Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Phytate efficiency as a phosphorus source for wheat varies with soil properties","authors":"Ana Mª García-López,&nbsp;Ramiro Recena,&nbsp;José M. Quintero,&nbsp;Antonio Delgado","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Phytate, the most abundant organic P compound in soils, cannot be used as a P source by plants without first being hydrolyzed. However, the effect of soil properties on its effect as a P source to plants is not yet well understood. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of phytate as a P source for plants depending on soil properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eight soils ranging widely in properties were selected and used in an incubation experiment for 100 days with phytate or soluble inorganic P, both at the same rate of 27 and 80 mg P kg⁻¹; after this incubation period, wheat was grown on these soils.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phytate was as efficient as inorganic P in increasing Olsen P after incubation. This efficiency (i.e. increase in Olsen P to applied P ratio) of phytate decreased with increasing clay and poorly crystalline Fe oxides content in soils. Phytate increased P uptake by plants relative to the non-fertilized control. Phosphorus uptake from phytate and its equivalence with soluble inorganic fertilizer in terms of crop P uptake (MFRV) varied between soils and decreased with increasing clay content. Thus, soil components involved in the sorption of phytate contribute to a decrease in its efficiency as a P source for plants. Phosphorus uptake from phytate and its MFRV increased with increasing phytase activity and Gram + to Gram − bacteria ratios. Thus, the hydrolytic activity and the composition of bacterial communities of soils affects its use as a P source by plants. Therefore, phytate present in organic residues and soils can be a source of P for wheat, whose availability to plants depends on physico-chemical, biochemical, and biological soil properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations on measurement frequency of electromagnetic sensors for soil water content determination","authors":"Wenyi Sheng ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Ni ,&nbsp;Juan D. González-Teruel ,&nbsp;Jinghui Xu ,&nbsp;Scott B. Jones ,&nbsp;David A. Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic (EM) sensors are widely used to measure soil water content for different applications. The dielectric response of soil over the operational frequency of EM sensors in the megahertz to gigahertz range can be affected by a number of factors other than soil water content. It is therefore beneficial to examine the measurement frequency of sensors, for better understanding the sensor output (i.e., permittivity or circuit response), as well as its impact on water content determination. Previous investigations differed in measurement equipment, tested frequencies, and soil variables and hence found inconsistent conclusions regarding various EM sensors. In this paper, we try to provide comprehensive considerations on measurement frequency for EM sensing of soil water content, which could clarify sensor performance, selecting appropriate sensors, and designing new sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil structural indicators as predictors of biological activity under various soil management practices","authors":"Frederic Leuther ,&nbsp;Dorte Fischer ,&nbsp;Naoise Nunan ,&nbsp;Katharina H.E. Meurer ,&nbsp;Anke M. Herrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil structure is a key feature in controlling the turnover of organic matter in soils. The spatial arrangement of solids and pores in agricultural topsoil can be actively influenced by management practices, such as tillage and cropping systems, which in turn can affect the resident microbial communities and their activities. However, carbon mineralisation and microbial activity are usually measured in sieved samples, which provides information on gross potentials under optimal conditions. Under these conditions, the spatial heterogeneities that are specific to different management practices are reduced or totally removed. In this study, we combined X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) and isothermal calorimetry to investigate the effect of soil structure on heat dissipation, as an indicator of biological activity. Samples were collected from the topsoil of a long-term field experiment (12 years) that included four different land uses: conventional <em>vs.</em> reduced tillage, each with either maize or winter wheat as the main crop in the rotation. We compared the response of undisturbed soil cores (3 cm in height, 2.7 cm in diameter) to the addition of water and glucose in specific pore sizes, ranging in radii of 15 to 75 µm or 3 to 75 µm. The pore structure and indicators of particulate organic material were quantified using X-ray CT with a voxel resolution of 15 µm. This allowed us to distinguish between the effects of crop rotation and tillage regime on biological activity, soil structure and the feedback between the two. Heat dissipation correlated significantly with X-ray CT derived porosity, pore surface density and soil matrix grey value, all of which were affected by both tillage regime and crop rotation. Heat dissipation in maize plots after glucose addition to the pore size range with