Gait & posture最新文献

{"title":"Changes in time-continuous joint kinematics in preschool children over the stance phase of gait","authors":"Marketa Rygelova ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Uchytil ,&nbsp;Joseph Hamill ,&nbsp;Jan Malus ,&nbsp;Isaac Estevan Torres ,&nbsp;Miroslav Janura","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The use of statistical parameter mapping (SPM) to compare gait kinematics of children at different ages seems to be a more appropriate tool to describe the differences than simply describing the maxima and minima on the curves.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Does lower limb kinematic waveforms differ during gait in normally developing preschool children?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a cross-sectional study, SPM was used to compare kinematic waveforms of typically developing preschool children at ages 2, 3, and 6 years (n = 42).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Differences in internal rotation foot angle between 2-year-olds and 3-, 6-year-olds in 22–55 % lower in 2-year-olds but 85–100 % greater in 2-year-olds. Greater internal rotation of the knee in 2-year-olds versus 6-year-olds in 13–25 % of the stance phase. Lower knee abduction in 2-year-olds versus 6-year-olds in the first 13 % of the stance phase.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Comparison of the waveforms of the angle may provide a clearer understanding of the differences in gait kinematics in children at different ages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 203-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of somatosensory-stimulating foot orthoses on postural balance in older adults: A computerized dynamic posturography analysis","authors":"Abu Jor ,&nbsp;Chun Hei Lai ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jobair Khan ,&nbsp;Yufan He ,&nbsp;Wing-Kai Lam ,&nbsp;Stanley J. Winser ,&nbsp;Fan Gao ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Toshiki Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Foot orthoses (FO) with protruding knobs designed to stimulate the mechanoreceptors on the glabrous skin of the foot have been proposed to enhance proprioception, thereby improving postural balance and stability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these FO with stimulating knobs on the postural balance in the elderly using computerized dynamic posturography (CDP).</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Do FO with stimulating knobs enhance postural balance in the elderly by improving scores related to sensory organization, motor control, and adaptation in response to different static and dynamic perturbation conditions?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-three healthy elderly participants performed the CDP, which includes Sensory Organization Test, Motor Control Test, and Adaptation Test in both flat FO and stimulating FO. The Bertec Balance Advantage System with force plates was employed to collect comprehensive CDP data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results indicated a significant improvement in the composite equilibrium score (MD=1.44, p = 0.048) and weight symmetry (MD=-1.85, p = 0.024) between the two limbs when using the stimulating FO compared to the flat FO condition. The latency and amplitude scaling during backward translation as well as sway energy during toes down perturbations were lower in females than males with stimulating FO (Latency: MD=-6.62, p = 0.044; Amplitude scaling: MD=-1.75, p = 0.011; Sway energy: MD=-40.08, p = 0.007).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These findings highlight the potential of stimulating FO to provide enhanced somatosensory feedback for better postural control and coordination, underscoring their potential clinical application in improving balance and sensory integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of arm movement on emotional state and walking outcomes during height-induced postural threat in healthy young adults","authors":"Johanna Lambrich ,&nbsp;Mathew W. Hill ,&nbsp;Thomas Muehlbauer ,&nbsp;Anna M. Wissmann","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is evidence that height-induced postural threat leads to detrimental effects on walking performance. However, little is known about how the additional restriction of stabilizing arm movements affects gait and emotional state outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose was to investigate how the restriction of arm movement affects subjective and objective balance-related measures during walking at or above ground-level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two healthy young adults (11 males, 11 females; mean ± SD age; 24.4 ± 4.9 years) walked five meters at self-selected speed on ground-level (no threat) and 80 cm above ground-level (threat) with free and restricted arm movement. Emotional state outcomes were quantified by assessing self-reported balance confidence, fear of falling, perceived instability, and conscious balance processing. Walking outcomes (i.e., gait velocity, cadence, step time, normal impulse) were calculated using pressure-detecting insoles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Irrespective of arm movement condition, height-induced postural threat evoked a decrease in balance confidence and increases in fear of falling, perceived instability, and conscious balance processing as well as deteriorations in walking outcomes (i.e., decrease in gait speed and cadence; increase in step time and normal impulse). For balance confidence and step time, the threat-induced impairments were further amplified when arm movements were restricted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The strengthening of the height-induced deteriorations in emotional state (balance confidence) and walking (step time) outcomes due to the restriction of the arm movements emphasizes the importance of stabilizing, free arm movements (‘upper body strategy’) for dynamic postural control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-session dual-task walking practice improves gait variability in older adults with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Manuel E. Hernandez ,&nbsp;Robert W. Motl ,&nbsp;Frederick W. Foley ,&nbsp;Meltem Izzetoglu ,&nbsp;Mark Wagshul ,&nbsp;Roee Holtzer","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Greater gait variability is associated with falls in aging and multiple sclerosis. However, whether older adults with MS (OAMS), show higher gait variability relative to healthy older adults (HOA), under single and dual-task walking conditions, has not been reported. Furthermore, it is unclear whether practice may improve gait variability in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Is gait variability higher in OAMS relative to HOA, particularly in DTW compared to STW? Furthermore, does practice result in decreased gait variability in both groups, notably under DTW compared to STW?