Georgian medical news最新文献

{"title":"BREAST CANCER AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF BRCA1 AND BRCA2.","authors":"J Borges, R Aithmia, J Mittal, T Bhatnagar, Sh Gupta, B Samrat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a disease that has a 1 in 8 lifetime risk for women, making it an international burden. Although breast cancer mostly affects women, men have a lifetime risk of around 1 in 1000. The majority of breast cancer instances continue linked to breast cancers that have acquired somatic mutations during a person's lifespan. The mutations that are in the situation do not cluster in families and are not inherited. The particular genetic variables involved in hereditary breast cancer will define a cancer risk due to genetics. Despite fact, Cadherin-1(CDH1), Phosphatase and TENsin (PTEN), Partner and Localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2), serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11), Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), and tumor protein 53 (TP53) genes have mutations, a BReast CAncer gene 1 (BRCA1) and BReast CAncer gene 2 (BRCA2) genes, documented to inherit significantly increase a chance of developing BRCA. Recognizing the functional importance of genetic mutations has created avenues to prevent breast cancer and is revealing promising therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROSPECTS AND LONG-TERM RESULTS AFTER ENDODONTIC SURGERY.","authors":"Z Khabadze, I Mer, S Fokina, T Mityushkina, E Kakabadze, F Badalov, N Dolzhikov, S Saeidyan, A Umarov, A Wehbe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>to analyze the current literature data on the topic of prospects and distant results after endodontic surgery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. This review was written with the help of literature searches in the electronic databases Google Scholar and PubMed. This systematic review aims to assess the current literature data on the topic perspectives and long-term results after endodontic surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 952 articles were reviewed. After analyzing the literature according to the inclusion criteria, the final number was 52. Articles whose content related to the concept of prospective and distant results after endodontic surgery were selected and included in the review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endodontic surgery is a useful tool for the dentist to ensure long-term tooth preservation. The long-term results of surgical interventions show different outcomes and dependence on many factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"80-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EARLY PREDICTORS OF NON-UNION OF DIAPHYSEAL TIBIAL FRACTURES BASED ON SCORING SYSTEMS.","authors":"F Umarov, J Samatov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The lack of standardization in the assessment of healing potential of diaphyseal tibial fractures in the early stages of treatment leads to late diagnosis of non-union, which requires the development of prognostic diagnostic criteria that take into account possible risk factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze and evaluate the available scoring systems for predicting union and non-union of diaphyseal tibial fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for publications in Scopus (Elsevier), PubMed, Publons, Medline, RSCI, Google, and Google Scholar databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six systems for predicting the risk of non-union of tibial fractures were analyzed, 4 of which included clinical and surgical risk factors for non-union. The advantage of the scoring systems is the identification of interventional thresholds for early detection of non-union.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Radiographic Union Scale for Tibia (RUST), the Tibia FRACTure prediction healING (FRACTING), the Leeds-Genoa Non-Union Index (LEG-NUT), and the Non-Union Scoring System (NUSS) are the most researched and recommended for clinical use. The Non-union Determination Score (NURD) and Tibial Fracture Healing Score (TFHS) systems require further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"174-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACUTE FORMS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN THE NOSOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF HOSPITALIZATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ALMATY CITY CARDIOLOGY CENTER.","authors":"L Zhussupbekova, D Nurkina, S Sarkulova, G Smailova, K Zholamanov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases are the leaders in morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most common cause of emergency hospitalization of cardiac patients is acute coronary syndrome, represented by acute forms of coronary heart disease: unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Among the young population (18-44 years old, according to WHO), in contrast to the older cohort, there has been a significant increase in cardiovascular morbidity over the last two decades. In young patients, acute coronary syndrome is often the onset of the disease, which leads to an unfavorable prognosis in this category of patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency and structure of reasons for hospitalization of young people over a five-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data of medical records of 1827 young patients, hospitalized to Almaty City Cardiology center over a five-year period (2018-2022). The frequency of hospitalization, mortality and reasons for hospitalization of patients at a cardiology center were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a five-year period, we observed an increase in the number of hospitalizations of young patients, with a peak in 2019. The most common cause of hospitalization in the young group of patients were acute forms of coronary artery disease - 36%. The frequency of hospitalizations with acute coronary pathology tended to increase. The acute transmural myocardial infarction of the left ventricle was a leading type of myocardial infarction in young people.