Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Carbon dioxide exchange and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration along an elevation gradient in an arctic tundra ecosystem","authors":"Wenyi Xu, Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen, Anders Michelsen, Per Lennart Ambus","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117108","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) exchange. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the variations in CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems. Aiming to quantify CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems, we measured ecosystem CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> exchange in the peak growing season along an elevation gradient (9–387 m above sea level, m.a.s.l) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We also performed an <ce:italic>ex-situ</ce:italic> incubation experiment based on soil samples collected along the elevation gradient, to assess the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and soil moisture. There was no apparent temperature gradient along the elevation gradient, with the lowest air and soil temperatures at the second lowest elevation site (83 m). The lowest elevation site exhibited the highest net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) rates, while the other three sites generally showed intercomparable CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> exchange rates. Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences rather than the elevation were the primary drivers for the soil nutrient status and ecosystem CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> exchange. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation, while elevation did not regulate the temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or the moisture sensitivity. Soil total nitrogen, carbon, and ammonium contents were the controls of temperature sensitivity below 0 °C. Overall, our results emphasize the significance of considering elevation and microclimate when predicting the response of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> balance to climate change or upscaling to regional scales, particularly during the growing season. However, outside the growing season, other factors such as soil nutrient dynamics, play a more influential role in driving ecosystem CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> fluxes. To accurately upscale or predict annual CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> fluxes in arctic tundra regions, it is crucial to incorporate elevation-specific microclimate conditions into ecosystem models.","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical protection is more important than chemical functional composition in controlling soil organic carbon retention following long-term land-use change","authors":"Meghan Barnard ,&nbsp;Ram C. Dalal ,&nbsp;Zhe H. Weng ,&nbsp;Steffen A. Schweizer ,&nbsp;Peter M. Kopittke","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms that control soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence is central to soil management and climate change mitigation. In the present study, we utilised a chronosequence of Vertisols which have undergone land use change from native vegetation to cropping for up to 82 y in subtropical Australia. We examined whether the marked changes in SOC concentrations were associated with changes in the physicochemical protection of SOC in aggregate structures (occlusion) and mineral surfaces (adsorption) or with changes in chemical functional composition. Soil samples were fractionated using density and physical fractionation to isolate the free particulate organic matter (fPOM), occluded POM (oPOM) and fine mineral-associated organic matter (fine-MAOM) to assess the impact of land use change on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions with differing degrees of physicochemical protection. The impact of long-term cropping on SOC functional group composition across soil fractions was assessed using synchrotron-based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analyses. We found that although long-term cropping caused a loss of 43 % of bulk SOC after 20 y, this marked loss over time was not associated with a change in C functional group composition. Furthermore, although the SOC retention in the various fractions differed up to 60-fold (fPOM-C decreased by 78 % after cropping for 20<!--> <!