radii of 3 to 75 µm was greater than in the winter wheat systems, but not when added to the pore size range with radii of 15 to 75 µm. The study showed that structural indicators can explain up to 81 % and 95 % of the variance in total heat dissipation after glucose and water addition, respectively, but only 60 % of the heat dynamics, here defined as the time taken for 50 % of total heat to be dissipated. The results emphasise the importance of soil structure in regulating microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and warrants further investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117290"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption/desorption processes dominate the soil P fractions dynamic under long-term N/P addition in a subtropical forest","authors":"Cheng Peng ,&nbsp;Senhao Wang ,&nbsp;Yijing Zhu ,&nbsp;Andi Li ,&nbsp;Guangcan Yu ,&nbsp;Qinggong Mao ,&nbsp;Mianhai Zheng ,&nbsp;Juan Huang ,&nbsp;Xiangping Tan ,&nbsp;Jiangming Mo ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite large phosphorus (P) reserves in subtropical forest soils, P limitation can be exacerbated by elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the mechanisms underlying how soil P fraction transformation affects P availability and the key factors that regulate this process under long-term N and/or P addition remain unclear. In this study, in a subtropical forest subjected to 13 years of continuous simulated N and/or P addition, we investigated the response of soil P fractions by modified Hedley P fractionation to long-term fertilization, and how soil geochemical including absorption or desorption with Fe³⁺, Al³⁺ and biological processes such as mineralization by phosphatase and assimilation by microorganisms regulate P transformation. We found that N addition significantly increased the Moderately Labile P but did not affect the Labile Pi (inorganic P) and Labile Po (organic P) fractions. These changes were primarily regulated by the promoted geochemical processes, such as Fe³⁺ (+57.49 %) and Al³⁺ (+11.20 %) adsorption. However, several soil biological indicators regulating organic and inorganic P transformation, including phosphomonoesterase activity (PME), significantly decreased under long-term N addition. With long-term P addition, Moderately Labile P (contributing to 69 % of the total P increment) was the main destination of the added P, facilitated by the exchange of PO₄^3- with soil organic carbon (SOC) at absorption sites. These findings suggest that soil adsorption/desorption processes dominate the transformation of P fractions in subtropical forests, under both N and P addition. Our findings highlight the importance of P adsorption and desorption processes in highly weathered subtropical forest ecosystems to better understand P transformation mechanisms under global change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regionalized ammonia emission abatement by urease inhibitor treatment of urea for agro-environmental conditions of Western Central Europe","authors":"Julia Schoof ,&nbsp;Roland Fuß ,&nbsp;Sebastian Wulf ,&nbsp;Andreas Pacholski","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urea is the most widely used synthetic fertilizer worldwide, covering 16% of fertilizer consumption in Germany in 2022. It has a notable propensity to release nitrogen (N) in the form of ammonia (NH₃) when applied to soil, contributing to environmental pollution, and indirectly increasing nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. This loss of NH₃ from urea also represents a loss of N for crop production. Consequently, urease inhibitors (UIs) are increasingly applied in agricultural practice to mitigate N losses, and to ensure compliance with regulations recently introduced in some European countries. This development should be reflected in reported emissions at national level. Representative emission and abatement factors are, therefore, required for a precise calculation of NH₃ losses from urea application. While some <em>meta</em>-studies suggest abatement factors on a global scale, their applicability across countries is questionable, due to variable environmental and crop conditions, especially within Europe.</div><div>We conducted an analysis of the current international literature to derive a new emission factor for NH₃ losses after application of urea with UIs for Western Central Europe, that is suitable for integration into the German emission inventory and inventories of other countries with similar cropping conditions. Based on a linear mixed-effects model, we found an abatement factor of 60 %. In contrast to theoretical expectations, environmental factors, such as temperature, soil pH, soil CEC and land use had no significant influence on this abatement effect. Our findings emphasize the need for further comprehensive data sets to refine emission calculations at the national level, reflecting effects of regional weather and cropping conditions on the NH₃ abatement by use of UIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen addition has a minor effect on aridity thresholds for soil nematodes at the global scale","authors":"Yifei Peng ,&nbsp;Ruibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinsong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil nematodes are regulated by soil moisture, with a global aridity threshold identified for total nematode diversity. Nitrogen (N) deposition also influences soil nematodes, but its effect on their aridity threshold remains unclear. Here, we synthesized 403 paired observations from 101 global N addition studies to investigate how N enrichment regulates nematode abundance and diversity along the aridity gradient. We identified aridity thresholds for both nematode abundance, diversity, and ecological indices (e.g., maturity index, plant parasitic index, structure index, enrichment index, and channel index). Specifically, the abundance of total, plant-feeding, and omnivorous-predatory nematodes exhibited a threshold at an aridity index (AI) of 0.27, while bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes had thresholds at AI values of 0.22 and 0.26, respectively. N addition raised the aridity thresholds for the abundance of bacterial-feeding, plant-feeding, and omnivorous-predatory nematodes, as well as Shannon diversity and maturity index, but lowered the aridity threshold for the channel index. We also analyzed the effects of N addition on the nematode community both below and above aridity thresholds. N addition decreased bacterial-feeding and omnivorous-predatory nematode abundance beyond their respective thresholds. It consistently reduced Shannon diversity and richness, both below and above aridity thresholds, and lowered the structure index above the thresholds. While N addition did not change the plant parasitic index overall, it significantly decreased this index beyond aridity thresholds. These findings suggest that N addition does not alter the aridity threshold for total nematode abundance, but it modifies the threshold response of different trophic groups, highlighting their differential sensitivities to aridity in the context of future N deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating satellite radar vegetation indices and environmental descriptors with visible-infrared soil spectroscopy improved organic carbon prediction in soils of semi-arid Brazil","authors":"Erli Pinto dos Santos ,&nbsp;Michel Castro Moreira ,&nbsp;Elpídio Inácio Fernandes-Filho ,&nbsp;José A.M. Demattê ,&nbsp;Uemeson José dos Santos ,&nbsp;Jean Michel Moura-Bueno ,&nbsp;Renata Ranielly Pedroza Cruz ,&nbsp;Demetrius David da Silva ,&nbsp;Everardo Valadares de Sá Barreto Sampaio","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is a paramount soil attribute for climate regulation, soil fertility, and agricultural productivity. The global demand for SOC testing came in response to expanding soil management practices aimed at ensuring soil health. This study explores enhanced accuracy in predicting SOC using soil spectroscopy (proximal sensing). A Soil Spectral Library (SSL), made from 127 soil profiles in Northeast Brazil, mainly by using soils from a semi-arid region, was used. Four modeling scenarios were employed, incorporating distinct covariable sets: 1) diffuse reflectance from laboratory spectroscopy (SSL); 2) diffuse reflectance and radar vegetation indices from all-weather and globally available Sentinel-1 satellite data; 3) diffuse reflectance and environmental factors; 4) all covariables. Integration of radar vegetation indices and environmental factors significantly improved SOC estimates by soil spectroscopy. Predicting SOC solely from SSL reflectance data yielded an average RMSE of 4.54 g kg⁻¹ and R² of 0.62. However, by using all covariables significantly reduced RMSE by approximately 13 % (to 3.94 g kg⁻¹) and increased R² by 14 % (to 0.71). This comprehensive approach, combining SSL, satellite radar vegetation indices, and environmental variables, substantially advances SOC spectroscopic prediction accuracy, offering valuable insights for applications in agriculture and environmental monitoring. These findings contribute to the reliability of proximal and remote sensing methodologies in soil testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant litter decomposition is regulated by its phosphorus content in the short term and soil enzymes in the long term","authors":"Xiu Liu ,&nbsp;Congyue Tou ,&nbsp;Jingjie Zhou ,&nbsp;Ji Chen ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Wanek ,&nbsp;David R. Chadwick ,&nbsp;Davey L. Jones ,&nbsp;Lianghuan Wu ,&nbsp;Qingxu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant litter decomposition plays a vital role in soil carbon (C) cycling and nutrient release, significantly influencing agricultural resource utilization and soil fertility management. Litter quality—defined by its C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents, as well as C:N:P stoichiometry—is a key factor regulating its decomposition. However, the influence of litter C:P ratios on plant litter decomposition, particularly in relation to changes in soil C:N:P stoichiometry, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities, remains unclear, especially in agroecosystems. In this study, the effects of litter C:P ratios on its decomposition were investigated using ¹³C-labeled plant litter with naturally occurring gradients of C:P ratios (ranging from 377 to 1,288) in an 84-day incubation experiment. After 84 days, cumulative ¹³CO₂ emissions derived from litter accounted for approximately 50 % of total CO₂ emissions. Litter with higher P content increased ¹³CO₂ emissions, whereas higher litter C:P ratios suppressed emissions, indicating that litter with lower C:P ratios decomposed more rapidly in the short-term (14 days). In