Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Fast-decaying tree litter reduces the temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition by increasing microbial necromass carbon","authors":"Ruihan Li,&nbsp;Chuankuan Wang,&nbsp;Chunhua Lv,&nbsp;Tao Zhou,&nbsp;Shuang Yin,&nbsp;Zhenghu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improvements in stocks and stability of forest soil organic carbon can be achieved through the management of tree species. Given the long lifespan of trees and their role as the keystone species in forested ecosystems, decisions regarding tree species management can have a significant impact on soil carbon balance, with effects that may persist for decades. Here, a common garden experiment involving five temperate tree species in northeast China was conducted to quantify the influence of tree species on soil carbon dynamics, including its fractions (mineral-associated organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and microbial necromass carbon), microbial properties (biomass and activities), and the temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition (<em>Q</em>₁₀). We observed that the decomposition of high-quality litter by soil microbes resulted in increased microbial biomass but decreased microbial biomass-specific enzyme activities and respiration. Although there was no significant difference in soil carbon among tree species, the sources of soil carbon varied among species. Specifically, tree species producing high-quality litter contributed to elevated microbial and fungal necromass carbon. Microbial necromass carbon was positively correlated with soil mineral-associated organic carbon, although tree species had no significant effect on mineral-associated organic carbon. The <em>Q</em>₁₀ increased with longer litter turnover time, as well as with higher microbial biomass-specific oxidase activity and respiration, but decreased with greater litterfall production, microbial biomass, and microbial necromass carbon. Overall, our findings indicate that fast-decaying tree litter increases soil microbial necromass carbon and decreases <em>Q</em>₁₀. This is the first study to establish a connection between <em>Q</em>₁₀ with microbial necromass carbon using experimental data. Moreover, the tree species-specific origins of soil carbon and their influence on <em>Q</em>₁₀ should be considered when managing forests as carbon sinks in the context of future global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use intensity differently influences soil communities across a range of arable fields and grasslands","authors":"Chenguang Gao ,&nbsp;Johanna E.M. Schild ,&nbsp;Gabriel Y.K. Moinet ,&nbsp;T. Martijn Bezemer ,&nbsp;Franciska T. de Vries ,&nbsp;Jan Hassink ,&nbsp;Nick van Eekeren ,&nbsp;Kevin Beentjes ,&nbsp;Peter M. van Bodegom","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While there is an emerging body of research showing the consequences of land use intensity on soil biodiversity, most studies focus on biodiversity responses to a single or a limited number of agricultural practices in controlled settings or at a single field site, neglecting that multiple practices are simultaneously applied by farmers in real agroecosystems. The combined effects of various agricultural practices have, until now, been largely overlooked in agroecosystems.</div><div>Here, we conducted a field soil sampling campaign on 87 farms with two land use types (39 arable fields and 48 grasslands) to investigate the relationship between land use intensity, determined by various agricultural practices, and multiple soil communities (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) at regional scales.</div><div>We found that land use intensity influenced the diversity and community composition of various soil taxa differently, and these impacts strongly depended on land use type. Soil fungi were most susceptible to land use intensity in both arable fields and grasslands. Specifically, irrigation and pest control were the main practices shaping soil communities in arable fields, while phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization were the main practices structuring soil communities in grasslands. Furthermore, an increase in land use intensity led to greater soil network complexity in arable fields.</div><div>Our findings reveal regional on-farm patterns of land use intensity effects on various soil communities and identified key agricultural practices that structure soil communities. A key strength of this study is that these patterns can be generalized because the samples were collected from 87 farmlands where multiple agricultural practices were implemented simultaneously. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive perspective on the different responses of multiple soil communities and their associations to land use intensity in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of soil salinity by biochar and halophytes","authors":"Qiang Xu ,&nbsp;Yibin Xu ,&nbsp;Hanji Xia ,&nbsp;Han Han ,&nbsp;Mingsi Li ,&nbsp;Ping Gong ,&nbsp;Chunxia Wang ,&nbsp;Yufang Li ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Hongguang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar is widely recognized as a significant agricultural management practice globally. Nevertheless, its application typically emphasizes incorporation into topsoil, while the potential benefits of biochar interlayers in ameliorating saline wastelands in arid regions remain insufficiently understood. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of biochar interlayers on the dynamics and distribution of water and salt in saline wasteland soils cultivated with <em>Suaeda salsa</em> (<em>S. salsa</em>) during growth and non-growth periods. Over three consecutive years, a field experiment was implemented with four biochar application rates: 0 Mg/ha (CK), 15 Mg/ha (M1), 45 Mg/ha (M2), and 75 Mg/ha (M3). The biochar was uniformly distributed at a depth of 40 cm, and the original soil from the 0–40 cm layer was refilled. The results demonstrate that biochar interlayers reduced groundwater evaporation and minimized surface salt accumulation during the non-growth period, leading to a reduction in soil salinity by 13.14 %–49.62 % in the 0–40 cm layer, with a bimodal salinity distribution pattern observed at 0 cm and 45 cm depths. During the growth period, biochar significantly enhanced water retention and reduced salinity. Water content increased by 0.14 %–18.92 %, and salt content decreased by 24.51 %–36.64 % within the 0–40 cm soil layer, with salt aggregating at 40–60 cm depths. The root system of <em>S. salsa</em> utilized water and salt from the biochar interlayer, resulting in a marked increase in salt content within plant organs. Concentrations of Na⁺, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻ decreased, while K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ levels increased in these organs. The yield of <em>S. salsa</em> improved by 22.12 %–65.92 %, and salt absorption efficiency rose by 30.62 %–85.03 %. However, excessive biochar applications may hinder surface soil desalination and pose risks of secondary salinization. Thus, a moderate biochar application rate of 45 Mg/ha is recommended for effective water retention and salt suppression in saline wastelands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permafrost pore structure and its influence on microbial diversity: Insights from X-ray computed tomography","authors":"Nathan D. Blais ,&nbsp;Joy M. O’Brien ,&nbsp;Hannah Holland-Moritz ,&nbsp;Lauren Farnsworth ,&nbsp;Robyn A. Barbato ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Douglas ,&nbsp;Alexandra Contosta ,&nbsp;Julie Bobyock ,&nbsp;Erin C. Rooney ,&nbsp;Taylor Sullivan ,&nbsp;Jessica Gilman Ernakovich","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil pore structure plays a critical role in shaping soil microbial communities, which directly influence biogeochemical cycling. A notable impact of soil pore structure on microbial communities is the inverse relationship between microbial diversity and hydrological pore connectivity, where increased hydrological pore connectivity reduces microbial diversity. Although well-studied in temperate systems, the importance of hydrological pore connectivity on soil microbial community diversity in permafrost soils is largely unknown. Although once thought to be devoid of microbial activity, more recent advances demonstrate permafrost is an active ecosystem albeit less than most unfrozen soil. Thus, these principles that govern unfrozen soils could remain impactful in permafrost. In this study, our objective was to quantify permafrost pore structure and determine if the inverse relationship between soil hydrological pore connectivity and microbial diversity persists in permafrost. To address these objectives, we analyzed eight permafrost cores from three distinct sites in Alaska. To quantify soil pore characteristics, we scanned intact permafrost using X-ray computed tomography. The Euler characteristic number was used to measure pore connectivity and serve as a proxy for potential hydrological connectivity, as direct measurement of hydrological connectivity was not possible. DNA and RNA were extracted from the scanned permafrost and analyzed via amplicon sequencing of the 16S region to quantify the total and active microbial community diversity. We found that permafrost soil shares characteristics with temperate soils despite limits in our analytical resolution (i.e., at an instrument scanning resolution of 20 µm, only macro-scale features (&gt;75 µm) could be quantified). For example, we found that pores in the range of 75–1000 µm are the dominant pore size class and a positive relationship between total porosity and pore connectivity. Additionally, we identified pore connectivity as a potential driver of microbial diversity and provided evidence that conditions before the formation of permafrost exert a strong legacy effect on currently observed permafrost microbial diversity. These insights help to explain how soil physical structure