REGENERATIVE MATERIALS - THEIR INDICATIONS AND USE IN IMPLANTOLOGY: A LITERATURE REVIEW.

Abstract

Introduction: The primary objective of any implant system is to achieve firm fixation to the bone, which can be influenced by both biomechanical factors and biomaterial selection. An array of materials is used for the replacement of missing teeth through implantation. The appropriate selection of biomaterials directly influences the clinical success and longevity of implants. Therefore, clinicians need to have adequate knowledge of the various biomaterials and their properties for their judicious selection and application in clinical practice. Recent materials, such as bioceramics and composite biomaterials, which are under consideration and investigation, show a promising future. For optimal performance, implant biomaterials should have suitable mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and structural biostability in the physiological environment.

Aim of study: The aim of this paper is to explain, through a review of the most current literature on regenerative materials, their indications, and their use in implantology: - The significance of these materials in surgical implant procedures, - The properties and indications of these materials, - The classification of natural and synthetic materials, - Their application in surgical procedures such as sinus lift, alveolar ridge augmentation, and implant placement.

Material and methods: This article is a literature review in which the most current scientific and professional data on regenerative materials in implant dentistry are discussed and presented. The data for this paper were gathered from university textbooks, as well as articles published and archived in PubMed, Science Direct, Dental Products Report, and other sources.

Conclusions: Bone grafts and substitute materials, which are either in particle or block form, are used in dentistry to regenerate missing hard tissue structures. There is a growing demand for new and more efficient grafting materials. Currently, bone grafts and substitute materials primarily serve as a structural scaffold for osteoregenerative processes, fulfilling the criteria of osteoconduction.