Geriatrics & Gerontology International最新文献

{"title":"Adding the Short Physical Performance Battery to a Fall Risk Score for Time-Dependent Prediction of Falls in Older Inpatients: A Retrospective Observational Study","authors":"Atsushi Shinonaga,&nbsp;Hiromi Matsumoto,&nbsp;Yutaka Okada,&nbsp;Masashi Yasunaga,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kadoya,&nbsp;Kenji Wada,&nbsp;Ken Sugimoto","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70873","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70873","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate whether incorporating the short physical performance battery (SPPB) assessed at hospital admission into a fall risk assessment score improves time-dependent predictive performance for falls among older inpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center. The SPPB was assessed within 2 days of admission. Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to examine associations with falls during hospitalization, treating discharge as a competing event. Model discrimination was evaluated using time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) at 20, 40, and 60 days. Differences in AUC (ΔAUC) were estimated using bootstrap resampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 428 older inpatients were included. Within 60 days, 80 patients (18.7%) experienced at least one fall. Lower SPPB scores were significantly associated with increased fall risk (SHR: 0.739, 95% CI: 0.682–0.800). The model incorporating the total SPPB score showed higher AUC values at 20, 40, and 60 days (0.761, 0.769, and 0.776, respectively) compared with the baseline model. The largest improvement in discrimination was observed for the model including balance at 20 days (ΔAUC: 0.124, 95% CI: 0.107–0.146).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incorporating the SPPB assessed at admission into the fall risk assessment score was associated with improved time-dependent predictive performance for falls during hospitalization. The SPPB may provide incremental value for identifying patients at increased risk of falls and supporting targeted fall prevention strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension Trajectories and Frailty Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A CHARLS Cohort Study","authors":"Ying Pi,&nbsp;Ying Zong,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Gao Wang,&nbsp;Xiqiong Xiao","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70860","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70860","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess whether longitudinal hypertension trajectories are associated with later frailty among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 6770 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) with complete data from waves 1 to 4 after excluding implausible body mass index values. Hypertension trajectories across waves 1 to 3 were classified as persistent no hypertension, incident/progressive hypertension, remission/fluctuation hypertension, or persistent hypertension. Frailty index (FI) at wave 4 was the outcome. Multivariable linear regression, restricted cubic spline analyses, sensitivity analyses, and exploratory mediation analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with persistent no hypertension, incident/progressive hypertension (<i>β</i> = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.006–0.020), remission/fluctuation hypertension (<i>β</i> = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.003–0.015), and persistent hypertension (<i>β</i> = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.002–0.014) were associated with higher FI. Baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also positively associated with FI. Systolic blood pressure showed a nonlinear association. Sensitivity analyses were broadly consistent. Exploratory mediation analyses suggested that cystatin C and C-reactive protein partly mediated the persistent hypertension–FI association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dynamic hypertension patterns and higher baseline blood pressure were associated with greater subsequent frailty burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Collision of Eastern and Western Cultures”: A Qualitative Study on Changing Perceptions of End-of-Life Care Among Older Chinese Immigrants","authors":"Peiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Fei Sun,&nbsp;Xiaoyouxiang Li,&nbsp;Yaofeng Chen,&nbsp;Kaipeng Wang","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70861","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70861","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Older Chinese immigrants have lower rates of end-of-life (EOL) care planning and use than non-Hispanic White counterparts, resulting in unmet palliative and hospice care needs. While acculturation is identified as a facilitator of end-of-life care planning, little is known about how perceptions shift throughout the acculturation process. Guided by the process model of acculturation, this qualitative study explored how perceptions of EOL care among older foreign-born Chinese immigrants changed during acculturation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative descriptive design with language-matched focus groups was used. Thirty-one Chinese-speaking older immigrants satisfied eligibility criteria. Five focus groups were conducted in Mandarin (<i>n</i> = 3) and Cantonese (<i>n</i> = 2). Participants' mean age was 76.4 (SD = 6.3; range 63–86) with an average of 22.9 years in the U.S. (SD = 11.1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a thematic constant comparison approach combined with inductive coding, guided by the process model of acculturation, we revealed how participants' perceptions of EOL care evolved through the acculturation process at familial, institutional, and societal levels. Familial and social networks