American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Performance Evaluation of an Installed On-Grid Photovoltaic System at Bamako 巴马科已安装并网光伏系统的性能评估
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.11648/j.epes.20231201.12
Bakamba dite Djeneba Sacko, S. Sanogo, Abdramane Ba
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of an Installed On-Grid Photovoltaic System at Bamako","authors":"Bakamba dite Djeneba Sacko, S. Sanogo, Abdramane Ba","doi":"10.11648/j.epes.20231201.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20231201.12","url":null,"abstract":": The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the performance of an installed on-grid photovoltaic 100 kW system installed on the roof of a building at the Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako. The system under consideration is part of a pilot project of a grid-connected system in Mali by the Renewable Energies Agency (AER). The PV system is located at 12.62°N latitude and -7.99°W longitude. It is composed of 313 monocrystalline modules of 320W for an installed power of approximately 101kWp and they are fixed on support inclined at 6 degrees orientated East-West. The system was monitored from March 2020 to February 2021. Within this period, the photovoltaic system supplied 114801.57 kWh to the grid with the final yield varying between 2.41 to 4.09 kWh/kWp/day. Additionally, the ratio of performance in this one year ranged from 53% to 89%. The annual capacity factor and efficiency are 13% and 10%, respectively. The main roots of this bad performance of the system are analyzed. The system performance is significantly affected by the soiling effects which are in other words attributed to meteorological and environmental parameters mainly dust accumulation and ambient temperature, as well as, factors like inclination (low tilt angle (6°)), the east and west orientation of the panels and finally lack of cleaning frequencies.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117197034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrical Power Transformer Damage on the Power Grid in Benin: Causes, Consequences and Solution Approaches 贝宁电网电力变压器损坏:原因、后果及解决途径
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.11648/j.epes.20231201.11
Oswald Gbètondji Acclassato, Mathias Adjimon Houékpohéha, Basile Bruno Kounouhéwa
{"title":"Electrical Power Transformer Damage on the Power Grid in Benin: Causes, Consequences and Solution Approaches","authors":"Oswald Gbètondji Acclassato, Mathias Adjimon Houékpohéha, Basile Bruno Kounouhéwa","doi":"10.11648/j.epes.20231201.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20231201.11","url":null,"abstract":": The transformer exploits the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction of wound conductors. One of its important properties is that it can act as an impedance matcher. Faults on the electrical network often affect the grounding resistances of power transformers and eventually damage them. Benin's electricity network, like those of other countries in the world, is frequently tested by electrical transformer damage. Through this work, from the static data obtained from the SBEE (Beninese Electric Energy Company), the state of the transformers installed on the electricity network, from 2016 to 2022, is realized. The analysis of their different operating conditions and their installation and protection methods has made it possible to identify the main causes of their damage. Their consequences on the transport and distribution of electrical energy in Benin are highlighted. It appears from this work that most of the faults are due to overvoltage due to discharges, overloads and short circuits. The poles most affected are those on poles (H61) followed by those on frames. Finally, a series of recommendations are proposed to minimize the number of defective transformers.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122715280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Cyber Attack on Emergency Energy System 网络攻击对应急能源系统的影响
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.11648/j.epes.20221106.12
G. Fandi, M. Müller, M. Čerňan, Z. Müller, J. Tlustý
{"title":"The Impact of Cyber Attack on Emergency Energy System","authors":"G. Fandi, M. Müller, M. Čerňan, Z. Müller, J. Tlustý","doi":"10.11648/j.epes.20221106.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221106.12","url":null,"abstract":": An emergency energy system is a backup power system used in critical situations with the aim of protecting lives and property from the consequences of energy loss, as is the case in hospitals (heart monitors, Ventilator,…etc), and also in sensitive facilities (military industries and government buildings). The emergency power system can contain batteries of all kinds, in addition to solar and wind energy equipment and other cheap types of energy. The concept of cyber security arose several decades after the invention of the computer. At first, there was no need for cyber security, as it was difficult for electronic attacks to occur, because access to computers was limited to specific numbers of users, as the devices were giant confined to a room with certain specifications and were not Linked to networks at the time, Energy sectors expose themselves to a range of cyber threats that can damage control systems. So management, engineering, and IT must adhere to a comprehensive approach that includes threat prevention, detection, and elimination. In this research we will try to mitigate the effects of the cyber attack on these systems by applying some algorithms in order to detect, identify and prevent such attacks, and we will see through the results we obtained that we have made remarkable progress in this","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114247112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early Anomaly Detection for Power Systems Based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence Using Factor Model Analysis 基于Kullback-Leibler散度的电力系统早期异常检测及因子模型分析