-->y, whilst fine-MAOM decreased by 25 %), there were only comparatively minor differences in SOC functional group composition between these fractions. Together, these findings suggest that the differences in C retention between fractions were less related to SOC functional group composition and more related to SOM’s physicochemical protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storage at room temperature is a cost-effective and practical preservation method for dry biocrust microbial communities","authors":"Lu Chen ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Sarah S.A. Alsaif ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Saber ,&nbsp;Shubin Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial communities within biocrusts fulfill important ecological functions, particularly in dryland environments. Identifying the optimal conditions for transporting and storing biocrusts is essential to preserve and accurately analyze their microbial communities. However, the effectiveness of these preservation methods remains poorly understood. In this study, we collected dry biocrusts at different developmental stages (shifting sand, cyanobacteria-dominated, and moss-dominated) from the Qbuqi Desert in northern China. We examined the effects of different storage conditions, i.e. at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and low temperature (4 °C and −80 °C) over one month on the microbial community characteristics, including species composition, abundance and diversity. Our findings demonstrated that microbial community differences among the biocrust developmental stages were maintained even after one month of storage at room temperature. Compared to the control (analyzed immediately after sampling), storing biocrusts at 25 °C and 4 °C did not significantly alter biocrust assemblages, whereas storage at −80 °C increased the estimated gene copy number of <em>Proteobacteria</em> in cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts. Furthermore, our results suggest that biocrust developmental stage and microbial community composition had minimal impact on the effectiveness of different storage methods, though caution should be kept for the prokaryotic communities. Overall, we recommend storing dry-collected biocrusts at room temperature as an effective and economic method for preserving microbial communities, particularly for DNA-based microbial studies from dryland soils with frequent monitoring of biocrust development at remote areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117102"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropic dark soils horizons in western Siberian taiga: origin, soil chemistry and sustainability of organic matter","authors":"Daria S. Derbilova ,&nbsp;Priscia Oliva ,&nbsp;David Sebag ,&nbsp;Sergei Loiko ,&nbsp;Asap Idimeshev ,&nbsp;Eugeniy Barsukov ,&nbsp;Liudmila S. Shirokova ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Braun ,&nbsp;Oleg S. Pokrovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CAZyme family regulates the changes in soil organic carbon composition during vegetation restoration in the Mu Us desert","authors":"Zhouchang Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongqiang He ,&nbsp;Yanrong Li ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Xie ,&nbsp;AHejiang Sailike ,&nbsp;Hongjian Hao ,&nbsp;Xingfang Tian ,&nbsp;Lin Sun ,&nbsp;Yujie Liang ,&nbsp;Rong Fu ,&nbsp;Peizhi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combatting desertification through vegetation restoration holds significant potential for soil carbon sequestration. However, understanding the effects of different restoration types on soil organic carbon component and the role of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) remains limited. This study assessed soils from four distinct vegetation types, namely grassland desert (GD), desert steppe (DS), typical steppe (TS), and artificial forest (AF), in the eastern part of the Mu Us Desert, China, examining physicochemical properties, carbon chemical composition, microbial community composition, and CAZyme gene abundance. Our research findings demonstrated that TS restoration significantly increased the content of various soil organic carbon (SOC) components. Compared to other vegetation types, the proportion of recalcitrant carbon (20–22%) was notably higher and exhibited a strong correlation with lignin and peptidoglycan, as determined by the analysis of CAZyme subfamily composition. GD and DS soils showed enrichment in cellulose and hemicellulose-decomposing CAZymes, leading to higher polysaccharide and aliphatic carbon levels. Significant changes were observed in the methyl carbon component amidst the decomposition of varied organic matter types, correlating strongly with <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Acidobacteria</em> abundances. Our research elucidates the influence of distinct vegetation types on sandy soil carbon sequestration and stabilization, highlighting the crucial function of microbial communities and their CAZyme activities. These insights can guide enhanced land management strategies for improved carbon dynamics in arid ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of recycled water reuse on infiltration and soil structure","authors":"Usama Aldughaishi ,&nbsp;Stephen R. Grattan ,&nbsp;Floyid Nicolas ,&nbsp;Srinivasa Rao Peddinti ,&nbsp;Cassandra Bonfil ,&nbsp;Felix Ogunmokun ,&nbsp;Majdi Abou Najm ,&nbsp;Mallika Nocco ,&nbsp;Isaya Kisekka","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil sodicity, salinity, clay dispersion, and clay soil cracking are significant issues for modern agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) has traditionally been used to estimate potential changes in infiltration rates or hydraulic conductivity when sodium cations dominate irrigation water quality. Recent research indicates that the cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS_f and CROSS_opt) provides