Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Distinct roles of plant and microbial communities in ecosystem multifunctionality during grassland degradation and restoration","authors":"Linna Ma ,&nbsp;Chaoxue Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinchao Feng ,&nbsp;Chunyue Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms of grassland degradation and restoration is critically important for maintaining the health of grasslands, which occupy one-third of the planet’s land surface. Extensive research has focused on the impacts of plant communities on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) during grassland degradation and restoration, but soil microbial communities have been left out. This project investigated the roles of plant and soil microbial communities in regulating EMF across five grassland ecosystems spanning a 3,500 km transect. We quantified EMF based on eight ecosystem functions and assessed its dynamics during seven phases: natural grassland, moderate degradation, heavy degradation, severe degradation, short-term fencing, medium-term fencing, and long-term fencing. Our results showed that during grassland degradation, bacterial diversity declined more slowly than fungal and plant diversity, and EMF decline was primarily driven by reductions in plant diversity and the abundance of perennial forbs. During grassland restoration, the bacterial community recovered much faster than the plant and fungal communities, emerging as the primary driver of EMF recovery. Structural equation modeling identified plant and microbial communities as the most important predictors of EMF, even after accounting for climate and soil properties. Soil bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of dominant bacterial taxa (e.g., <em>Actinobacteria</em>, <em>Proteobacteria</em>, and <em>Verrucomicrobia</em>) were key determinants of EMF recovery. Functional redundancy and resilience of these dominant bacterial taxa enabled consistent EMF recovery across diverse climate conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the distinct roles that soil microbial and plant communities play in driving EMF dynamics during grassland degradation and restoration. Our findings highlight the dominant role of soil bacteria in grassland restoration, suggesting that future management practices should prioritize promoting soil bacterial communities to enhance grassland recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117381"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation framework for the generation of continental bare surface reflectance composites","authors":"Paul Karlshoefer ,&nbsp;Pablo d’Angelo ,&nbsp;Jonas Eberle ,&nbsp;Uta Heiden","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soils play a pivotal role in supporting ecosystems, human health, food security, and climate regulation. Since several years, temporal composites of bare soil reflectances derived from multispectral satellite data are used as input for soil property modeling. Due to the importance of these model inputs, the quality of the surface reflectance composites (SRC) is essential. The quality depends on the precise selection of pixels that are free of green and dry vegetation, cloud contamination and other atmospheric disturbances.</div><div>However, there is a lack of suitable concepts and tools to evaluate the impact of the diverse processing parameters for the generation of SRC, especially for large areas such as continents. This study presents a novel approach to evaluate the process of computing bare SRCs across large geographical areas. It can estimate the theoretical limit achievable with defined processing parameters (spectral indices, thresholds, specific filtering, etc.) and it is also suitable to compare the performance of different SRC concepts from the literature. The performance is derived from the angular spectral distance between reference spectra derived from the LUCAS survey and the SRC spectra. It is demonstrated that a linear combination of two spectral indices complemented with a regional threshold dataset keep the complexity of threshold data sets low while performing well across Europe. The results also show that regionalization is as crucial as the choice of the index itself. The additional outlier removal focusing on clouds and haze marginally improved the SRC at the continental scale but can be very effective for areas with more frequent clouds. The proposed method offers two main advantages. First, it allows for parameter customization tailored to the region of interest, or, at minimum, to areas well represented by the reference data. Second, it facilitates the systematic evaluation of successive adaptations in the SRC generation process, eliminating the labor-intensive and error-prone task of visually comparing images to assess improvements in the SRC final product. The final bare surface reflectance composite for Europe and adjacent regions provids a robust foundation for future large-scale soil and bare surface monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal transformation of fertilizer-derived organic nitrogen fractions in an arable soil and the regulation of maize residue mulching","authors":"Shuhan Dong ,&nbsp;Fangbo Deng ,&nbsp;Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Sicong Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenying Wang ,&nbsp;Wanqi Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongbo He ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic nitrogen (SON) is a major residual fertilizer nitrogen (N) reservoir in soil and affects soil N retention and supply capacity. However, owing to the diverse origins and compositions of SON fractions, the internal transformation of residual fertilizer N associated with specific SON fractions and the influence of maize residue mulching remain unclear. Thus, via the ¹⁵N-labelling technique and SON fraction analysis, we tracked fertilizer N allocation into SON fractions over a 9-year trial, with and without maize residue mulching. Fertilizer N was initially retained more in active hydrolysable N (HN) fractions (24.7–26.6 % of applied N) than in acid insoluble N (NHN) fractions (1.2–1.9 % of applied N), and decreased more rapidly in HN by the 9^th year (5.5–8.7 % of applied N). Therefore, the HN served as a reservoir