BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY PRODUCED NEUROSTIMULANTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PROLONGED IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR PERFORMANCE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW.

The search for effective agents to enhance motor performance and accelerate neurorehabilitation has increasingly focused on neurostimulants-compounds that enhance neural excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. This chapter explores the promising role of biotechnologically produced neurostimulants, particularly bacterial melanin synthesized in Armenia, in supporting functional recovery and sustained improvements in motor output. Unlike traditional pharmacological neurostimulants such as modafinil, amantadine, or methylphenidate, which primarily target monoaminergic systems, bacterial melanin demonstrates neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, and electrophysiologically stimulating properties across various CNS regions, including the substantia nigra. Emerging experimental data indicate that bacterial melanin increases spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity, potentiates dopaminergic transmission, and supports axonal integrity post-injury-features that align with modern neurorehabilitation goals. This chapter critically examines the physiological basis and translational potential of such novel neurostimulants by integrating findings from optogenetic stimulation, pharmacological trials, and neurobehavioral rehabilitation paradigms. The convergence of microbial biotechnology and neurostimulant pharmacology may redefine clinical approaches to motor dysfunction and neuroplastic recovery following central nervous system injury.