes toward medication safety were analyzed by gender, age, education level, and employment location (capital vs. regional hospitals) using validated measurement scales (VMS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that 78% of nurses demonstrated basic knowledge of medication safety, only 52% were familiar with high-alert medications, and just 46% routinely double-checked dosages. Regarding attitudes, 64% acknowledged the importance of safe administration, yet 39% reported feeling time-constrained, impacting adherence to protocols. Additionally, 33% indicated a lack of institutional support or standardized guidelines. These results point to significant gaps in knowledge and practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the need for standardized training and national safety protocols to reduce risks and improve medication safety in Georgian hospitals. Targeted educational interventions are essential to support safer, more effective care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 361","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}