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.EPES.20211004.12
Qing Feng, G. Radman, Xuebin Li
{"title":"Early Anomaly Detection for Power Systems Based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence Using Factor Model Analysis","authors":"Qing Feng, G. Radman, Xuebin Li","doi":"10.11648/J.EPES.20211004.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EPES.20211004.12","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time anomaly detection is a critical monitoring task for power systems. Most studies of power network detection fail to identify small fault signals or disturbances that might lead to damages or system-wide blackout. This work presents a methodology for analyzing high-dimensional PMU data and detecting early events for large-scale power systems in a non-Gaussian noise environment. Also, spatio-temporal correlations of PMU data are explored and determined by the factor model for anomaly detection. Based on random matrix theory, the factor model monitors the variation of spatio-temporal correlations in PMU data and estimates the number of dynamic factors. Kullback-Leibler Divergence is employed to measure the deviation between two spectral distributions: the empirical spectral distribution of the covariance matrix of residuals from online monitoring data and its theoretical spectral distribution determined by the factor model. Using IEEE 57-bus, IEEE 118-bus, and Polish 2383-bus systems, three different case studies demonstrate that the proposed method is more effective in identifying early-stage anomalies in high-dimensional PMU data collected from large-scale power networks. Performance evaluations validate that this method is sensitive and robust to small fault signals compared with other statistical approaches. The proposed method is a data-driven approach that doesn’t require any prior knowledge of the topology of power networks.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126380123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Simulation of Renewable Energy Resources for Micro Grid Based Rural Electrification in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚基于微电网的农村电气化可再生能源设计与仿真
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.11648/J.EPES.20211004.11
Abiy Mokennen Weldegiyorgis, Ravikumar Hiremath, Derje Shiferaw
{"title":"Design and Simulation of Renewable Energy Resources for Micro Grid Based Rural Electrification in Ethiopia","authors":"Abiy Mokennen Weldegiyorgis, Ravikumar Hiremath, Derje Shiferaw","doi":"10.11648/J.EPES.20211004.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EPES.20211004.11","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is a developing country where the majority of the community lives in rural areas without electricity from the grid because of unfavorable condition of the remote area. It is necessary to supply the energy needs of this rural population for better advantages; by integrates multiply stand-alone renewable energy sources. Further, the power management of these renewably energy systems is a vital. On this research we deals with modeling & simulation of photovoltaic, micro-hydro and, storage based power generation system in MATLAB/Simulink. The power generated from these combined three renewable energy sources through intelligent decision serves for selected kebele loads. This kebele (selected village) has 5.46KWhr/m2/day amount yearly average solar radiation and 12.241l/s average flow rate. 64KW primary peak load was considered for 180 model households. The optimization result of HOMER 10KW PV, 50.4KW micro-hydro, and 18KW fuel cell optimal design is developed for electrifying the study area, for the investment cost, total present cost and unit cost of $160,780, $269,054 $0.059 respectively. Then to use the three energy resources efficiently, fuzzy logic controller based intelligent decision was used for monitoring the type and amount of resources available, as per the demand and available sources.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125183641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Improving Frequency Stability of the Nigerian 330kv Transmission Network Using Fuzzy Controller 利用模糊控制器提高尼日利亚330kv输电网的频率稳定性
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2021-05-27 DOI: 10.11648/J.EPES.20211003.12
N. B. Ngang, B. Kazeem