served as key sources of new information; encounters with healthcare and other institutions reshaped care preferences and decision-making; and broader cultural contexts facilitated deeper attitudinal shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants reflected a dynamic interplay between exposure to U.S. healthcare, social network influences, and cultural or religious frameworks. Through this process, they developed new understandings of hospice and palliative care, reconciled these concepts with traditional values (e.g., filial piety), and gradually embraced more person-centered decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149107545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of Cognitive Performance-Based Screening Tools for Older Adults: Dual Tasks Combining Cognition and Hand Function.","authors":"I-Chen Chen, I-Ching Chuang, Chih-Hung Chang, Chih-Kuang Chen, Ching-Yi Wu","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70864","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of cognitive decline in older adults is essential for timely interventions to preserve independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Existing cognitive screening tools often lack ecological validity or require extensive administration. Dual-task paradigms combining cognitive and motor demands may provide a practical and sensitive alternative.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to validate two dual-task measures integrating cognition and hand function as cognitive screening tools for older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 103 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) were recruited and categorized into cognitively healthy (CH, n = 61) and cognitively impaired (CI, n = 42) groups based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Two dual tasks were proposed: (1) Serial Sevens Test with the Box and Block Test (SST-BBT) and (2) Frequency Discrimination with the Box and Block Test (FD-BBT). Construct validity was examined using known-groups comparisons and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Criterion-related validity was assessed via correlations with the Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After controlling for age as a covariate, the SST-BBT dual task significantly differentiated CH and CI groups (p < 0.001), with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.768 (95% CI: 0.675-0.862). The FD-BBT dual task also showed group differences (p = 0.003) but demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.713, 95% CI: 0.610-0.815). When applying the established dual-task cutoffs, the SST-BBT successfully discriminated performance across all criterion measures independent of age (Fs > 4.15, ps < 0.045, partial <math> <mrow><msup><mi>η</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> </mrow> </math> > 0.039), whereas the FD-BBT failed to discriminate executive function. Both dual-task measures demonstrated fair-to-good correlations with established cognitive and functional assessments (rs = 0.356-0.551), supporting their criterion-related validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SST-BBT dual task demonstrated acceptable validity, sensitivity, and ecological relevance, supporting its potential as a practical screening tool for detecting CI in older adults. Future studies should replicate these findings in larger, more diverse samples and examine longitudinal outcomes to establish predictive validity.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>CLINICALTRIALS.</p><p><strong>Gov identifier: </strong>NCT0468977.6.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":"e70864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimorbidity-Adjusted Pharmacotherapy Intensity and Subsequent Functional Disability Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Qian-Chen Wang, Zhen-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70870","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to derive a multimorbidity-adjusted pharmacotherapy intensity (MA-PI) score and explore its association with functional disability in adults with multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed longitudinal data (2015-2020) from 7477 CHARLS participants aged ≥ 45 years with ≥ 2 chronic conditions. MA-PI was defined as the Pearson residual from a Poisson regression model predicting expected treatment-category burden. Primary outcomes were any activity of daily living (ADL) disability and incident ADL disability in 2020. The secondary outcome was past-year hospitalization. Associations of MA-PI with outcomes were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression across quartiles and per 1-SD increase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, 33.5% reported any ADL disability, 22.8% developed incident ADL disability, and 26.3% reported hospitalization. In fully adjusted models, higher MA-PI (vs. Q1) was associated with greater odds of adverse outcomes. For any ADL disability, Q3 (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.44) and Q4 (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.53) remained significant. For participants without baseline disability, Q4 was significantly associated with incident ADL disability (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.64). Q3 and Q4 also had higher hospitalization odds (OR, 1.24 and 1.29, respectively). Results remained similar in continuous and disease-composition-adjusted analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher MA-PI was associated with subsequent functional disability and hospitalization. MA-PI may serve as a valuable framework for population-level epidemiological assessment of relative treatment-category use in multimorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":"e70870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive Agility Performance in Older Adults: Associations With Muscle Health and Functional