better predictive capabilities for soil structure and threshold electrolyte concentration than SAR, especially when water used for irrigation or aquifer recharge contains both potassium and sodium cations. In this study, soil columns filled with clay loam were used to assess the impact of recycled water reuse on soil structure stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Ten treatments were prepared using chloride solutions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and/or magnesium to create a broad range of synthetic recycled water qualities with varying SAR, CROSSf, and CROSS_opt values. After a pre-saturation process, the columns were maintained to have a constant 1 cm head of treatment solutions with a salinity of 1.5 dS/m. The results showed that CROSS_f had a stronger correlation with saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil aggregate stability in comparison to CROSS_opt and SAR. The R² for saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil structure were 0.90 and 0.94 for CROSS_f, 0.41 and 0.60 for CROSS_opt, and 0.75 and 0.78 for SAR, respectively. Notably, the treatments that received solutions with 0-SAR values but contained potassium had significantly more dispersible clay throughout the entire soil column than the treatment that received calcium chloride solution. It was concluded that the CROSS_f model could offer enhanced accuracy and insight into predicting the impact of recycled water reuse for irrigation on soil infiltration rate and soil aggregate stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of saturated water content on estimating soil hydraulic properties from cumulative disc infiltrometer measurements","authors":"D. Moret-Fernández ,&nbsp;F. Lera ,&nbsp;D. Yilmaz ,&nbsp;L. Lassabatere ,&nbsp;J.J. Jiménez ,&nbsp;B. Latorre","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil sorptivity, <em>S</em>, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, <em>K_s</em>, are fundamental soil hydraulic properties that can be estimated from the cumulative infiltration curve measured with a disc infiltrometer. The Haverkamp infiltration model is widely used to estimate <em>S</em> and <em>K_s</em>. This model includes as inputs the constants <em>β</em> and <em>γ</em> and the difference between the initial, <em>θ_i</em>, and final, <em>θ_s</em>, volumetric water contents, <em>Δθ</em>. Since <em>Δθ</em> would be expressive of the possible measurement errors, and assuming <em>β</em>, <em>γ</em>, and <em>θ_i</em> as known values, the first objective of this work is to analyze the influence of <em>θ_s</em> on the optimization of <em>K_s</em> and <em>S</em>. To this end, a sensitivity analysis, which consists of estimating <em>K_s</em> and <em>S</em> for a range of <em>θ_s</em> was applied on synthetic infiltration curves simulated for homogeneous columns of sand and loam soil. Then, and working on real soils under different tillage management, we evaluated different procedures to measure <em>θ_s</em> and analyzed its impact on <em>K_s</em> and <em>S</em> estimation. Four different techniques were compared: the gravimetric-core method and two TDR invasive (3 and 5 cm) and a non-invasive (NiP) probes. All TDR probes were connected to a low-cost NanoVNA. The sensitivity analysis showed that <em>θ_s</em>, <em>K_s</em> and <em>S</em> can be optimized simultaneously from the inverse analysis of an infiltration curve when <em>β</em> and <em>γ</em> are known values and the infiltration curve is near the steady-state zone. However, due to the intrinsic complexities of real soils and the fact that <em>β</em> and <em>γ</em> are unknown variables, we recommended to optimize <em>K_s</em> and <em>S</em> using measured <em>θ_s</em>. The NiP sensor connected to a NanoVNA provided a fast, inexpensive, clean, accurate and robust alternative to measure <em>θ_s</em> at the end of the infiltration experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117089"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining carbon storage of a complex peat stratigraphy using non– and minimal-invasive geophysical prospection techniques (Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valleys, southern Germany)","authors":"Anne Köhler ,&nbsp;Ulrike Werban ,&nbsp;Marco Pohle ,&nbsp;Johannes Rabiger-Völlmer ,&nbsp;Birgit Schneider ,&nbsp;Anneli Wanger-O’Neill ,&nbsp;Stefanie Berg ,&nbsp;Peter Dietrich ,&nbsp;Christoph Zielhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the stratigraphy and carbon storage of the Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valley fills, of the Alpine Foothills in Bavaria, using a combination of electromagnetic induction (EMI), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), direct push electrical conductivity sensing (DP-EC) and drilling cores. We identified three distinct stratigraphic units, with Unit I consisting of gravel deposits, Unit II comprising Holocene peat layers, and Unit III containing redeposited carbonates and overbank deposits.