acts to influence microbial communities in this extreme environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143315819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-based soil extractions capture more amino acids that are lost during short-term storage","authors":"Scott Buckley,&nbsp;Sandra Jämtgård","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous soil extraction is a commonly used method to extract nitrogen (N) from soil. However, the disturbance of collection, transportation, and storage before extraction can potentially lead to mineralisation of extractable organic N pools, and as such may bias our interpretations of plant-available N towards inorganic N. Although disturbance through soil collection cannot be avoided, we evaluated the impact of short-term soil storage on water-extractable N pools, by extracting soils samples immediately after removal in the field, and again after overnight storage and extraction in the laboratory 24 h later. We chose five boreal forest soil sites within the Svartberget Research Area (northern Sweden). Soils were sampled across three seasonal time-points from June to September. We found that when measurements across all sites and time points were pooled, field-based extractions had significantly greater amino acid concentrations than lab-based extractions, contributing to greater soluble N concentrations (field extractions: 0.77 ± 0.07 µmol N/g soil DW; lab extractions: 0.17 ± 0.03 µmol N/g soil DW). Seasonal and site variation of amino acid concentrations was also much larger when soils were extracted in the field. Within sites, ammonium was often slightly elevated in lab-based extractions, but not to the same magnitude as reductions in amino acid concentrations, which we interpret as an overall N immobilisation effect during storage, likely through a combined effect of microbial utilisation of amino acids, and adsorption to the soil mineral phase. We found that negatively-charged and polar amino acid concentrations were most affected by storage – but the magnitude of loss of most amino acids was generally similar. Hydrolytic enzyme activity was correlated with total protein concentrations across all sites, this association was strongest in June, but was correlated equally with both lab and field extractions. In contrast, enzyme activity was not well associated with amino acids, regardless of extraction type, indicating that hydrolytic enzyme activity does not fully explain our observations of amino acids concentrations. We conclude that field extractions are a cheap and efficient way to capture higher resolution within organic N profiles of boreal soils during sampling, unmasking information that might be lost during storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straw return combined with water-saving irrigation increases microbial necromass accumulation by accelerating microbial growth-turnover in Mollisols of paddy fields","authors":"Peng Chen ,&nbsp;Junzeng Xu ,&nbsp;Kechun Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongxue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yawei Li ,&nbsp;Tiecheng Li ,&nbsp;Tangzhe Nie ,&nbsp;Qi Wei ,&nbsp;Linxian Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microorganisms are key to the flow of carbon through soils. As the most carbon-rich soils, Mollisols are very sensitive to disturbance and more prone to be carbon sources than carbon sinks. To understand how the microbial physiology [<em>i.e.,</em> microbial growth, respiration, carbon use efficiency (CUE) and biomass turnover] of Mollisols responds to different management protocols, and to evaluate their carbon sequestration potential, we examined microbial anabolism, catabolism and necromass accumulation in Mollisols paddy fields under four treatments: (<em>i</em>) controlled irrigation + rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) straw removal (CI), (<em>ii</em>) flooded irrigation + rice straw removal (FI), (<em>iii</em>) controlled irrigation + rice straw return (CI-SR), and (<em>iv</em>) flooded irrigation + rice straw return (FI-SR). Microbial physiology was determined by a substrate-independent H₂¹⁸O labeling method. Microbial necromass accumulation was quantified by the biomarker analysis of amino sugars. Water-saving irrigation increased microbial CUE and accelerated microbial growth and turnover. Moreover, by providing sufficient substrate, straw return further accelerated microbial growth, while promoted microbial respiration. The rise of microbial respiration under straw return was proportionally less than that of microbial growth. The accelerated production or turnover of microbial biomass was expected to increase microbial biomass and necromass. Straw return significantly increased the microbial biomass and necromass, especially under the controlled irrigation. Compared with the other treatments, the greatest increase in soil microbial necromass C (21.24–39.26 %) and microbial biomass C (8.65–26.09 %) occurred under CI-SR. Despite this treatment enhancing microbial respiration, strong