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the effect of within-session practice on gait variability during single (STW) and dual (DTW) task gait conditions. OAMS (n = 97, mean±SD age: 65 ± 5 years, 66 females) and HOA (n = 113, mean±SD age: 68 ± 7 years, 73 females) were recruited. Practice effects on gait variability were evaluated over three repeated counterbalanced STW and DTW trials. Gait variability measures included Coefficient of Variation (CV) in stride velocity, stride length, and swing time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OAMS demonstrated higher gait variability, on all measures, relative to HOA during both STW and DTW (P &lt; 0.001). Gait variability on all measures was higher in DTW compared to STW, (P &lt; 0.05). Practice resulted in decreased gait variability (P &lt; 0.01) on all measures in both OAMS and HOA. Furthermore, practice resulted in decreased temporal gait variability, as measured by swing time CV, under DTW in particular (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>In conclusion, OAMS exhibited greater gait variability than HOA, yet both groups demonstrated decreases in temporal and spatial gait variability after within-session practice, notably under DTW, which in turn may reduce fall risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running-induced fatigue influences lower extremity muscle synergy and related biomechanics","authors":"Yongxin Xu ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Siyuan He ,&nbsp;Chenhao Yang ,&nbsp;Shen Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijie Fu ,&nbsp;Lu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fatigue changes muscle activation patterns as an adaptation strategy in multi-joint movements. However, due to groups of muscles involved in running, the across-muscle neurological regulation before and after fatigue is unclear. The central nervous system may employ low-dimensional modular structures, known as muscle synergies, to describe the muscle coordination in a multi-joint movement such as running.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the effect of fatigue on lower extremity muscle synergy and biomechanical characteristics in running.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Twelve healthy male participants were recruited. The kinematic, kinetic, and surface electromyography data of nine muscles (i.e., gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus) were synchronously recorded on a treadmill at 12 km/h before and after a load-increasing fatigue intervention. Muscle synergy was calculated by the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. Muscle weight and activation curves were used to identify the co-activation before and after fatigue.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Maximum ankle plantarflexion velocity, maximum knee flexion angle, and hip range of motion significantly increased after fatigue. Vertical stiffness and work in the lower extremity significantly decreased after fatigue. Six muscle synergies (SYN1–6) were clustered before and after fatigue, corresponding to four major functions in the running gait cycle. The number of muscle synergy did not change significantly after fatigue, while the muscle weights and activation curve changed.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Muscle synergies were stabilized and were less affected by fatigue, corresponding to specific biomechanical functions within the running gait cycle. Meanwhile, changes in muscle weights and activation curves reflected neuromuscular adaptations to fatigue and may be associated with alterations in lower extremity kinematics during continuous movement after fatigue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proprioceptive acuity, proprioceptive weighting and balance in individuals with chronic ankle instability","authors":"Telma Sagnard ,&nbsp;Brice Picot ,&nbsp;Nicolas Forestier","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Joint position sense (JPS), balance assessments, and proprioceptive weighting tests offer insights into different dimensions of proprioception to evaluate deficits associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, it remains unclear whether the outcomes of one test can be extrapolated to others.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Is proprioception measured by various tests impaired, and can the result obtained in one test be extrapolated to others in CAI and control participants?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirteen CAI and fifteen control participants were assessed on 1) JPS in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion by calculating absolute and constant repositioning errors. 2) Unipedal balance by measuring center of pressure (CoP) ellipse area and velocity. 3) Relative proprioceptive weighting (RPW) by measuring postural response to triceps surae and lumbar multifidus tendinous vibrations. Parameters were averaged and compared across groups using independent-sample <em>t</em>-tests, and correlations between parameters were analyzed using Pearson’s r test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were observed between CAI and control groups for any parameter. In the CAI group only, plantarflexion absolute error was positively correlated with both CoP ellipse area (r = 0.57; P = 0.04) and anteroposterior (r = 0.57; P = 0.04) and mediolateral (r = 0.67; P = 0.01) CoP velocity. Conversely, in the control group only, plantarflexion constant error was positively correlated with RPW (r = 0.54; P = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>CAI participants do not systematically exhibit proprioceptive or balance impairments. Among CAI participants only, impaired proprioceptive acuity was associated with impaired balance, and participants maintained an ankle-steered strategy even if proprioceptive signals were altered. Practitioners should assess proprioceptive acuity and balance to target potential impairments associated with CAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 178-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of balance performance, gait, foot function, lower extremity biomechanical alignment and muscle strength in individuals with unilateral and bilateral plantar fasciitis","authors":"Salman Usman Shehu ,&nbsp;Ayfer Ezgi Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Aydan Örsçeli̇k ,&nbsp;Tuğba Kocahan ,&nbsp;Bihter Akinoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Given the pedal variations in biomechanical effects, chronicity, treatment implications, and foot function and alignment in plantar fasciitis, we aim to compare key parameters between individuals with unilateral and bilateral plantar fasciitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty individuals (15 unilateral and 15 bilateral) were included in the study. Static balance was evaluated with the Single-Leg Stance Test, dynamic balance with The Star Balance Excursion Test, gait with OneStep 3.20 mobile software, foot function with The Foot Function Index (FFI), biomechanical alignment with medial longitudinal arch height, Q angle, and lower extremity muscle length, and muscle strength with a Hand-held Dynamometer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The unilateral group exhibited superior performance in unaffected side static and posterolateral dynamic balance (p = 0.037; p = 0.039), and in affected side posterior dynamic balance (p = 0.041). Gait double support asymmetry was better in the unilateral group (p = 0.003). Pain, disability, and activity limitation were more pronounced in the bilateral group (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups in medial arch height, Q angle, and muscle shortness/flexibility (p &gt; 0.05). The unilateral group had more strength in the affected side's Gluteus Medius and Adductor muscles (p = 0.046; p = 0.011), as well as in the unaffected side's Quadriceps, Iliopsoas, Gluteus Medius, and Adductor muscles (p = 0.018; p = 0.026; p = 0.006; p = 0.026).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Balance, foot function and muscle strength were better in individuals with unilateral plantar fasciitis. We think more specific treatments should be included in the management of individuals with bilateral plantar fasciitis aiming to improve balance, foot function and muscle strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effects of short foot exercise combined with lower extremity training on dynamic foot function in individuals with flexible flatfoot: A randomized controlled trial” [Gait & Posture 104 (2023) 109–115/doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.06.013. Epub 2023 Jun 22]","authors":"Nalut Utsahachant ,&nbsp;Prasert Sakulsriprasert ,&nbsp;Komsak Sinsurin ,&nbsp;Mark P. Jensen ,&nbsp;Sumarttra Sungkue","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Page 135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To see or not to see: Does foot visualization in immersive virtual reality influence gait parameters of youths with neuromotor impairments when performing walking-related activities?","authors":"Corinne Ammann-Reiffer ,&nbsp;Andrina Kläy ,&nbsp;Sophia Rhiel ,&nbsp;Urs Keller ,&nbsp;Hubertus J.A. van Hedel","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immersive virtual reality (VR) experienced through a head-mounted display (HMD) offers the possibility to practice real-world situations in a safe and motivating way in pediatric neurorehabilitation. As the HMD blocks the view of the physical world, patients lack visual feedback of their body parts. Foot visualization in the virtual environment could inform patients about their feet’s position during walking-related activities.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>How does foot visualization affect spatial gait parameters of youths with neuromotor gait impairments during everyday walking tasks with an immersive VR-HMD?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 15 youths with neuromotor gait impairments (mean age 12.3 years) performed four walking-related tasks wearing the VR-HMD Meta Quest 2. Walking through the virtual environment, they had to place their feet as accurately as possible on bollards, step over a plank, balance over a beam, and cross a gap. We used a Vicon motion capture system to assess spatial gait parameters when the participants could not see their feet and when a real-time virtual model of their feet was integrated into the virtual environment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the bollard task, foot visualization had a large positive effect (Hedges’ g = 0.82) on the foot placement accuracy, with a reduction in deviation from the bollard center from 12.1 cm (IQR: 16 cm) to 6.5 cm (IQR: 5.1 cm) (p &lt; 0.001). Further, the maximum step height of the leading foot when overstepping the plank decreased by 2.9 cm (g = 0.4, p = 0.05). Foot visualization did not influence the spatial gait parameters when balancing over a beam or crossing a gap.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Pediatric patients who practice walking-related activities with an immersive VR-HMD can benefit from foot visualization, as it increases foot placement accuracy for certain tasks. However, technical solutions have to become simpler for the clinical implementation of foot visualization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization by margin of stability in lumbar fusion patients requiring gait supervision","authors":"Hideaki Muraoka ,&nbsp;Shohei Noguchi ,&nbsp;Kimitaka Hase","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although gait supervision poses a key challenge in rehabilitation, no prior researcher has characterized the gait stability of patients requiring supervision. Recently, margin of stability (MoS) has gained prominence for assessing stability at specific moments.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Is it possible to characterize gait-under-supervision (GS) patients after extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) using the MoS? Could the direction of instability depend on the form of impairments?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 66 patients who underwent XLIF and were assessed one month postoperatively. The MoS was calculated as the distance from the extrapolated center of mass (XCoM) to the base of support (BoS) boundary of the XLIF insertion-side foot. The posterior AP-MoS indicated a posterior deviation, and the ML-MoS indicated a medial deviation, when the XCoM moved beyond the posterior and medial boundaries of the BoS, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the effects of such deviations on gait supervision. Decision tree analysis was adopted to identify impairments requiring resolution based on the direction of instability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-six patients were in the gait-independent group and 20 in the gait-supervision group. The odds ratio for posterior deviation was 106.896 (confidence interval (CI): 95 %, 12.572–1915.886) and 173.953 (CI: 95 %, 14.806–1287.583) for medial deviation. Knee extension and hip abduction strength significantly differentiated posterior and medial deviations.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The MoS successfully characterized GS patients' stability, offering valuable insights for resolving gait supervision. Our findings highlight the need for therapeutic interventions that consider the direction of instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 260-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}