Performance.","authors":"Min Hsu, Fan-Chen Liu, Chia-Chi Yang, Yu-Lin You, Kuei-Pin Kuo, Lan-Yuen Guo","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70871","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated reactive agility performance in older adults and examined its associations with muscle-related and functional factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 114 community-dwelling older adults with 110 valid reactive-agility data. A modified functional reactive agility test (FRAT) provided total time (TT), decision time (DT), and movement time (MT) from each participant's shortest-TT trial. Muscle health was characterized using skeletal muscle index (SMI) and handgrip strength, while functional performance was assessed separately using the five-times sit-to-stand test (5STST). Between-group differences were tested using one-way or Welch analysis of variance as appropriate. Separate multivariable models were fitted for TT, DT, and MT, with multiple-testing correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Minimum-TT trial outcomes did not differ among the four muscle-health groups. In the multivariable models, slower 5STST performance was consistently associated with longer TT (β = 0.48), DT (β = 0.37), and MT (β = 0.44), with all associations remaining significant after false-discovery-rate correction (all q < 0.001). No other examined covariate remained significantly associated with reactive agility outcomes after multiple-testing correction. Variance decomposition of TT showed that the MT variance term constituted the largest component of between-participant variability (70.2%), compared with the DT variance (10.4%) and DT-MT covariance (19.4%) terms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reactive agility did not differ significantly among muscle-health groups, whereas 5STST performance was consistently associated with TT, DT, and MT. Movement time represented the largest component of between-participant variability in TT, suggesting that functional performance and temporal components may offer complementary information for characterizing reactive agility in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":"e70871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putative Butyrate-Producing Gut Bacteria Profile and Muscle Health in Older Post-Stroke Patients.","authors":"Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Ayaka Matsumoto, Sayuri Shimazu, Kouki Yoneda, Fumihiko Nagano, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Keisuke Maeda","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.70869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Muscle health is a clinically relevant dimension of vulnerability in older post-stroke patients, but its gut microbial correlates remain unclear. We examined whether a taxonomy-based putative butyrate-producing gut bacteria profile was associated with admission muscle health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This registry-based cross-sectional study included patients aged 65 years or older with 16S rRNA gut microbiota data and no systemic antibiotic exposure within 4 weeks before stool sampling. A six-genera profile was constructed from genus-level relative abundance using centered log-ratio transformation, standardization, and averaging. Outcomes were handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), body mass index-indexed appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/BMI), and sarcopenia by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2025 criteria. Models adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, premorbid function, nutritional risk, and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 136 patients (mean age 78.7 years; 55.1% men), 80 (58.8%) had sarcopenia. After adjustment, a higher profile was associated with higher handgrip strength (β 1.85 kg, 95% CI 0.61-3.09), SMI (β 0.30 kg/m², 95% CI 0.07-0.54), and ASM/BMI (β 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.07), and lower sarcopenia prevalence (prevalence ratio 0.81 per standard deviation, 95% CI 0.71-0.93). Exploratory genus-level signals were most apparent for Agathobacter and Butyricicoccus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A taxonomy-based putative butyrate-producing gut bacteria profile was associated with better admission muscle health in older post-stroke rehabilitation patients. These findings support a gut-muscle phenotype association, not microbial function or causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":"e70869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nocturia ≥ 3/Night and 5-Year Fragility Fracture Risk in Older Urology Outpatients.","authors":"Kunihisa Nezu, Maiko Yamashita, Shingo Myoen, Naoki Kawamorita","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.70886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate whether nocturia ≥ 3/night stratifies 5-year fragility-fracture risk in older urology outpatients and to explore its prognostic performance alongside the N-QoL and IPSS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of urology outpatients aged ≥ 65 years at Hachinohe City Hospital, Japan, between 2015 and 2024. After exclusion of patients with prior fragility fracture, bone metastasis, or pathological fracture, and application of a 3-month landmark, 2290 participants were included. The primary outcome was first non-pathological fragility fracture. Bone metastasis and death were treated as competing events. Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models were adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes. To complement effect estimates, standardized 5-year cumulative incidence was estimated using model-based standardization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 48.1 months, 98 fragility fractures occurred; 42 bone metastases and 18 deaths were treated as competing events. Nocturia ≥ 3/night was associated with higher fracture risk than nocturia < 3/night (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-3.17). Impaired N-QoL was also associated with higher risk (sHR 1.92, 95% CI 1.12-3.30), whereas severe IPSS showed a weaker association (sHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.22). The standardized 5-year fracture risk was 9.8% for nocturia ≥ 3/night and 4.8% for nocturia < 3/night, corresponding to an absolute difference of 5.0 percentage points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nocturia ≥ 3/night was associated with higher 5-year fragility-fracture risk and may prompt consideration of falls and bone-health assessment in older urology outpatients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":"e70886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Between Individuals With Werner Syndrome and Those With Insulin-Resistant Type 2 Diabetes: Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Indices.","authors":"Makoto Miyabayashi, Masaya Koshizaka, Mayumi Shoji, Hiyori Kaneko, Kazuto Aono, Hisaya Kato, Tetta Sato, Takuro Horikoshi, Mai Ishikawa, Akiko Sekiguchi, Sei-Ichiro Motegi, Shinji Tsukamoto, Akira Taniguchi, Yukiko Shoda, Toru Yoshimura, Junji Kawashima, Kayo Yoshinaga, Hironori Nakagami, Yoichi Takami, Ken Sugimoto, Kunihiko Hashimoto, Naoki Okubo, Masato Ohara, Takashi Yoshida, Asako Kogure, Daisuke Suzuki, Masafumi Kuzuya, Kazuhisa Watanabe, Minoru Takemoto, Junko Oshima, Yoshiro Maezawa, Koutaro Yokote","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70866","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study compared metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in individuals with Werner syndrome (WS) and individuals with insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes (T2D). It also examined the association with imaging findings of MASLD in individuals with WS, clarified the characteristics of MASLD that accompany WS, and identified useful indices for its diagnosis in addition to imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hepatic steatosis and two hepatic fibrosis indices in 48 individuals enrolled in the Japanese Werner Syndrome Registry were compared with those in 101 Japanese individuals with insulin-resistant T2D from another clinical study. In individuals with WS, the liver/spleen ratio (L/S ratio) was calculated from computed tomography (CT) images, and its associations with each index were examined. Statistical analyses were performed using the Welch test and pairwise comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with WS had lower hepatic steatosis and fibrosis index values than those with insulin-resistant T2D. The mean L/S ratio calculated from CT images was 1.05 ± 0.24 in individuals with WS. The L/S ratio, which is one of the indicators for diagnosing MASLD, was < 0.9 in 5 of 20 cases (25%). Among the various indices in individuals with WS, only the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was correlated with the L/S ratio (r = -0.863, p = 0.0003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of MASLD is lower in individuals with WS than in those with insulin-resistant T2D. The HSI was associated with the L/S ratio in individuals with WS, suggesting that HSI may reflect hepatic steatosis-related changes in this population. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000034058) on November 3, 2017 (ID: UMIN000029812).</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":"e70866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilzation-Induced Muscle Atrophy Exacerbates Vascular Calcification and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Through Irisin Downregulation.","authors":"Zehan Song, Bo-Kyung Son, Miya Oura, Michiko Nanao-Hamai, Koichi Toyoshima, Aya Komuro, Sumito Ogawa, Masahiro Akishita","doi":"10.1111/ggi.70865","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.70865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia is widely recognized that affects multiple organs, including the cardiovascular system. Clinical studies have consistently shown associations between sarcopenia and vascular aging phenotypes such as vascular calcification, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, the molecular mechanisms by which muscle deterioration contributes to vascular degeneration remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To elucidate muscle-vascular crosstalk, we established a murine model combining inflammation-associated muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb immobilization with CaPO₄-induced AAA. Vascular degeneration was evaluated by Elastica van Gieson staining for elastic fiber integrity and von Kossa staining for calcification. The role of the muscle-derived myokine irisin was examined through recombinant irisin administration and pharmacological inhibition using the αVβ5 integrin antagonist cilengitide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Muscle atrophy markedly accelerated vascular calcification and AAA formation in the combined model compared with AAA alone. This was accompanied by enhanced osteogenic phenotype, downregulation of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6)/pAkt survival pathways, and pronounced inflammatory responses in the aortic wall. We found that muscle atrophy significantly reduced muscular and circulating irisin levels. Irisin administration attenuated vascular calcification and AAA progression, whereas irisin signaling inhibition exacerbated these vascular pathologies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides experimental evidence that muscle atrophy directly accelerates vascular calcification and AAA formation. We also identify irisin as a key molecular mediator linking muscle atrophy to vascular degeneration, highlighting muscle-derived signaling as a critical target for preventing vascular pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":"26 10","pages":"e70865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}