positive correlations were found between soil organic carbon (SOC) content and both microbial growth rate and necromass accumulation. The CI-SR treatment strengthened microbial roles in Mollisols paddy fields by enhancing the net flux of microbial biomass formation, and consequently promoting the incorporation of greater amounts of microbial-derived C in the SOC pool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel potential outlier recognition approach considering local heterogeneity enhancement to improve the quality of soil datasets","authors":"Yongji Wang ,&nbsp;Mingjun Yang ,&nbsp;Meizi Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayang Lv ,&nbsp;Shuhao Yuan ,&nbsp;Shaoqi Li ,&nbsp;Zihan Wang ,&nbsp;Jipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingwen Qi ,&nbsp;Yanjun Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil datasets, including soil sample data and soil map products, often contain outliers that can lead to inaccurate modeling and analysis of various soil-related issues. Existing methods for identifying potential outliers in soil datasets rely on simple statistical approaches and tend to overlook the geographical characteristics of the soil. Local indicators of spatial association (LISA) can address this limitation by examining the local spatial structures inherent in soil data. However, distinguishing some outliers remains challenging because of the varying levels of heterogeneity across different soil regions. In this paper, we present a novel method for recognizing potential outliers through local heterogeneity enhancement, which is aimed at improving the quality of soil datasets. In this method, stratified soil variations are first balanced to mitigate the effects of spatial discrepancies in different soil regions. Second, local heterogeneity enhancement is conducted to modify the outlier scores associated with abnormal soils exhibiting low heterogeneity. Third, a frequency histogram of outlier scores is applied to determine a suitable threshold at which to recognize potential abnormal values in soil datasets. To validate the proposed method, it was compared with the LISA and box-plot methods. Simulation data and soil data were adopted in the experiment, incorporating two types of irregular points and spatially continuous surfaces. The comparative experiments demonstrated that the proposed method more effectively identifies potential outliers by analyzing and balancing the local spatial structure of the soil than traditional methods do. It can be concluded that local heterogeneity enhancement is beneficial for recognizing potential outliers in soil datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations and controlling factors of soil CO2 release at daytime and nighttime scales in the loess hilly regions of China","authors":"Yarong Sun ,&nbsp;Senbao Lu ,&nbsp;Yunming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) release is a critical ecosystem process affecting regional and global carbon cycles. Currently, one of the key uncertainties in projecting carbon-climate feedback is the ongoing poor representation of the deep and nighttime soil CO₂ release. Using CO₂ probes at hourly intervals in the <em>Robinia. pseudoacacia</em> plantation in the loess hilly regions of China, this study explored the relationship of soil respiration between daytime and nighttime and the discrepancy in the influence of climate, vegetation, and soil properties on soil respiration at the 0–10, 10–50, and 50–100 cm soil depth. We estimated that the cumulative CO₂ release at 0–100 cm soil depth reached 688.6 g·m⁻²·year⁻¹, including a 29.1 % relative contribution from the 10–100 cm soil depths. This outcome showed the necessity for accurate quantification of deep soil CO₂ release. We also revealed that the cumulative CO₂ release was similar between daytime and nighttime throughout four seasons at the 0–100 cm soil depths. This result demonstrated that soil CO₂ release can be predicted based on daytime measurements. Soil temperature &lt; 0℃ was not identified as a primary driver, which only explained 1 %–4% of the variation in soil respiration. Meanwhile, the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration decreased by 1.3–1.8 times when soil temperatures were &lt; 0°C compared to when soil temperatures were &gt; 0°C. Thus, using the correlation model based on soil temperature to predict soil respiration might introduce slight inaccuracies in outcomes when soil temperatures are &lt; 0°C. Soil respiration is intimately associated with soil temperature, soil organic carbon content, root biomass, and leaf carbon content; the cumulative contributions of climate, vegetation, and soil properties to soil respiration were 12 %–18 %, 18 %–30 %, and 41 %–50 % during daytime and 12 %–25 % 24 %–28 %, and 40 %–46 % during nighttime at soil depths of 0–10, 10–50, 50–100 cm. Additionally, Structural Equation Modelling implied that soil moisture and temperature directly affected soil respiration during the daytime, and air temperature and relative humidity acted