Frontiers in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"IL-18 biology in severe asthma.","authors":"Sarita Thawanaphong, Aswathi Nair, Emily Volfson, Parameswaran Nair, Manali Mukherjee","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1486780","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1486780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and inflammasomes in chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has garnered significant attention in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of IL-18 biology, the associated signaling pathways, and the involvement of inflammasome complexes in airway diseases. We explore the multifaceted role of IL-18 in asthma pathophysiology, including its interactions with other cytokines and contributions to both T2 and non-T2 inflammation. Importantly, emerging evidence highlights IL-18 as a critical player in severe asthma, contributing to chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and mucus impaction. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging evidence of IL-18's involvement in autoimmunity and highlight potential therapeutic targets within the IL-18 and inflammasome pathways in severe asthma patients with evidence of infections and airway autoimmune responses. By synthesizing recent advancements and ongoing research, this review underscores the importance of IL-18 as a potential novel therapeutic target in the treatment of severe asthma and other related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1486780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple recommended health behaviors among medical students in Western Canada: a descriptive study of self-reported knowledge, adherence, barriers, and time use.","authors":"Nathanael Ip, Kendra Scarrott, Annalijn I Conklin","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1468990","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1468990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>General medical practitioners are responsible for promoting and prescribing lifestyle modification and serve as role models for healthy behaviors. We aimed to assess self-reported knowledge, adherence, barriers and time spent on all recommended health behaviors among medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey of eight behavioral domains among undergraduate medical students in The University of British Columbia, Canada, was analysed using descriptive statistics and visual display.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between March and April 2023, 137 medical students participated in the survey (74% female). Over 80% had knowledge of five health behavior recommendations, but lacked knowledge of specific dietary recommendations in particular. Over 60% reported meeting guideline-recommended levels for tobacco, weekly alcohol, daily alcohol (females only), and physical activity (males only). Large gaps existed between knowledge and adherence for physical activity, sleep, sedentariness, screen time, and dietary recommendations. Sex differences in knowledge and adherence to recommended health behaviors were identified. Time spent on wellness focused on sleep (47-49 h/week), diet (9.6 h/week), exercise (5.8 h/week), and hobbies (6.1 h/week). Forgetting recommendations (69% of females, 71% of males), and lack of time (72% of females, 52% of males) were principal barriers to knowledge and adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most medical students in Western Canada reported not meeting multiple recommended health behaviors. Time was the largest barrier to adherence and free time was spent on sleep. Medical education may require protected time and dedicated content for health behaviors to ensure future physicians can be role models of health promotion for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1468990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIG012 assists in the treatment of pneumonia by inhibiting the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.","authors":"Shi Zhang, Hanbing Chen, Jianfeng Xie, Lili Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1501761","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1501761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pneumonia is a common clinical condition primarily treated with antibiotics and organ support. Exploring the pathogenesis to identify therapeutic targets may aid in the adjunct treatment of pneumonia and improve survival rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic data from peripheral blood of 183 pneumonia patients were analyzed using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and univariate Cox regression analysis to identify signaling pathways associated with pneumonia mortality. A pneumonia mouse model was established via airway injection of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and pathway-specific blockers were administered via tail vein infusion to assess whether the identified signaling pathways impact the mortality in pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of GSVA and Cox analysis revealed 17 signaling pathways significantly associated with 28-day mortality in pneumonia patients (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Notably, the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway exhibited the highest hazard ratio of 2.501 with a 95% confidence interval of [1.223-5.114]. Infusion of RIG012 via the tail vein effectively inhibited the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, significantly ameliorated lung injury in pneumonia mice, reduced pulmonary inflammatory responses, and showed a trend toward improved survival rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RIG012 may represent a novel adjunctive therapeutic agent for pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1501761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subphenotypic features of patients with sepsis and ARDS: a multicenter cohort study.","authors":"Nan Li, DeYu Fang, Feng Ge, Lin Zhang, Ying Liu, Hongxu Jin, Hao Shen, Keliang Xie, Yan Gao","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1476512","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1476512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients with sepsis are often comorbid with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the phenotypic characteristics of pulmonary and non-pulmonary infections leading to ARDS are still unclear. This study aimed to compare the phenotypic characteristics of ARDS resulting from pulmonary infections and other non-site infections and provide better guidance for clinical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter cohort analysis using data from the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV), and the electronic intensive care unit (eICU) databases. The study population consisted of adult patients diagnosed with sepsis and ARDS. The primary objectives were to compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients with pulmonary infection-induced ARDS and those with non-pulmonary infection-induced ARDS using Wilcoxon analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, correlation analysis, propensity matching scores, and other statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with ARDS by pulmonary infection may be more likely to have a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and abdominal infection was more likely to induce ARDS in sepsis patients with non-pulmonary infection. Pulmonary infections caused by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> were more likely to induce ARDS. The oxygenation index and prognosis of ARDS patients induced by pulmonary infection were worse than those caused by other infections, with lower