{"title":"Improving Frequency Stability of the Nigerian 330kv Transmission Network Using Fuzzy Controller","authors":"N. B. Ngang, B. Kazeem","doi":"10.11648/J.EPES.20211003.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EPES.20211003.12","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency instability observed in the power transmission network was mainly as a result of the per unit volts not falling within 0.95 through 1.05 P.U, volts. This has caused constant power failure in our transmission net work. This sad situation of power failure noticed in the power transmission network is contained by introducing an improvement in frequency stability of the Nigerian 330kV transmission network using fuzzy controller. It was achieved by first characterizing the 330kv transmission network by running load flow on the network, designing conventional SIMULINK model for improving frequency stability of the Nigerian 330kv transmission network, designing a rule base that makes these faulty buses to attain stability, integrating the designed rule to the conventional SIMULINK model for improving frequency stability of the Nigerian 330kv transmission network. The results obtained are conventional bus 1 per unit volts at 4s through 10s is 0.94. On the other hand, when fuzzy controller is incorporated in the system it is 1.043P.U volts. This shows that there is frequency stability when fuzzy controller is incorporated in the system since the per unit volts fall within the range of 0.95 through 1.05 P.U. volt and conventional per unit volts is 0.944 which makes the frequency unstable since the volts does not attain stability. Meanwhile, when fuzzy controller is incorporated in the system the per unit volts is 1.047. With these results, it shows that there is frequency stability when fuzzy controller is imbibed in the system. Since the per unit volt fall within the stability range of 0.95 through 1.05P.U. Volts.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117017985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive Balancing by Reactive Compensators of Three-Phase Linear Loads Supplied by Nonsinusoidal Voltage from Four-Wire Lines 四线非正弦电压供电三相线性负载的无功补偿器自适应平衡
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.11648/J.EPES.20211003.11
L. Czarnecki, Motab Almousa
{"title":"Adaptive Balancing by Reactive Compensators of Three-Phase Linear Loads Supplied by Nonsinusoidal Voltage from Four-Wire Lines","authors":"L. Czarnecki, Motab Almousa","doi":"10.11648/J.EPES.20211003.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EPES.20211003.11","url":null,"abstract":"A method of the design of an adaptive balancing reactive compensator in four-wire systems with linear loads and nonsinusoidal voltage is described in this article. The method of compensation is founded on the Currents’ Physical Components (CPC) – based power theory of three-phase systems with nonsinusoidal voltages and currents. The compensator is built of two sub-compensators of Y and  structure, respectively. The Y compensator reduces the reactive current and the zero sequence symmetrical component of the unbalanced current. The  compensator reduces the negative sequence symmetrical component of the unbalanced current. The positive sequence symmetrical component of the unbalanced current and the scattered current remain uncompensated. It is because shunt reactive compensators do not have any capability for that. Thyristor Switched Inductors (TSIs) enable the susceptance control of the compensator branches, referred to in the article as Thyristor Controlled Susceptance (TCS) branches. Periodic switching of thyristors in these branches causes the generation of harmonic currents, in particular the third-order harmonic. Moreover, in the presence of the supply voltage harmonics, a resonance of the equivalent capacitance of the compensator with the distribution system inductance can occur. These two harmful phenomena in the compensator suggested were reduced by the selection of a special structure of the TCS branches and their LC parameters. The presented method of the adaptive compensator synthesis was verified in the article with a numerical example and results of computer modeling of the load with an adaptive compensator.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116643313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Detailed Dynamic Modeling, Control, and Analysis of a Grid-Connected Variable Speed SCIG Wind Energy Conversion System 并网变速SCIG风能转换系统的详细动态建模、控制与分析
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.11648/J.EPES.20211002.11
Samuel Wanjoeh, G. Radman
{"title":"Detailed Dynamic Modeling, Control, and Analysis of a Grid-Connected Variable Speed SCIG Wind Energy Conversion System","authors":"Samuel Wanjoeh, G. Radman","doi":"10.11648/J.EPES.20211002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EPES.20211002.11","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy as a renewable energy source continues to be a better alternative to fossil-fuel based generation due to its low cost and environmental benefits. While considerable research efforts have been focused on modeling and control of grid connected variable speed squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) wind energy conversion systems (WECS), comprehensive models for grid integration studies have been almost non-existent. This paper presents the detail modeling, control and analysis of a grid-connected 2.25-MW