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dynamics of the frequency of hospitalization of young patients with acute forms of coronary artery disease tended to increase during the period under review, and the most common reason for hospitalization was acute coronary syndrome. However, unstable angina was recorded more often than myocardial infarction, and the most common type of myocardial infarction was acute transmural myocardial infarction of the left ventricle, which probably determines the severity and poor prognosis in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEVI IN CHILDREN: CLINICO-DERMOSCOPIC CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH LOCATION.","authors":"Kh Kudava","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nevi developed in children are one of the topical issues of pediatric dermatology. The constant change in size and shape often worries parents, and unnecessary removal of the nevi is planned. The development of accompanying scars and sometimes recurring nevi presents a new problem for parents and dermatologists.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to study acquired moles in children to reveal the predominant clinical and dermoscopic characteristics, their general and location-related features.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Clinical-dermoscopic manifestations of 107 acquired pigmented nevi of 43 patients were studied. Patients age ranged from 3 to 12 years. Dermoscopic features were assessed using a digital dermoscope. The data were statistically evaluated in the SPSS system using the chi-square test, a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 24 scalp nevi of 11 patients included the following forms: 14 (58.3%) solid brown, 7 (29.2%) Eclipse nevus, 2 (8.3%) solid pink and one (4.2%) Cockade nevus. Distribution of the dermoscopic characteristics was as follows: globular pattern 12(50%); homogenous-reticular 7(29,1%); globular- homogenous-reticular 1(4,2%); reticular-globular 4(16,7%). 35 nevi of 14 patients detected in the face area included the following forms: 30(85.7%) solid brown, 3(8.6%) solid pink and 2(5.7%) Spitz nevus. Distribution of the dermoscopic characteristics was as follows: globular pattern 33 (94,3%%), homogenous and dotted vascular pattern 2 (5,7%). 48 nevi of 18 patients detected on the body (trunk and limbs) included the following forms: 45 (93.8%) solid brown nevus and 3 (6.2%) Spitz nevus. Distribution of the dermoscopic characteristics was as follows: globular pattern 28 (58,3%) , reticular 11(22,9%), reticular-globular 7(14,6%), homogenous and dotted vascular pattern 2 (4,2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most common type of nevus in children solid brown, was found to be universal for all locations, and presented dermoscopically with the predominant characteristic of globular structures. Clinically different nevi in children were presented with pronounced symmetry and were mostly characterized by two-component dermoscopic features. Spitz nevi presented as single moles on the face and upper extremities, and Eclipse nevi as multiple pigmented nevi on the scalp.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS: WIDE LOCAL EXCISION AS DERMATOSURGICAL APPROACH WITH FAVOURABLE FINAL OUTCOME-CASE PRESENTATION AND SHORT UPDATE ON THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS.","authors":"G Tchernev, V Broshtilova, S Kordeva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade cutaneous sarcoma typically found on the proximal extremities and the trunk, characterized by infiltrative growth and low risk of metastasis. High rates of local recurrence or relatively large tumor sizes can significantly complicate therapeutic management, particularly when 1) surgical intervention is not adequately performed and /or 2 access to newer medications is limited or their high cost imposes a financial burden on patients. We present the case of a 63-year-old male with a histologically confirmed dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, measuring 6 cm in diameter, located on the right dorsal region, accompanied by several confluent multifocal nodules situated infralaterally to the primary formation. Wide surgical excision with 5 mm margins in all directions was performed, achieving clean resection margins in all directions and short term recidive-free outcome. This report also provides a brief overview of the therapeutic options available for DFSP, emphasizing the surgical approach, which remains the gold standard for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"68-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BINOCULAR INTERACTION IN AMBLYOPIA.","authors":"N Maghlakelidze, M Zueva, G Petriashvili, S Skliarenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review presents new ideas about developmental mechanisms of amblyopia, which are currently discussed in literature. Objective evidence has accumulated that amblyopia affects both monocular and binocular functions in visual processing. Given the increasing evidence of fundamental and clinical research, it is most likely that binocular dysfunction is primary, and monocular reduction is visual acuity is secondary to this disease. Amblyopia is rather binocular than monocular pathology, and binocular interaction seems to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of strabismic, anisometropic and combined forms of amblyopia. According to this theory, it seems appropriate to begin the treatment with the restoration of binocular vision, which also leads to the restoration of the vision of the amblyopic eye. Poor visual functions in amblyopia is associated with the presence of suppression in binocular conditions of vision. Suppression transforms the structurally binocular system functionally monocular. Therefore, the first and most important step to restore binocular vision should be considered the elimination of suppression. The quantification of suppression is a critically important step for the improvement of new therapies for amblyopia based on the global perception of movement associated with the function of the dorsal extrastriate visual cortex. This new understanding of amblyopia now becomes the basis for carrying out a large volume of diverse studies