Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"High nitrogen retention potential of cellulose and starch applied to four soils under simulated post-harvest conditions","authors":"Kerui Zhao ,&nbsp;Rüdiger Reichel ,&nbsp;Holger Wissel ,&nbsp;Xiao Lu ,&nbsp;Nicolas Brüggemann","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional agriculture often leaves surplus mineral nitrogen (N_min) after harvest, increasing the risk of nitrogen (N) loss. Applying high soil carbon amendments (HCA) can promote microbial N retention when catch crops are not feasible. However, the effects of soil type on microbial N immobilization in response to HCA application are insufficiently understood. Here, we applied 50 kg N ha⁻¹ as ¹⁵N-labelled (NH₄)₂SO₄ and 4 t C ha⁻¹ as starch or cellulose to the Ap horizon of four contrasting agricultural soils in different soil organic carbon (SOC) and texture: alkaline silty Luvisol (SOC 0.93 %) and Regosol (SOC 0.35 %), and acidic sandy Luvisol (SOC 0.58 %) and Gleysol (SOC 1.72 %). Soils were incubated for 98 days at 8.6 °C and 65 % water-holding capacity, simulating post-harvest conditions in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. After 98 days under post-harvest condition, cellulose application reduced N_min by 50–140 kg N ha⁻¹ depending on the soil type, while starch induced faster N_min retention, followed by gradual re-release of N_min towards the end of the incubation period. HCA-amended soil showed that most of the ¹⁵N was recovered in the soil N pool inaccessible to multiple extractions (N_ret), rather than in microbial biomass. In HCA-amended clay soils, the recovery of ¹⁵N in N_ret was approximately twice that of the Control. In sandy acidic soils, HCA increased the recovery of ¹⁵N in N_ret to levels comparable to those in alkaline soils, while in SOC-rich sandy loam soils, only cellulose caused a slight increase in N_ret. After incubation, up to 41 % of labeled N_min was stabilized in the form of amino acids, with a more pronounced effect when HCA was added. We conclude that labile organic C can promote the conversion of excess N_min into more stable N forms, such as amino acids or peptides, that are able to stabilize N beyond the post-harvest period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117500"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple kit to detect extractable lead concentrations in soil","authors":"Samantha S. Moura ,&nbsp;Daphne van der Molen ,&nbsp;Alexander van Geen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) contamination of soil is often spatially very heterogeneous and therefore difficult to map and remediate. To address the issue, we simplified a previously developed screening method that relies on an acidic glycine solution to extract Pb from soil using a 10:1 solution to soil ratio and the precipitation of purple Pb rhodizonate as a visual indicator to avoid filtration of the extract. The simplified kit consists of a plastic test tube, a soluble gel capsule of glycine hydrochloride crystals, a strip of pH paper, and a commercially available cotton swab impregnated with sodium rhodizonate designed for testing Pb-based paint. The swab turns purple at a concentration in the extract equivalent to a concentration of ∼200 mg/kg Pb in soil. The swab method was evaluated using 201 dried and sieved soil samples from the US and Peru spanning the 100–10,000 mg/kg range in total Pb concentrations. Excluding 14 samples from Peru with an extract pH &gt; 3, the results show a sensitivity and selectivity of 85 % relative to an extractable Pb concentration of 200 mg/kg in the kit extract measured by X-ray fluorescence. The kit extracts about a third of the Pb released from soil using US EPA Method 1340. Depending on the proportion of extractable Pb in a specific soil sample, the kit could therefore help households and communities detect soil contamination from mining, smelting, battery recycling, or flaking paint down to 3 times the recently lowered US EPA screening level of 200 mg/kg for total Pb in soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117503"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower nitrogen leaching from struvite than monoam monium phosphate is more size-dependent than phosphorus leaching","authors":"Andrew J. Margenot ,&nbsp;Patriciaá Leon","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of wastewater-derived struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) as a lower water solubility alternative to highly water-soluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) has been widely hypothesized to reduce fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from soil, which stands to improve water quality. To test this hypothesis, inorganic N and P leaching were quantified using soil columns (Ap horizon of a smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) over 3.67 pore volumes (v_p). We additionally compared estimates of fertilizer N leaching by direct ¹⁵N tracing of ¹⁵N-labeled struvite and MAP, and to account for potential particle size effects also evaluated N leaching for commercial granular (unlabeled; 2.8 mm diameter) versus synthesized (¹⁵N-labeled; 0.3 mm diameter) fertilizer forms. Relative to MAP, struvite exhibited 4-fold lower N leaching and &gt;300-fold lower P leaching from granular fertilizers, but similar N leaching and 10.7-fold lower P leaching from fine-sized fertilizers. Dissolution (%) was 4-fold lower for struvite than MAP regardless of fertilizer particle size. Though normalizing