Georgian medical news最新文献

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS BY USING EORTC QLQ-C30 QUESTIONNAIRE IN EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION.","authors":"Y Aymuhambetov, Z Khismetova, N Iskakov, K Akhmetova, D Serikova-Esengeldina, G Shalgumbayeva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. It represents about 30% of all new cancer diagnoses in women.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this investigation to assess the quality of life in breast cancer patients by using EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires in the East Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 150 patients diagnosed with BC participated in this one-stage cross-sectional study. The QLQ-C30 questionnaire was presented as mean±standard deviation, 95% CI. ANOVA test used to assess differences in EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire by age, education, occupation, and stage of disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average global health score was 46.1±35.6, indicating moderate well-being. Common issues included fatigue (37.6±31.7), pain (30.4±24.9), and insomnia (35.1±37.0). Rural residents reported better global health (64.1±14.3 vs. 42.3±37.5, p=0.004). Higher education was associated with improved cognitive (77.6±29.9 vs. 62.5±25.5, p<0.001) and emotional functioning. Retirees had the highest global health (73.9±24.9), physical (94.2±6.4), and cognitive scores (89.6±14.7, p=0.044). Cancer stage influenced functioning domains but not overall health (p=0.067).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quality of life in breast cancer survivors varies by age, residence, education, profession, and cancer stage, highlighting the need for personalized support.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CORTICAL STRUCTURES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF PROLONGED COMPRESSION SYNDROME OF THE HIND LIMB IN RATS.","authors":"A Isoyan, M Danielyan, I Antonyan, N Azizyan, A Mkrtchyan, K Karapetyan, K Nebogova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crush syndrome (CS) is a pathological shock-like condition that develops following prolonged compression of the trunk, extremities, or their segments by heavy objects, and is characterized by an inflammatory response that extends beyond the affected soft tissues and penetrates into complex brain structures. To investigate the dynamics of the morphological and functional state of rat brain cellular structures following hind limb compression, we employed a histochemical method for detecting the activity of Ca²⁺-dependent acid phosphatase. Experiments were performed on sexually mature albino rats. Experimental CS models were created using a custom apparatus that allowed 3-hour and 6-hour compression of the hind limb. Morphohistochemical analysis revealed that after 3 hours of compression, neurons in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) largely retained their typical morphology, dendritic orientation, and moderate levels of cytoplasmic enzymatic activity. In a subset of neurons-predominantly in the granular layer-early signs of central chromatolysis were observed. After 6 hours of compression, the morphological profile of neurons in the studied SMC layers deteriorated markedly: alterations in cell shape and size, neuronal deformation, nuclear ectopia, and shortened or disrupted neurites indicated impaired intercellular connectivity. Notably, pyramidal neurons exhibited greater resilience compared with granular cells. An increase in nuclear acid phosphatase activity suggests the activation of early preventive mechanisms of the cellular damage response during the initial stages of injury. Thus, Ca²⁺-dependent acid phosphatase histochemistry demonstrated that crush syndrome is accompanied by progressive morphological impairments in SMC neurons, which become more pronounced with increasing compression duration. The observed morphological features of SMC neuronal injury following limb compression are characteristic of nonspecific neuronal damage and resemble acute neuronal swelling-a common, reversible form of cellular pathology. which is recognized as a reversible alteration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR EARLY DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITHOUT APPARENT DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION.","authors":"Z Balmukhamedova, G Derbissalina, A Dzholdasbekova, D Blyalova, L Murzakhalova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the era of advanced technologies and improvement of each branch of medicine, thanks to advances in technology and clinical research, new preventive and therapeutic strategies have been developed for cardiovascular diseases. Speckle tracking study is no exception.</p><p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>to assess the need for the introduction of speckle tracking echocardiography in conjunction with a routine method for the early diagnosis of any myocardial dysfunction, including the left atrium in females, in particular in the peripausal period.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study had a prospective design with an observation period of one year. The study involved 150 female patients, aged 47 to 53 years, with a known hormonal level, in accordance with the peripausal period. The study was conducted at the BMC of the Presidential Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Department of Functional Diagnostics. All tests were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 (IBM, USA) with a confidence level of 95%.</p><p><strong>Results of the study: </strong>All 150 subjects underwent routine echocardiography, after which we divided them into two main groups: 90 women (60%) formed a cohort of individuals with existing left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction, the remaining 60 women, or 40%, were individuals without existing LV diastolic dysfunction. Speckle tracking echocardiography was performed. During the study, in the cohort of individuals with left ventricle diastolic disfunction (LVDD) according to the results of routine echocardiography, 85 patients out of 90 patients had basal segment systolic dysfunction. This amounted to 94.5% of patients. In the remaining 5 patients (5.5%), no regressive changes in systole were detected. In the second cohort of sixty women with no LVDD on routine echocardiography, only 50, or 83.4%, had normal systolic function on the basal section. The remaining 16.6% - 10 patients, without changes in diastolic function on routine echocardiography, showed systolic dysfunction and pre-diastolic pathology during the speckle tracking echocardiography (ST-ECHO) examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The