that provide the development of more effective therapies that will primarily focus on eliminating suppression and restoring binocular vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"188-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PROVIDING NUTRITION CARE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE AKMOLA REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN.","authors":"S Muratbekova, B Leonberg, Sh Kulbayeva, Zh Duisenbina, Yu Lissitsyn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of our study is to assess the level of knowledge of medical students on proper nutrition for various pathologies. Senior medical students at the Faculty of Medicine at Ualikhanov University in Kokshetau were asked to complete an online survey of knowledge about nutrition and attitudes towards providing nutrition care. The survey included forty multiple-choice questions regarding nutrition knowledge for caring for patients with obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hospitalized patients, using questions previously published for a similar study. Fifty-eight students were surveyed. According to the survey results, nutrition knowledge was poor, with an average score of 42.15% on the knowledge test. However, attitudes towards providing nutrition care were positive, and students agreed strongly with the importance of providing nutrition guidance to their patients. Considering the importance of nutrition in various pathologies, this study shows that it is necessary to further improve the methodology of teaching the discipline of dietetics in the Faculty of Medicine, and also to increase training hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING DISEASE PREDICTION USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS.","authors":"N Ilenko-Lobach, O Boychenko, N Ilenko, S Salomatina, E Nikolishyna, M Karnauh, A Voloshyna, A Zaitsev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout their existence, people have sought to know what tomorrow holds for them. It was especially important to learn about a full life, illness or death. Science is the essence of human knowledge, which is organized according to certain principles, a real connection of judgments, predictions and problems of reality and its individual spheres or aspects. Various indexes are used in modern periodontology. Index assessment allows you to succinctly and conveniently display the static state of periodontal tissues in quantitative terms. With their help, you can get an idea of the prevalence, degree of severity, the course of the inflammatory-destructive or dystrophic process, evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and the quality of dispensary work in a specific patient or dispensary group. Among the indices, clinical ones are especially defined. They are the main group of indices that allows the clinician to assess the state of the periodontal tissues in a variety of ways. With their help, you can get a general idea of the nature of the course of the disease, plan the amount of medical interventions, evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and dispensation. Various indexes are used in modern periodontology. Index assessment allows you to succinctly and conveniently display the static state of periodontal tissues in quantitative terms. With their help, you can get an idea of the prevalence, degree of severity, the course of the inflammatory-destructive or dystrophic process, evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and the quality of dispensary work in a specific patient or dispensary group. Among the indices, clinical ones are especially defined. They are the main group of indices that allows the clinician to assess the state of the periodontal tissues in a variety of ways. With their help, you can get a general idea of the nature of the course of the disease, plan the amount of medical interventions, evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and dispensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"77-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF OVARIAN ENDOMETRIOMAS: PRE- AND POST-SURGICAL USE OF DIENOGEST.","authors":"N Grigalashvili, L Pkhaladze, A Khomasuridze","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>to evaluate the efficacy of an integrated management approach for ovarian endometriomas using Dienogest administered both before and after laparoscopic cyst enucleation in women with infertility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The prospective, comparative clinical trial included 44 patients aged 18-35 years with ovarian endometriomas and infertility. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the study group (20 participants) received Dienogest for six months before and after laparoscopic cyst enucleation, while the control group (24 participants) underwent laparoscopic cyst enucleation without additional hormonal treatment. Outcomes measured included: cyst size (before treatment and after six months of Dienogest administration in the study group), serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC) in both groups (before and six months after surgery), pregnancy rates, and recurrence rates of endometriomas within a 1-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study Group: Dienogest treatment resulted in a significant reduction in cyst size before surgery. AFC and AMH levels remained stable before and after surgery. At the 1-year follow-up, 13 participants (65%) achieved pregnancy, and endometrioma recurrence was observed in 3 participants (15%).</p><p><strong>Control group: </strong>Six months post-surgery, AFC and AMH levels were significantly lower than pre-surgery levels. During the follow-up, 7 participants (29.2%) achieved pregnancy, and endometrioma recurrence was noted in 19 participants (79.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integrated management approach using Dienogest administered both before and after laparoscopic cyst enucleation has proven to be effective in improving reproductive outcomes and reducing recurrence rates of ovarian endometriomas in women with infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 355","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}