N and P leached to fertilizer dissolution did not alter estimated MAP losses, leaching of P and to a much greater extent N was markedly higher for struvite, particularly fine-sized. Overall, these findings provide strong support for the hypothesized advantage of struvite over highly water-soluble ammonium phosphate fertilizers such as MAP to mitigate leaching of applied N and P when used in granule form. Additionally, we find indirect evidence for incongruent dissolution of struvite that merits further mechanistic evaluation given implications for struvite N versus P fate following application to soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent responses of soil plant-derived and microbial-derived C to phosphorus input in a Chinese fir plantation","authors":"Chenying Wang ,&nbsp;Qiuyue Xu ,&nbsp;Yun Xia ,&nbsp;Song Luo ,&nbsp;Jinsong Wang ,&nbsp;Liuming Yang ,&nbsp;Zhijie Yang ,&nbsp;Yusheng Yang ,&nbsp;Yuexin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived and microbial-derived carbon (C) are key components of soil organic C (SOC), and their responses to phosphorus (P) availability and root-derived C, govern SOC dynamics, thereby influencing SOC fate. However, in P-limited regions, how P input affects SOC and its components and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a P addition experiment (50 kg P ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) in a subtropical Chinese fir (<em>Cunninghamia lanceolata</em>) plantation, incorporating root and mycelium exclusion treatments. We investigated lignin phenols (biomarker for plant-derived C), amino sugars (biomarker for microbial-derived C), soil properties, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activity. We found that 5 −years of P addition significantly decreased lignin phenols. This was due to reduced belowground C allocation and enhanced lignin decomposition (e.g., V- and S-type monomers). In contrast, P addition increased amino sugars by suppressing their enzymatic degradation and promoting conversion of plant-derived C to microbial derived C. In addition, root and hyphal exclusion negated the P-induced lignin decomposition, but did not affect amino sugar accumulation.<!--> <!-->This suggests that plant-derived C is greater sensitivity to P addition and stronger dependence on root-microbe interactions compared to microbial-derived C. These findings indicate that P addition alters SOC sources by reducing plant-derived C and increasing microbial-derived C, potentially enhancing SOC stability. This study elucidated how P availability regulates SOC and its component’s dynamics in P-limited ecosystems, providing mechanistic insights into the effects of P inputs on SOC storage, offering a theoretical basis for regional soil C management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117489"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical imaging reveals phosphorus mobilization patterns in earthworm-engineered drilosphere","authors":"Zhen-Yu Qiang ,&nbsp;Dong-Xing Guan ,&nbsp;Jia-Lu Gao ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Daniel Menezes-Blackburn ,&nbsp;Anna Gunina ,&nbsp;Yvan Capowiez ,&nbsp;Lena Q. Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthworms are soil ecosystem engineers who play a crucial role in phosphorus (P) cycling, encompassing inorganic P desorption and organic P mineralization. Although the role of earthworms in P mobilization is well documented, the spatial distribution of P mobilization processes and critical microbial species within the earthworm-engineered soil microhabitat, known as the drilosphere, remains to be determined. This study investigated P mobilization and redistribution in the drilosphere by <em>ex situ</em> chemical analyses, <em>in situ</em> soil zymography and diffusive gradients in thin-films imaging, and assessment of the microorganism communities. Endogeic earthworm species <em>Metaphire guillelmi</em> was incubated for 30 days in pots filled with soils Fluvisol or Acrisol with different total P contents (0.6 and 1.2 mg kg⁻¹, respectively). Chemical analyses revealed that total P content in earthworm casts increased by 120 % in Fluvisol and 7.7 % in Acrisol. Available P content increased by 8.5 times in Fluvisol and 4.4 times in Acrisol in the drilosphere compared to bulk soil due to elevated acid/alkaline phosphatase activities and intensified Fe/Al-bound P desorption amongst others. Imaging identified co-existing and distinct hotspots for available P and acid phosphatase activity in soils surrounding the burrow walls, with hotspot proportions of 0.1 %‒3.1 % and 5.4 %‒7.5 % of the imaged areas. Earthworm activity increased the abundance of specific bacterial (<em>Aeromonas</em> and <em>Flavobacterium</em>) and fungal (<em>Scedosporium</em> and <em>Podospora</em>) taxa potentially contributing to P mobilization. The correlation between the distribution of metal-bound adsorption sites, phosphatase activity, and diffusion mechanisms contributed to the available P redistribution in the soil. These findings provide insights for developing soil management strategies that harness earthworm-mediated P cycling to optimize nutrient use efficiency and reduce external P inputs in sustainable agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117497"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residence time effects on sorption and desorption mechanisms of phosphate and myo-inositol hexakisphosphate on allophane","authors":"Tsubasa Nakajima ,&nbsp;Keiichi Noguchi ,&nbsp;Yohey Hashimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the molecular-scale mechanisms of phosphate (PO₄) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) interactions with allophane is critical for predicting phosphorus (P) retention in volcanic ash soils. This study investigated the sorption and desorption behavior of PO₄ and IHP on allophane over residence times of 60 days at pH 4 and 6, integrating macroscopic kinetics and isotherms with solid-state ³¹P and ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy. Allophane showed strong sorption affinity for both PO₄ and IHP, with PO₄ sorption increasing markedly at lower pH (from 0.89 mmol g⁻¹ at pH 6 to 1.36 mmol g⁻¹ at pH 4), while IHP sorption was less pH-dependent. Sorption followed a biphasic kinetic pattern: an initial rapid phase driven by ligand exchange, followed by a slower phase involving minor structural reorganization. PO₄ exhibited faster sorption kinetics than IHP, with rate constants nearly four times higher at both pH levels. NMR spectroscopy revealed that both PO₄ and IHP initially formed inner-sphere surface complexes on allophane, rapidly initiating surface precipitation of AlPO₄ and Al-IHP, particularly under acidic conditions, indicating that the surface precipitation processes are initiated durting the early stages of sorption. These surface precipitates became increasingly dominant with longer residence times and coincided with reduced phosphate desorption. These findings highlight the critical roles of residence time and pH in regulating PO₄ and IHP binding mechanisms on allophane, providing molecular-level insights into legacy P dynamics and substantiating allophane’s function as a long-term sink for both inorganic and organic phosphorus in Andisols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation type and aridity modulate the role of soil organic carbon fractions in shaping dryland ecosystem services","authors":"Luna McGill ,&nbsp;Pablo García-Palacios ,&nbsp;Fernando T. Maestre ,&nbsp;Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ,&nbsp;César Plaza","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC) supports multiple ecosystem services in drylands. However, the influence of the two main fractions of SOC −particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC)- on ecosystem services, and whether vegetation type and aridity shape this relationship, remains to be explored in global drylands. Here we used a global database of 251 dryland ecosystems to assess the association of POC and MAOC contents with seven ecosystem services (biomass production, nutrient cycling, pest control, mutualism, C storage, water regulation, and organic matter decomposition). We found positive associations between both SOC fractions and all ecosystem services, except mutualism and pest control, with the strength of these relationships varying across vegetation types. Specifically, POC was positively associated with C storage, water regulation, and organic matter decomposition in forests, with C storage and organic matter decomposition in shrublands, and with biomass production and C storage in grasslands, while MAOC was positively associated with nutrient cycling and C storage in forests and with biomass production and C storage in grasslands. Aridity (1 − mean annual precipitation/mean annual potential evapotranspiration) also shaped the magnitude of these associations, with consistently weaker links under high aridity (&gt; 0.8). Overall, our results highlight that the potential POC and MAOC losses with ongoing aridification threaten not only soil C storage but also the maintenance of other fundamental ecosystem services which rely on both SOC fractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal models for comprehensive prediction of soil quality responses to complex amendments in acidic soil","authors":"Pengshun Wang ,&nbsp;Prakash Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;Qichao Zhu ,&nbsp;Siwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Donghao Xu ,&nbsp;Shuihan Yuan ,&nbsp;Fusuo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil acidification poses a serious threat to sustainable use of arable land. Applying soil amendments are effective measures to counteract the widely occurred soil acidification. However, a method to accurately predict the amendment effects on soil acidification is lacking. In this study, a total of 41 soil culture treatments, covering organic, inorganic, and their combinations, were conducted to compile a comprehensive dataset, which was further used to establish a model to predict the performance of amendments. The random forest (RF) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were adopted to model soil quality changes due to varying amendments application. 