</div><div>The integration of EMI data enhanced spatial resolution, while ERT data provided detailed insights into the thickness and distribution of these units. Correlating EMI-based apparent electrical conductivity values with stratigraphical data enabled the creation of a validated 3D model of sediment thickness. This approach revealed an inverted relief process where non-organic Unit III sediments remain elevated as surrounding organic-rich sediments shrink upon oxidation.</div><div>Additionally, geochemical analyses estimated the Total Carbon (TC) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content for Unit II, totaling 43 kt of TC and 35 kt of TOC across the entire 15-hectare study area. The high carbon storage in peatlands is attributed to the thickness of peat layers and sustained water saturation, preventing degradation. However, potential reductions in groundwater levels could lead to peat decomposition and carbon release.</div><div>This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating EMI, DP-EC and ERT data for stratigraphic analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of spatial sediment stratigraphies and carbon storage in the study area. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to use geophysical prospecting methods not only to characterise surface sediments but also those located deeper in the ground. This allows for the analysis of both intact fen peats in terms of their carbon storage, as well as those that are no longer intact but buried.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying and visualizing soil macroaggregate pore structure and particulate organic matter in a Vertisol under various straw return practices using X-ray computed tomography","authors":"Zichun Guo ,&nbsp;Tianyu Ding ,&nbsp;Yuekai Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Gao ,&nbsp;Xinhua Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure of soil pores plays a crucial role in determining the distribution and retention of particulate organic matter (POM) within soil aggregates, yet the specific effects of different straw return practices on POM stabilization through soil pore structure remain poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify and visualize soil macroaggregates POM distribution and pore structure using advanced X-ray computed tomography (CT) and image processing techniques under three straw return practices: no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS), traditional rotary tillage with straw incorporation (RTS), and deep plowing with straw incorporation (DPS) in a Vertisol. A total of 27 soil aggregates (4–6 mm) from soil depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm were analyzed at an 8-μm resolution. The results showed that NTS significantly increased POM content and surface area density in the 0–10 cm soil layer compared to RTS. In contrast, DPS was most effective in deeper soil layers (20–40 cm), maintaining high POM content and promoting the development of extensive and well-connected pore networks, as evidenced by significantly higher connected porosity and mean breadth density of POM. Additionally, strong positive correlations were observed between POM content, connected porosity, and pore connectivity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate straw return practices to optimize POM retention and enhance soil C storage, particularly in the context of sustainable soil management in Vertisols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of aggregate stability in kaolinitic subsoils using an energy-based, laser diffraction method","authors":"Yaslin N. Gonzalez,&nbsp;Allan R. Bacon,&nbsp;Gabriel Maltais-Landry","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional aggregate stability methodologies, such as wet sieving, rainfall simulation, and chemical dispersion, measure aggregate size, rather than stability. Sonication methods allow for energy-based measurements of aggregate stability, but most methods involve sieving to obtain gravimetric measurements of particle size fractions, which increases labor and variability compared to volumetric measurements by laser diffraction analyses. One criticism of energy-based methods is that ultrasonic devices are calibrated in a closed vessel containing water whereas the application of energy in routine analyses is commonly done in an open system containing soil and water, without considering the effects of soil mass and specific heat on sonication power or the energy lost from the system by conduction and/or other forces in an open system. Using texturally diverse subsoil samples with low carbon and similar clay mineralogy, we quantified 1) the effects of system type (thermodynamically closed versus open systems) and 2) the effect of assuming energy from calibrations in water versus measuring thermal energy in a soil–water system on soil dispersion curves. We found that these factors do not significantly affect soil dispersion curves of coarse- and medium-textured soils; however, fine samples are affected by system type and the method used to quantify energy. Overall, indices produced from soil dispersion curves are highly reproducible in both open and closed systems and correlate with soil physical properties that impact aggregate stability. These indices may streamline future measurements of aggregate stability and facilitate the inclusion of this important soil property in soil assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}