as indirect factors during the nighttime. Clarifying the cumulative soil CO₂ release relationship between the daytime and nighttime could help predict the soil C cycle with high precision within various climates in forest ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117167"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable rate precision application of feedlot cattle manure mitigates soil greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Ryan D. Hangs,&nbsp;Jeff J. Schoenau,&nbsp;J.Diane Knight,&nbsp;Richard E. Farrell","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid cattle manure amendments provide a low-cost alternative nutrient source to inorganic fertilizers, while providing a carbon input to the soil. The augmented soil organic carbon levels, however, may be largely offset by manure-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Soil nitrous oxide (N₂O), methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were measured at the landscape-scale in a Canadian prairie agricultural field supporting silage barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> L.) production. Manure was applied to meet barley P requirements, while total N rate was supplemented using anhydrous ammonia. A non-manured control (NMC) also was included, to calculate N₂O emission factors. The NMC zone consisted of an annual application of anhydrous ammonia at 80 kg N ha⁻¹. In addition to solid cattle manure at a constant (CRM; 45 Mg ha⁻¹) or variable (VRM; 0–72 Mg ha⁻¹) rate, the manured treatment zones also received 80 kg N ha⁻¹ of anhydrous ammonia. The VRM treatment included set-backs from the watershed basin centers in ephemeral wetlands that did not receive solid cattle manure. Gas samples were collected using chamber-based methodology, with chambers installed at 130 locations across six watershed basins (n = 2 per zone) during 2019–2021. Cumulative N₂O emissions were 76 % (CRM) and 62 % (VRM) higher following manure addition. The normalized N₂O emissions for CRM were 24 % greater than VRM and NMC, with CRM having 31 % larger manure-induced N₂O emissions than VRM. Though all soils were net CH₄ sinks, manure application reduced CH₄ consumption by 33 % (CRM) and 25 % (VRM) compared with the NMC. Manure addition did not impact cumulative CO₂ emissions. Although VRM application mitigated manure-related GHG emissions, enhanced GHG intensity following manure addition highlights the importance of ensuring balanced soil fertility, to support optimal crop growth and maximize yield-scaled GHG performance metrics in manured landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tillage and residue management modulate the links between soil physical signatures and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomarkers","authors":"Stamatios Thomopoulos ,&nbsp;Lars Juhl Munkholm ,&nbsp;Lars Elsgaard ,&nbsp;Sabine Ravnskov","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation practices such as direct sowing and residue incorporation are crucial for enhancing soil health. This study investigated the long-term effects of different tillage practices and crop residue management on soil biological and physical health indices to elucidate their interconnections. The impact of tillage intensity (direct sowing, harrowing, moldboard ploughing) was assessed in combination with residue management (retention or removal) across two soil depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) and two experimental sites. Measurements included three soil biological indicators—two fatty-acid biomarkers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE) − as well as two soil physical indices (water-stable aggregates (WSA), and clay dispersibility), five soil pore characteristics (air permeability, gas diffusivity, tortuosity, total porosity, air-filled porosity, and volumetric water content) and soil organic carbon (SOC). Conservation agriculture practices increased the presence of AMF, while the importance of considering soil depth in AMF biomass measurements was underscored. Harrowing and direct sowing treatments resulted in a vertical stratification of SOC. Residue retention increased SOC levels by 5 % and 15 % at the two sites and only significantly at the latter. Minimal soil disturbance enhanced wet aggregate stability by 14 % on average but negatively affected pore characteristics. AMF played a critical role in soil aggregate stability, evidenced by a strong correlation (r = 0.68 and r = 0.86 in the two sites) between hyphal networks and WSA. The study also demonstrated that direct sowing strengthened the relationship between EE and AMF (r = 0.52 and r = 0.64 for the two sites). In minimally disturbed soils, AMF contributed to a complex pore structure, with this effect being more closely related to EE than to the hyphal network. These findings underscore the significant role of AMF in maintaining soil health under various tillage practices and residue management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 117204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}