routine echocardiography method in our study showed that it often cannot be a method for preventing the development of myocardial systolic dysfunction in individuals with existing diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle myocardium. A direct relationship was found between the presence of LV systolic dysfunction of the basal layers on speckle tracking echocardiography examination in women even without pronounced LV diastolic dysfunction. Thus, left ventricle diastolic disfunction accompanies left ventricle systolic disfunction (LVSD) in almost 60% of cases. This means that it is mandatory and recommended to introduce ST-ECHO to the routine examination of echocardiography, as an informative method-predictor of further adverse cardiovascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"80-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C VIRUSES SEROPREVALENCE AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN AL-DAMAZIN STATE, SUDAN: A THREE-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.","authors":"A Talha, M Jeweser, A Ahmed, A Mohammed, E Ahmed, G Modawe, S Hussein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The main blood-borne viruses that cause post-transfusion hepatitis are Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV). These viruses can cause chronic infections, cirrhosis, and potentially hepatocellular cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to look into the sero-prevalence and trend of HBV and HCV among blood donors in Al-Damazin Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized the records of donations in the Central Blood Bank Laboratory Al-Damazin from January 2022 to December 2024, and the relevant parameters were analyzed using the SPSS version 20-computer program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 27916 blood donors, 1196 (4.3%) had positive HBV infection, and 160 (0.6%) were positive for HCV infection indicating a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus. The prevalence of HBV and HCV showed a decreasing trend during the three years of the current investigation. There was a small decrease in the overall seroprevalence of HBV, from 6.04% in 2022 to 5.43% in 2023, and it decreased to 3.46% in 2024. The sero-detection of HBV decreased from 6.04% in 2022 to 5.43% in 2023 and decreased to 3.46% in 2024, while the sero-detection of HCV also decreased from 0.74% in 2022 to 0.62%, and then the HCV infection was further declined to 0.5% in 2024.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found that the incidence of the hepatitis B virus was greater among the study subjects, and there was a low prevalence of HCV. We recommend carefully selecting blood donors and implementing HBV and HCV nucleic acid testing as part of the blood donor screening procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK AS A METHOD OF MULTIMODAL OPIOID-SPARING POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW.","authors":"G Alimkhanova, M Syzdykbayev, R Ashzhanov, K Rustemova, M Kazymov, R Kazangapov, A Kazangapova, S Imangazinova, Y Kairkhanov, B Tuleuov, S Khalelov, R Khripunov, S Abdrakhmanov, A Mijatov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes the updated literature on the use of the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as a method of multimodal opioid-sparing analgesia.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Opioid drugs are frequently used to manage postoperative pain. Excessive opioid prescribing may play a role in the current opioid crisis. Therefore, novel opioid-sparing and multimodal approaches to postoperative analgesia are currently desired. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a form of loco-regional anesthesia of the anterolateral abdominal wall. Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of TAP block for postoperative analgesia following various types of abdominal surgeries. This review discusses the TAP block in the context of opioid-sparing postoperative analgesia in comparison to other methods.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The TAP block is a safe and reliable technique for postoperative somatic analgesia, with efficacy comparable to other modalities such as epidural, spinal, and regional blocks. However, it does not adequately control visceral pain and is therefore most effective when incorporated into a multimodal analgesic regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"188-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESULTS OF MEDICAL CARE FOR PERSONS WITH POLYTRAUMA IN ALMATY AND CORRECTION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACH.","authors":"A Baimakhanov, A Oshibayeva, T Kozhakhmetov, N Omarov, D Akhmetzhanova, B Duman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organizational aspects of patient management play an important role in ensuring adequate diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. They are especially important in severe acute conditions in therapeutic, surgical practice, and traumatology. Polytrauma occupies a special place among traumatic injuries, is allocated to a special category at the level of all stages of medical care for patients with traumatic injuries. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of providing care to patients with polytrauma in a metropolis (Almaty), including when using a modified management program at the prehospital and hospital stages. Research base: Emergency medical care organizations in Almaty, clinics providing hospital medical care to patients with injuries in Almaty. The general characteristics of polytrauma in the conditions of the Kazakh metropolis - Almaty - allows us to note its relatively moderate prevalence, combined with high mortality, which causes a significant part of the negative outcomes of traumatic injuries in general. According to some data, the mortality rate for multiple injuries in a metropolitan area ranges from 18% to 32%, depending on the severity of the condition, the timeliness of assistance, and the coordination of actions between the stages of prehospital and hospital treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"378-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT ADVANCES OF AGE - RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.","authors":"Wen-Wen Liu, Zhi-Juan Xu, Fang Xu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent and vision - threatening disease among the elderly. This review article focuses on the latest understanding of its pathogenesis and the significant treatment advances. In terms of pathogenesis, new research reveals the complex interplay of genetic factors, such as complement pathway gene mutations, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of AMD. The treatment landscape has also witnessed remarkable progress, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies revolutionizing the management of wet AMD, and emerging treatments like gene therapy, complement pathway inhibitors, and stem cell - based therapies showing great potential for both wet and dry AMD. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these new insights and treatment options, which may contribute to better clinical management and future research directions for AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"352-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF MEDICAL EDUCATION REFORMS ON ONCOLOGIST WORKFORCE AND LUNG CANCER MORTALITY IN KAZAKH-STAN: AN INTERRUPTED TIME SERIES ANALYSIS WITH PREDICTIVE MOD-ELING OF NATIONWIDE DATA FROM 1998 TO 2023.","authors":"S Adilgazyuly, T Bulegenov, A Mussakhanova, T Adylkhanov, K Abdilov, Z Altybayeva, G Bazarova, M Kudaibergenova, M Alchimbayeva, A Utegenova, G Otepova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer continues to be a significant global health challenge, accounting for the highest cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in understanding the disease and improving treatment modalities, survival rates remain alarmingly low, largely owing to the high incidence of lung cancer, which is predominantly attributable to smoking. In Kazakhstan, key reforms in oncologist training were introduced in 2008 and 2020 - replacing short-term oncology courses with a standardized multi-year clinical residency program - in an effort to improve the quality and availability of specialized cancer care. This study evaluates the impact of recent reforms in oncologist training in Kazakhstan on the number and distribution of oncologists and examines the correlation between these changes and lung cancer mortality rates from 1998-2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) using best-fit epidemiological model was conducted to examine the impact of medical education reforms on the number and PMP rates of oncologists in Kazakhstan, as well as their impact on the mortality of lung cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lung cancer mortality rates per 100,000 population ranged from 20.24 to 10.12, with a consistent downward trend observed throughout the study period. The total number of oncologists ranged from 499 to 1219, reflecting an increasing trend throughout the study period. Significant disparities were observed between urban and rural areas, with the number of oncologists in urban settings being six times greater than that in rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the urgent need for continued reforms in medical education and training to strengthen the oncology workforce in Kazakhstan. The findings reveal pronounced disparities between urban and rural regions, as well as the adverse effects of abolishing short-term training programs on rural areas. To address these challenges, targeted policies are required to mitigate rural shortages, expand flexible training opportunities, and introduce incentives that support the recruitment and retention of specialists in underserved regions. Such measures are critical to improving equity in access to oncological care and reducing lung cancer mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"342-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ADENTIA (BASED ON ARCHIVAL DATA).","authors":"H Musayeva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim is to evaluate the frequency and nature of complications after orthopedic treatment of partial and complete adentia (according to archival data). A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 310 patients with secondary adentia and complications after orthopedic treatment was performed. The mean age of the patients was 65.1±2.16 years, men accounted for 53.9%, women - 46.1%1. 43.2% of patients had complete secondary adentia and 56.8% of patients had partial secondary adentia. Complications were registered in 36.1% of patients. Mechanical complications occurred in 6.8% of patients with partial adentia and 14.2% of patients with complete adentia (p=0.033). Functional complications in general showed significant differences between groups (2.8% for partial adentia and 8.2% for complete adentia; p=0.035). Biologic complications occurred in 32.8% of patients with complete adentia and in11.9% of patients with partial adentia (p< 0.001). The most frequent complication in both groups was denture bed stomatitis (6.8% in partial and 21.6% in complete adentia, p< 0.001). The highest rate of complications was registered with plate full dentures (39.7%), while the rate of complications in patients with bracket prostheses was 13.0%). The conducted analysis of the archival material for the 10-year period showed that removable dental prostheses remain an actual and demanded method of secondary adentia treatment. However, the frequency of complications, especially in case of complete prosthetics, remains high, which requires: more thorough preparation of supporting tissues; individual selection of the design; regular control and correction of prostheses; teaching patients the rules of hygienic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"388-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHALLENGES IN RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS: CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA VS ASTROCYTOMA.","authors":"E Muçaj, E Durmishi, S Muçaj, L Kuçi, E Muçaj, G Durmishi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain tumors in children and adults differ not only in their cellular characteristics but also in where they typically develop in the brain. In children, 30% of pediatric brain tumors are supratentorial lesions. Low-grade astrocytomas, as pilocytic astrocytoma or craniopharyngioma, are the most common tumors. In this study we describe the case of a 6-year-old male patient, diagnosed with epilepsy at the age of 3, presented to the Pediatric Neurology Clinic for routine check-up. During this visit, it was noticed that the patient has recently experienced frequent epileptic attacks regardless of antiepileptic therapy, and other symptoms such as headache, vomiting, visual problems and tiredness. During these several years of treatment, the patient was never referred for MRI or CT scans of the head. The patient was finally referred to a radiologist for further evaluation and imaging studies. MRI of the head in correlation with CT was performed, due to suspicion of a secondary cause for these epileptic seizures. These imaging studies ultimately identified an unexpected outcome and a real challenge in the right diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"211-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}