Fungal Biology ReviewsPub Date : 2023-03-01Epub Date: 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.003
Xingyue Li , Chi Zhang , Ling Lu
{"title":"Fungal calcineurin complex as an antifungal target: From past to present to future","authors":"Xingyue Li , Chi Zhang , Ling Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin complex has been considered a prospective target for developing novel drugs due to its importance in fungal growth, virulence, and stress responses in pathogenic fungi. Therefore, two well-known immunosuppressants, FK506 and cyclosporine A were successfully identified to inhibit calcineurin by combining with FK506-binding protein 12 and cyclophilin A, respectively. However, these drugs are immunosuppressive and may exhibit serious side effects. There is a growing number of literatures reported on further exploring functions of the calcineurin complex as promising antifungal targets. In general, the majority of the calcineurin complex structures are conserved but some functions are species-specific. Nevertheless, there still have a lot of functional motifs in the calcineurin complex that are unexplored. Therefore, further investigation and experimentation into the calcineurin complex are strongly required. This review not only has summarized previous findings but also explored bioinformatics analysis along with structural models of the calcineurin complex for finding fungal-specific regions as potential targets, laying the groundwork for future research into new therapeutics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42261940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungal Biology ReviewsPub Date : 2023-03-01Epub Date: 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.09.003
Viktória Krajanová
{"title":"Discoveries and identification methods of metal oxalates in lichens and their mineral associations: A review of past studies and analytical options for lichenologists","authors":"Viktória Krajanová","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lichens are generally acknowledged as the main agents of the initial bioweathering of rock substrates. The most direct evidence of a chemical interaction between lichens and their mineral substrata is the production of oxalic acid, of which interaction with ions present in a close lichen environment occasionally results in the precipitation of metal oxalates. In the past, only a few studies revealed the presence of metal oxalates in lichens, and currently, almost no new discoveries are arriving. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to bring the focus back to this phenomenon. To date, only Mg oxalate dihydrate, Mn oxalate dihydrate, Cu oxalate hemihydrate, Zn oxalate dihydrate, and anhydrous Pb oxalate have been detected in lichens. The most reliable diagnostic methods of metal oxalates in lichens are powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Prospective lichen specimens for investigations may be found in anthropogenically-polluted environment or naturally metal-rich rock substrata. This review acts as an initial guide that provides analytical options for field lichenologists, offers a few suggestions for further research on this matter, and encourages to new biomineral discoveries in the scope of mineralogy. Survival in the metal-toxic environment, ability to produce oxygen, and extremophile nature, are the reasons why lichens are good subjects for research within the context of currently expanding astrobiology sciences, as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44637234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungal Biology ReviewsPub Date : 2023-03-01Epub Date: 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.001
Marie L. Overgaard , Trine Aalborg , Emil J. Zeuner , Klaus R. Westphal , Frederik A. Lau , Vibeke S. Nielsen , Kasper B. Carstensen , Emil A. Hundebøll , Tia A. Westermann , Gustav G. Rathsach , Jens L. Sørensen , Jens C. Frisvad , Reinhard Wimmer , Teis E. Sondergaard
{"title":"Quick guide to secondary metabolites from Apiospora and Arthrinium","authors":"Marie L. Overgaard , Trine Aalborg , Emil J. Zeuner , Klaus R. Westphal , Frederik A. Lau , Vibeke S. Nielsen , Kasper B. Carstensen , Emil A. Hundebøll , Tia A. Westermann , Gustav G. Rathsach , Jens L. Sørensen , Jens C. Frisvad , Reinhard Wimmer , Teis E. Sondergaard","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Apiospora and Arthrinium</em> have undergone a period of upheaval with disparate phylogenic affiliation during the past ten years. Recently, they were divided into two separate clades with the majority being <em>Apiospora</em> and several species changing genus from <em>Arthrinum</em> to <em>Apiospora.</em> The first genome annotation became available in 2020, and the potential for novel secondary metabolite production appears very high in these yet unexplored genera compared to other more famous filamentous fungi. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge of 269 secondary metabolites isolated from the two fungal genera combined and highlight some of the compounds with known biological or toxic effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44339335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungal Biology ReviewsPub Date : 2023-03-01Epub Date: 2022-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.002
Marcia Saraiva , Magdalena E. Ściślak , Yerisf Torres Ascurra , Tatiana Martí Ferrando , Nikola Zic , Cyril Henard , Pieter van West , Franziska Trusch , Vivianne G.A.A. Vleeshouwers
{"title":"The molecular dialog between oomycete effectors and their plant and animal hosts","authors":"Marcia Saraiva , Magdalena E. Ściślak , Yerisf Torres Ascurra , Tatiana Martí Ferrando , Nikola Zic , Cyril Henard , Pieter van West , Franziska Trusch , Vivianne G.A.A. Vleeshouwers","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oomycetes form a phylogenetically distinct group of eukaryotic microorganisms that include some of the most notorious pathogens of plants and animals. Through the deployment of a remarkably diverse array of effector proteins, oomycete pathogens succeed to overcome host defences and cause infection. Effectors can operate extracellularly or enter living cells where they target diverse subcellular compartments. Genome sequence information indicates that oomycetes express several hundred host-translocating effectors potentially targeting a myriad of host processes. To counteract, plants rely on a wide variety of extra- and intracellular immune receptors facilitating pattern-triggered and effector-triggered immunity, respectively. Similarly, effectors from animal pathogenic oomycetes also target host immune response pathways, which in turn causes the activation of the humoral and adaptive immune system. In this review, we compare plant and animal pathogenic oomycete effectors regarding their type, function, genetic diversity, as well as host responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45505775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}