with residual effects of fertilizer N and both the HN and NHN fractions contributed to long-term N retention in the soil. Among the HN fractions, the high enrichment and rapid release of fertilizer N in hydrolysable ammonium N (HAN) and hydrolysable unknown N (HUN) indicated that HAN and HUN were the two fast turnover pools. However, microbial fractions, such as amino sugar N (ASN) and amino acid N (AAN), were crucial for fertilizer N stabilization. Our study revealed internal cycling among the different hydrolysable SON fractions, and hydrolysable SON fractions primarily achieved functional complementarity through HUN. Maize residue mulching could enhance the specific functions of SON fractions (ASN, AAN, HAN, HUN and NHN) from the perspective of long-term fertilizer N transformation, which eventually improved fertilizer N retention in the soil (from 6.9 % to 9.2–10.9 % of applied fertilizer N). This investigation provides an innovative perspective on N nutrient management through fertilizer N transformation in SON fractions and the response to maize residue mulching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117385"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silage maize grown in a four-crop rotation: Similar soil C4-stocks despite large fertilizer-induced differences in harvest yields","authors":"Azhar Zhartybayeva,&nbsp;Bent T. Christensen,&nbsp;Jørgen Eriksen,&nbsp;Johannes L. Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Belowground crop residues are one primary source of C input in agricultural soils. Using changes in the natural abundance of ¹³C, we quantified SOC derived from harvest residues of silage maize grown in a four-course crop rotation with different mineral fertilizer levels (UNF, ½, 1, and 1½NPK). After a period of two decades with five maize crops, maize-derived C accounted for 1 % (0.36 Mg C ha⁻¹) of the total SOC stock in the 0–20 cm soil layer, irrespective of differences in aboveground harvest yields. This questions yield-dependent allometric functions for silage maize used in models simulating C turnover in agricultural soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117387"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation and effect of contaminants in soil biota following waste stream application in agriculture: A European perspective","authors":"Iris L. Schaap ,&nbsp;Marjolein Derks ,&nbsp;Peter W.G. Groot Koerkamp ,&nbsp;Nico W. van den Brink","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global food system is under significant pressure from challenges like resource depletion, climate change, and population growth, which drive a heightened demand for food production in conflict with unsustainable methods. Circular agriculture aims to mitigate these challenges by minimizing waste. A promising approach involves utilizing waste as biofertilizers, but this raises concerns about the safety of contaminants such as chemicals, plastics, and pathogens present in waste streams. Soil health, vital for agriculture, faces potential risks from these contaminants. This review examines the accumulation and hazards of waste stream contaminants on soil biota, addressing knowledge gaps and advancing strategies for robust risk assessment based on European studies. Findings reveal a notable disparity between emerging contaminants detected in waste streams and their limited presence in soil organisms. Correlations between bioaccumulation and sub-lethal effects across species, contaminants, and waste streams are sparse, reflecting critical gaps in understanding. In particular, behavioural changes in soil organisms, which significantly influence soil functionality and ecosystem processes, remain underexplored. To address these gaps, an ecological perspective that considers the roles of diverse soil species is crucial. Earthworms, with their sensitivity to toxic stress (avoidance behaviour) and ecological functions (bioturbation), are highlighted as essential bioindicators. Evaluating their responses to waste stream applications offers insights into soil toxicity and fertility. By balancing toxic stress with the potential benefits of waste utilization under specific environmental conditions, this approach aims to enhance soil health while supporting sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of large fires in boreal drained peatlands in western Finland: Ecohydrological drivers and carbon and nitrogen loss","authors":"Jukka Turunen ,&nbsp;Sakari Rehell ,&nbsp;Sakari Sarkkola ,&nbsp;Harri Vasander","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change, characterized by more frequent drought periods along with anthropogenic activities, may increase the occurrence and severity of peatland wildfires in the boreal region. This study examines the impact of two large-scale peatland fires in 2020 and 2021 on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics and losses in western Finland. The first site (Muhos, burned peatland area 217 ha) included both drained peatlands and pristine undrained mires, while the second (Susineva, burned peatland area 130 ha) was entirely drained for forestry. Our results reveal the significant impact of high-intensity fires on C and N dynamics and storage in drained peatlands, and in undrained mires with variable water regimes. In well-drained peatlands used for forestry, the average C and N losses during the fire were approximately 5.5 kg C m⁻² and 123 g N m⁻². This estimated C loss exceeds the typical range reported for fire-events in undrained boreal mires. In contrast, the C loss in the undrained or poorly drained area fell within the range observed for undrained mires. The measured fire severity was influenced by drainage intensity and the types of vegetation communities. In undrained mires, the upper aerobic layer, with stable water regime, tends to burn only superficially or may even remain unburnt. However, in shallow mires with a variable water regime, where the surface peat dries extensively during drought periods, the C loss caused by fire was comparable to drained peatlands. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding the ecosystem services provided by peatlands, particularly considering management-related drivers such as drainage and fires. These factors can severely impact the peatland C balance and overall vulnerability, including reduced fire resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon solubilisation from soil minerals and soil by root exudate compounds","authors":"Mirriam C. Chibesa ,&nbsp;Dmytro Monoshyn ,&nbsp;Markus Puschenreiter ,&nbsp;Alireza Golestanifard ,&nbsp;Gerlinde Wieshammer ,&nbsp;Walter W. Wenzel ,&nbsp;Jakob Santner","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic root exudate compounds (ORECs) can enhance mineral dissolution, releasing silicon (Si), but OREC-induced processes of Si solubilisation from different soil Si pools are poorly understood. This study explored the impact of two carboxylates (citrate, oxalate) and a phenolate (catechol) on Si solubilisation from soils and soil minerals. We extracted six different soils, seven primary minerals, and four clay minerals with the three ORECs and NH₄NO₃ as a background electrolyte (control) at a realistic rhizosphere concentration of 5 mmol L⁻¹. The extraction solutions were not buffered to mimic the conditions of real rhizospheres. Silicon extractability from the experimental soils was positively related to clay content, whereas other soil chemical and mineral characteristics showed no obvious relation. The ORECs extracted up to 11 times more Si than the control from primary minerals, clay minerals and soils during 2-hour extraction periods. Citrate consistently increased Si solubility in soils and soil minerals. Catechol mainly increased Si solubilisation from soil minerals, while oxalate had the greatest effect in soils. Overall, the Si solubilisation efficiency of ORECs varied and followed the order citrate &gt; catechol &gt; oxalate for primary minerals, catechol &gt; citrate &gt; oxalate for clay minerals, and oxalate &gt; citrate &gt; catechol for soils. We conclude that ORECs can strongly enhance Si solubilisation from soils and soil minerals at concentrations as low as observed in plant rhizospheres. These OREC-induced mineral weathering processes contribute to Si dynamics in the rhizosphere and facilitate soil formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Measuring in situ soil carbon stocks: A study using a novel handheld VisNIR probe” [Geoderma 453 (2025) 117152]","authors":"Ayush Joshi Gyawali ,&nbsp;Marissa Wiseman ,&nbsp;Jason P. Ackerson ,&nbsp;Sarah Coffman ,&nbsp;Kevin Meissner ,&nbsp;Cristine L.S. Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117377"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking soil moisture dynamics with Vis-NIR spectroscopy during laboratory bare-soil evaporation","authors":"Serra L. Kühn ,&nbsp;Sascha C. Iden ,&nbsp;Friederike Kästner ,&nbsp;Magdalena Sut-Lohmann","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between spectral signal and soil moisture in the laboratory, usually using data from soil samples with predefined moisture levels for model calibration. However, it remains untested whether spectral monitoring can accurately capture the dynamic moisture changes occurring at the soil surface during drying. We conducted evaporation experiments on 5 cm tall packed soil columns of two soil types (sand and silt loam). The surface water content of each soil column was assessed by repeatedly recording spectra in the visible, near infrared, and shortwave infrared domain using an ASD Fieldspec® Pro spectrometer (350–2500 nm). The inferred water contents were then compared to those obtained from a numerical simulation with the Richards equation, which used soil hydraulic properties determined with the simplified evaporation method and measured evaporation rates as boundary condition. To develop the spectral model, samples with defined water contents were independently analyzed with the ASD. Among the three tested spectral models (polynomial linear regression, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR)), the best model performance was achieved by polynomial linear regression. Regarding the transient evaporation experiments, the spectral model led to generally lower surface water contents than those predicted by the Richards equation. While soil moisture estimates for the silt loam closely matched simulated values (mean error = 2.81 vol%), the sandy soil exhibited systematic underestimations (mean error = 7.13 vol%), likely due to factors related to measurement setup and contact probe placement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic matter degradability as a function of forest species, a study based on Py-GC–MS analysis","authors":"Clément Bonnefoy-Claudet ,&nbsp;Joeri Kaal ,&nbsp;Mathieu Thevenot ,&nbsp;Marco Panettieri ,&nbsp;Jean Lévêque ,&nbsp;Olivier Mathieu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant proportion of the global organic carbon reservoir is stored in forest soils, which cover 30 % of continental surfaces. This carbon stock could be affected by ongoing climate change, but also by changes in land use such as forest management. In particular, changes in forest species will alter the quantity and molecular quality of organic matter added to the soil. However, how this will affect the degradability of soil organic matter and, consequently, the potential mineralisation of carbon in forest soils, is poorly understood. In this study, the overall degradability potential of soil organic matter (top 20 cm) was estimated for four forest types: mixed beech, i.e., the potential natural vegetation, and three coniferous species planted at least 50 years ago (spruce, Douglas fir and silver fir). Molecular results obtained using Py-GC–MS show a higher overall degradability potential of organic matter in soils under silver fir compared with soils under Douglas fir, with higher polysaccharide content and lower aliphatic compound content. This is consistent with higher water-extractable soil organic carbon concentration in silver fir samples. Mixed beech stands exhibit intermediate degradability. Pyrolysis-GC–MS revealed a good correlation between degradability potential, based on relative proportions of molecular families, and the level of molecular diversity estimated by the Shannon index. These results suggest that promoting molecular diversity would lead to lower degradability and thus reduced carbon losses through mineralisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"459 ","pages":"Article 117374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}