variable speed SCIG based WECS that can be utilized for grid integration studies. The presented WECS model consists of a pitch regulated wind turbine connected to a SCIG through a gear box. Then, a full-capacity power electronic converter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), dc bus voltage regulation and power factor correction, connects the SCIG to the grid. The power converter system comprises of back to back two-level voltage source converters linked through a dc-link capacitor. The generator and grid-side converters are controlled using indirect rotor field-oriented control (IR-FOC) and voltage-oriented control (VOC) respectively. The overall system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink for a varying wind speed. Results show that the presented model is adequate and efficient in the representation of a variable speed SCIG WECS. In addition, the model meets all of the system performance objectives while simultaneously meeting all of the control objectives.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129048179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Improving the Reconfiguration of Hybrid Power Networks by Combining Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 结合遗传算法和粒子群算法改进混合电网重构
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.11648/J.EPES.20211001.12
Ahmed Alshahir, R. Molyet
{"title":"Improving the Reconfiguration of Hybrid Power Networks by Combining Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)","authors":"Ahmed Alshahir, R. Molyet","doi":"10.11648/J.EPES.20211001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EPES.20211001.12","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) have been growing continuously until they become the second source of electricity after coal. However, most of RESs have intermittent nature of electricity production due to the high dependency on some external conditions like weather which changes seasonally. This intermittent nature has a negative impact on security and stability, voltage profile, and increasing the power losses in radial distribution power networks which contain uncertain power sources. Therefore, this paper presents a novel technique based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) combined with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The goal of utilizing the GA is to track the maximum power point of uncertain power sources such as Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Turbine (WT). Then, PSO starts its execution to determine the optimum configuration of power networks in order to minimize the power losses, maintain voltage profile, and increase the overall system stability and security. Different test cases are considered for testing different operation conditions. The simulation work has implemented by using MATLAB 2016b software. The results are tested on standard IEEE 33 bus systems and validated with other conventional method to verify the correctness of the proposed technique. Results show a significant improvement in voltage profile, reduction in the power losses, and hence increment in the overall system stability and security.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116055058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Solar Photovoltaic Systems on Public Schools Buildings: A Case Study in Palestine 巴勒斯坦公立学校建筑上的太阳能光伏系统
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.11648/J.EPES.20211001.11
H. Alsamamra, J. Shoqeir
{"title":"Solar Photovoltaic Systems on Public Schools Buildings: A Case Study in Palestine","authors":"H. Alsamamra, J. Shoqeir","doi":"10.11648/J.EPES.20211001.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EPES.20211001.11","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy exploitation has proved its promising characteristics in sustainably securing energy needs. This work is a comprehensive assessment of the potential of renewable penetration in securing electricity needs in Palestine. Methods of assessment have been determined based on solar potential. Al-Dahriya secondary school in the south Hebron directorate of education was used as a case study, where these building have low working hours all over the year, which will increase the total income of the annual solar energy. AutoCad software simulation program was used to draw the rooftop of the school. The powerful HOMER ProR software was used for the simulation processes of the PV system and its requirements. Results showed that, the rooftop could accommodate 144 panels, with 57.16 KW. This system will produce 92,866 KWh every year, which could be an input of 5.12% of the total annual power consumption in Palestine if this system installed on every school in Palestine, which are in total 3074 schools. Due to the number of working hours and low energy consumption in schools, the payback period of the project will be 4.38 years. The income of the surplus when installing such project on all schools in Palestine will be around 43 million USD to the Palestinian Treasury every year after the payback period.","PeriodicalId":125088,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems","volume":"53 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132973489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信