contrast, elevated soil exoenzymatic C:P and N:P ratios stimulated ¹³CO₂ emissions during long-term decomposition (84 days). These findings suggest that litter P content primarily regulates short-term decomposition, while soil enzyme activity plays a key role in long-term decomposition. Overall, this study highlights the pivotal role of P limitation in litter decomposition, particularly in the early stages, and underscores the potential benefits of P fertilization in enhancing decomposition rates, thereby improving resource efficiency and soil fertility in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117283"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planting of nitrogen-fixing shrubs promote soil carbon sequestration by increasing mineral-associated organic fraction","authors":"Nan Huang ,&nbsp;Han Yi He ,&nbsp;Rong Fan ,&nbsp;Xin Ying Li ,&nbsp;Chang Ming Zhao ,&nbsp;Jin Hua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen-fixing shrubs have been planted worldwidely due to their excellent performances in soil improvement and economic benefits. However, their role and mechanisms on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration are unclear. In this paper, a field experiment in plantations of <em>Caragana korshinskii</em> and <em>meta</em>-analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of planting nitrogen-fixing shrubs on SOC accumulation globally, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Field experiment demonstrated that planting of <em>C. korshinskii</em> enhanced mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) concentration and proportion, particularly in the subsoil. This was due to the nitrogen increase-induced microbial growth and accumulation of microbial necromass. The role of microorganisms in SOC fractions in soil profiles was different. Bacterial community structure affected degradation degree of lignin phenols while fungal and bacterial community co-regulated microbial necromass carbon and thus increased MAOC in topsoil. In subsoil, fungal community increased microbial necromass carbon and thus promoted MAOC whereas the role of bacteria was minimal. Results from <em>meta</em>-analysis confirmed that nitrogen-fixing plantations effectively promoted SOC sequestration by increasing the content and proportion of MAOC along stand age. The increase in SOC was mainly ascribed to the nitrogen-fixing shrubs-induced increases in nitrogen availability and microbial growth along stand age. In addition, the globally average proportions of MAOC were 64.7% and 80.5% in topsoil and subsoil respectively, whereas the predicted maximums were about 87.7% and 92.4% accordingly. In all, planting of nitrogen-fixing shrubs was a great way to promote SOC content and stability by increasing mineral-associated organic fraction in afforestation for carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117282"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant advances in plant-available and replenishable macro- and micronutrients with soil health-oriented conservation farming: Novel insights from a multi-site on-farm evaluation","authors":"Christoph Rosinger ,&nbsp;Katharina Maria Keiblinger ,&nbsp;Luca Giuliano Bernardini ,&nbsp;Dietmar Horn ,&nbsp;Gereon Heller ,&nbsp;Herbert Eigner ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Kaul ,&nbsp;Sabine Huber ,&nbsp;Orracha Sae-Tun ,&nbsp;Gernot Bodner","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While conservation farming practices are known to increase soil health and ecosystem functioning, little is known about their effect on nutrient availability. In this study, we conducted an on-farm evaluation of conservation farming advances in plant-available and replenishable macro- and micronutrients.</div><div>Therefore, three different management systems (conventional farming, conservation farming, and an adjacent field margin as reference system) at 21 sites were sampled at three soil depths (0–5, 5–20 and 20–35 cm), and plant-available and replenishable nutrients were extracted by electro-ultrafiltration and subsequently measured by absorption and emission spectrophotometry.</div><div>Conservation farming systems significantly increased both plant-available and replenishable nutrient fractions as compared to conventional farming systems. In particular, both fractions of N_org, P, S and K were strongly elevated through conservation farming; plant-available S contents in the conservation farming system were even higher than in adjacent field margins. Using multiple linear regression analyses, we could further show that microbial necromass is significantly positively linked to both plant-available and replenishable N, N_org, P and S contents, suggesting that this agriculturally manageable microbial fraction is highly important for nutrient availability and replenishment. Moreover, soil pH, cation exchange capacity and soil organic carbon contents strongly influence plant-available and replenishable cations such as N, P, Ca, Mg or B.</div><div>Through a more targeted fertilization management (as in the case of S and B) and significant soil health advances (i.e., higher soil organic matter contents, better soil structure), conservation farming systems provide a solid foundation to ensure long-term, sustainable crop production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 117275"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}