30 % percent of the culture treatment dataset and field observations were used to validate the model performance. The results demonstrate that MLR models are less robust in predicting the change in soil indicators, with the R² varying 0.6∼0.82. For some soil indicators, such as exchangeable acid (Ex-Acid), exchangeable calcium and cation exchange capacity (CEC), due to weak adherence to key assumptions such as linearity, homoscedasticity, and normality, which likely impaired their predictive reliability. Such limitations could reduce the model’s fitting accuracy and predictive stability for certain soil properties. The RF model is excellent at reconstructing changes in all soil chemical properties, with R² greater than 0.80. This includes soil pH, Ex-Acid, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium, except for changes in CEC, which rarely changed after amendments application. Validation of model predictions through multi-site field observations further confirmed the robust predictions for multiple types of amendments. In particular, the prediction results of RF for Ex-acid are better than those of MLR. The overall outcomes suggest that RF model demonstrated greater reliability and adaptability, highlighting its practical value for guiding amendment selection in acid soil management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117495"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil health quantification via SMAF and CASH across diverse land uses","authors":"Xucheng Hu ,&nbsp;Manbir K. Rakkar ,&nbsp;Steve W. Lyon ,&nbsp;Kevin S. Armstrong ,&nbsp;Douglas B. Jackson-Smith ,&nbsp;Van R. Haden ,&nbsp;Nicola Lorenz ,&nbsp;Shane D. Whitacre ,&nbsp;James A. Ippolito","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil health quantification helps to visualize soil health conditions across different agroecosystem land use and management practices. However, using different soil health platforms for soil health quantification may lead to varying outcomes. This study quantified soil health via two frequently used soil health frameworks, namely the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) and the Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health (CASH), across eleven sites pertaining to different land use management strategies, including a deciduous (DF) and an evergreen forest (EF), managed pastures including a livestock integrated beef pasture (BP) and a pasture for hay harvesting (DP), and seven crop lands with multiple management practices. Results suggested that managed pasture sites were associated with the best overall soil health scores within both frameworks (BP 0.92 and 81, DP 0.90 and 79, for SMAF and CASH, respectively). Among all crop fields, a certified organic managed site showed the greatest soil health (0.88 and 75 for SMAF and CASH, respectively), primarily due to soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. Most soil health indicators included in SMAF and CASH were sensitive to present land use and management practice differences. However, the result for active carbon (from CASH) was not sensitive to land use, and the findings indicated that β-glucosidase activity (from SMAF) was merely correlated to soil pH. The overall soil health scores generated from these two frameworks were significantly correlated (r = 0.58), and the outcome of both frameworks was driven largely by soil biological indicators (r = 0.87 for both SMAF and CASH, respectively). The overall soil health scores suggested that CASH was more sensitive to land use and management practices compared to SMAF based on a wider spread in overall soil health scores across land uses and management practices in the cultivated fields. The use of forested sites as a potential soil health benchmark for cropped lands was not feasible primarily due to their low soil pH (DF = 5.41 and EF = 4.22) that likely supported different soil biogeochemical process as compared to managed agroecosystems. In contrast, results from this study suggest that managed pastures (BP and DP) are a more promising benchmark for assessing soil health in croplands within this region of the U.S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing GPR detection of salt-accumulated layer in oasis terraced fields by seasonal root zone freezing","authors":"Jienan Xu ,&nbsp;Xicai Pan ,&nbsp;Jiabao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanfang Zhou ,&nbsp;Kwok Pan Chun","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate characterization of salt-accumulated layer (SAL) distribution is crucial for salinity regulation in oasis terraced fields. In salinized soil environments, high salt content leads to signal attenuation and limits the depth of radar wave penetration, which poses significant interpretation challenges. As a result, Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology, widely used and effective in conventional soil surveys, has shown limited applicability under such conditions. This study proposes an innovative approach to enhancing GPR detection of SAL by strategically leveraging seasonal root zone soil freezing phenomena. The influence of the main control factors, namely freezing depth, pre-freezing irrigation, and soil salinity level, on the performance of the methodology was systematically evaluated through numerical simulations and field testing. Results reveal that GPR detection of SAL achieved optimal feasibility when conducted during late winter, when the seasonal freezing depth reaches its maximum. Even better results could be expected when conducting the GPR survey over the land with common pre-freezing irrigation for salinity regulation. Moreover, these enhancements are effective for high salinity soils. Finally, a successful application of GPR to map and diagnose the SAL in an oasis terraced field validated the proposed approach, based on positive correlations with freezing depth and soil salinity level. The outcomes of this study not only broaden the application scope of GPR in soil surveying, but also provide a scientific basis for implementing precision irrigation strategies in salinized soil management, thereby contributing to water conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 117491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}