PaO₂, PaO₂/FiO₂, and ROX index and longer hospital stay. More ARDS patients with pulmonary infection were given mechanical ventilation therapy, with higher mortality, APACHE II, SOFA, and SAPS II. The further correlation analysis showed that the prognostic scores of ARDS patients were negatively correlated with PaO₂/FiO₂ and ROX index. The above results were confirmed to varying degrees by propensity matching scores, external cohort validation, and other methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulmonary infection induces a worse prognosis of ARDS than other site infections in patients with sepsis and ARDS. These patients require heightened vigilance, early intervention, and possibly more aggressive management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1476512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional assessment of perception and attitude of pharmacy students towards pharmaceutical promotion: a study from developing country, Pakistan.","authors":"Ali Hassan Gillani, Hafsa Arshad, Muhammad Arshed, Ammar Jairoun, Sundus Shukar, Jamshaid Akbar, Azzah Khadim Hussain, Hafiz Muhammad Abbas Malik, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Yu Fang","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1424352","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1424352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pharmaceutical promotion is \"all informational and persuasive activities by manufacturers and distributors, the effect of which is to induce the prescription, supply, purchase and/or use of medicinal drugs. These promotional activities affect the dispensing behavior of physicians and pharmacists and influence begins from educational institutes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study's main aim was to evaluate opinion and attitude of pharmacy students towards pharmaceutical promotion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 3rd, 4th and final year pharmacy students of 3 public and 3 private sector universities in Punjab Pakistan. A modified version of pre available questionnaire was used to collect data from students between June 2020 and December 2020. The tool was made available through a Google Form, assessable to students via provided link. We utilized the snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the demographics, while Chi-square and t-test were used to analyze associations between demographics and items. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,195 students participated in the survey with an average age of 22.2 ± 1.2 years. Nearly 2/3rd of the students were males (62.2%) and a significant proportion (87.3%) of pharmacy students had never taken part in any training provided by pharmaceutical company. Among all, 51.9% confirmed that pharmacists who frequently interact with medical representatives tend to dispense more antibiotics. Additionally, 42.1% indicated they may dispense antibiotics under the influence of promotion. Pharmacy students in senior college years and those with lower parental exhibited significantly more perception and attitude scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant number of students concurred with the notion that promotional activities could impact dispensing practices and they also believed that such activities contribute to the growing issue of irrational antibiotic use. This study underscores the necessity for a heightened emphasis on the educational needs of pharmacy students.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1424352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uremic sarcopenia: the role of intramuscular adipose tissue as a potential early identifier.","authors":"Annalisa Noce, Maria Josè Ceravolo, Paola Gualtieri, Giulia Marrone, Lorenzo Romano, Amir Shoshi, Manuela Di Lauro, Antonino De Lorenzo","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1372668","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1372668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sarcopenia is a chronic pathological condition, first defined in 2010 and revised in 2018. The most recent definition of sarcopenia focuses mostly on \"low muscle strength.\" A secondary form of sarcopenia is represented by uremic sarcopenia (US), a condition that characterizes end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. The intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) seems to impact negatively on muscle strength, as it would seem to replace muscle fibers with a non-contractile component. The study aims to compare body composition parameters-both standardized and innovative-related to the diagnosis of US in hemodialysis (HD) patients, stratified by sarcopenia diagnosis. Furthermore, the different indices of sarcopenia are compared in order to evaluate their predictive capacity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 48 ESKD patients according to the sarcopenia diagnosis, obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Moreover, we assessed the presence of IMAT and calculated the sarcopenia index (SI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the study, the enrolled population was divided according to the sarcopenia diagnosis: no sarcopenic patients had higher transferrin (<i>p</i> = 0.03), total proteins (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and azotemia pre-dialysis (<i>p</i> = 0.05) values. On the contrary, atherogenic indices were lower in no sarcopenic patients. Moreover, we observed an indirect correlation between the SI and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (<i>p</i> = 0.00138, <i>R</i> ² = 0.54). Finally, we calculated the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenia adjusted for IMAT. We showed a different prevalence between sarcopenia diagnosed with a standard index and an index adjusted for IMAT (<i>p</i> = 0.043). In conclusion, we believe that the most important result obtained is the indirect correlation between SI and PTH. These data corroborate the theories, in which PTH seems to play a central role in the cachexia genesis. Moreover, the SI adjusted for IMAT seems to be a more reliable parameter for the early identification of subjects at risk of developing US, allowing timely implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1372668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allogeneic fibroblasts ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by reducing osteophytes in rabbits.","authors":"Chen Chen, Yizhuo Huang, Lei Shi, Li Zhou, Shenao Zhou, Hongjin Wan, Xiao Yang, Jie Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1488727","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1488727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low back pain (LBP) was commonly induced by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which is accompanied by the loss of disc height and osteophyte generation. Cell-based therapy is a promising treatment for preventing the degeneration of interverbral disc. In our study, allogeneic fibroblasts are shown to ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by reducing osteophytes in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established a rabbits-derived fibroblast (Rab-Fib) which could be expanded in vitro and constructed puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration rabbit model. Histologic and imaging examinations and analyses were performed after 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data indicate that stable and reliably-extracted allogeneic fibroblasts can effectively ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by reducing osteophytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides a basis for advancing the further translation of fibroblasts in intervertebral disc therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1488727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related cataract without surgery is related to exacerbated depression symptoms: a cross-sectional study of Chinese adults from Anhui, China.","authors":"Tao Wang, Hexia Li, Quangang Cao","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1483709","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1483709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study sought to evaluate the relationship between age-related cataracts, a prevalent ocular condition among the elderly, and the occurrence of depressive symptoms within a cohort of Chinese adults residing in Anhui, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey involving 252 Chinese individuals aged 65 years and older was conducted at Lu'an People's Hospital. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) consisting of 17 items, while age-related cataracts were clinically classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III. Depressive symptoms were identified by a HAMD score exceeding 7. Logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) pertaining to the association between age-related cataracts and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cataract patients aged 65 years and older had significantly higher scores of depressive symptoms than those under 65 years (mean scores of 8.17 ± 3.26 versus 5.18 ± 1.86, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, patients aged 65 years and above exhibited a diminished quality of life relative to patients aged under 65 years. The findings indicated that adults experiencing depressive symptoms reported lower monthly incomes (<i>p</i> = 0.036), lower educational attainment (<i>p</i> = 0.044), and living alone (<i>p</i> = 0.007). Furthermore, fewer elderly patients with depressive symptoms received surgical treatment (15 patients) than those without depressive symptoms (61 patients), with a significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.011). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with a lack of formal education (<i>p</i> = 0.048), reduced income (<i>p</i> = 0.003), solitary living arrangements (<i>p</i> = 0.025), and the presence of cataracts without surgical intervention (<i>p</i> = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested a significant association between age-related cataracts and depressive symptoms among older adults. Specifically, cataracts that remain untreated surgically were notably linked to depression in elderly patients. It is recommended that initiatives and resources be directed toward surgical treatment programs for cataracts in individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1483709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of robot-assisted hand function therapy on brain functional mechanisms: a synchronized study using fNIRS and sEMG.","authors":"Changfeng Cheng, Tiantian Liu, Beibei Zhang, Xubo Wu, Zhenwang Song, Zhongzhi Zhao, Xue Ren, Minjun Zhao, Yajuan Su, Jiening Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1411616","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1411616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Robot-assisted hand function therapy is pivotal in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke; however, its therapeutic mechanism remains elusive. Currently, research examining the impact of robot-assisted hand function therapy on brain function in patients with stroke is scarce, and there is a lack of studies investigating the correlation between muscle activity and alterations in brain function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the correlation between forearm muscle movement and brain functional activation by employing the synchronized use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography methods. Moreover, it sought to compare neural activity patterns during different rehabilitation tasks and refine the mechanism of robot-assisted hand function therapy for post-stroke hand function impairments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stroke patients with hand dysfunction underwent three sessions of robot-assisted hand function therapy within 2 weeks to 3 months of onset. The fNIRS-sEMG synchronous technique was used to observe brain function and forearm muscle activation. Ten participants were randomly assigned to receive mirror, resistance, or passive rehabilitation training. During the intervention, cortical and muscle activation information was obtained using fNIRS and electromyographic signals. The primary outcomes included changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration and root mean square of surface electromyography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the resting state, the Oxy-Hb concentration in the brain regions involved in three rehabilitation tasks with robot-assisted hand function therapy significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Mirror therapy significantly enhanced the prefrontal cortex and the superior frontal cortex activation levels. In contrast, resistance therapy significantly promoted the activation of the supplementary motor area and the premotor cortex. Passive rehabilitation tasks showed some activation in the target brain area premotor cortex region. Robot-assisted hand function therapy has shown that forearm muscle movement is closely related to oxygenated hemoglobin concentration activity in specific brain regions during different rehabilitation tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The simultaneous sEMG-fNIRS study found a significant correlation between muscle movement and brain activity after stroke, which provides an important basis for understanding the treatment mechanism of hand function impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1411616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is new in imaging to assist in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis since the EULAR and ACR/VF recommendations?","authors":"Ruoning Ni, Minna J Kohler","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1495644","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmed.2024.1495644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decades, fundamental insights have been gained to establish the pivotal role of imaging in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis, including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK). A deeper comprehension of imaging modalities has prompted earlier diagnosis leading to expedited treatment for better prognosis. The European Alliance of Associations in Rheumatology (EULAR) recommended in 2023 that ultrasound should be the initial imaging test in suspected GCA, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) remains the first-line imaging modality in suspected TAK. We summarize the recent advances in diagnostic imaging in large vessel vasculitis, highlighting use of combination imaging modalities, and discuss progress in newer imaging techniques such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, shear wave elastography, ocular ultrasound, ultrasound biomicroscopy, integration of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with MRI, novel tracer in PET, black blood MRI, orbital MRI, and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) to existing imaging modalities. Our aim is to offer a perspective on ongoing advancements in imaging for the diagnosis of GCA and TAK, particularly innovative technology, which could potentially boost diagnostic precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":12488,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Medicine","volume":"11 ","pages":"1495644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}