Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology最新文献

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A review of the effects of different types of social behaviors on the recruitment of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in the nucleus accumbens.
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2025.101175
Johnathan M Borland
{"title":"A review of the effects of different types of social behaviors on the recruitment of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in the nucleus accumbens.","authors":"Johnathan M Borland","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2025.101175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2025.101175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a lack of understanding of the neural mechanisms regulating the rewarding effects of social interactions. A significant contributor to this lack of clarity is the diversity of social behaviors and animal models utilized to investigate mechanisms. Other sources of the lack of clarity are the diversity of brain regions that can regulate social reward and the diversity of signaling pathways that regulate reward. To provide some clarity into the mechanisms of social reward, this review focused on the brain region most implicated in reward for multiple stimuli, the nucleus accumbens, and surveyed (systematically reviewed) studies that investigated the relationship between social interaction and five signaling systems implicated in the regulation of reward and social behavior: oxytocin, vasopressin, serotonin, opioids and endocannabinoids. Moreover, all of these studies were organized by the type of social behavior studied: affiliative interactions, play behavior, aggression, social defeat, sex behavior, pair-bonding, parental behavior and social isolation. From this survey and organization, this review concludes that oxytocin, endocannabinoids and mu-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens positively regulate the rewarding social behaviors, and kappa-opioid receptors negatively regulate the rewarding social behaviors. The opposite profile is observed for these signaling systems for the aversive social behaviors. More studies are needed to investigate the directional role of the serotonin system in the nucleus accumbens in the regulation of many types of social behaviors, and vasopressin likely does not act in the nucleus accumbens in the regulation of the valence of social behaviors. Many of these different signaling systems are also interdependent of one another in the regulation of different types of social behaviors. Finally, the interaction of these signaling systems with dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is briefly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"101175"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"Estrogens and human brain networks: A systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies". 雌激素和人脑网络:结构和功能神经影像学研究的系统回顾。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101174
Livia Ruehr, Kim Hoffmann, Emily May, Marie Luise Münch, Haiko Schlögl, Julia Sacher
{"title":"\"Estrogens and human brain networks: A systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies\".","authors":"Livia Ruehr, Kim Hoffmann, Emily May, Marie Luise Münch, Haiko Schlögl, Julia Sacher","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estrogen fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, puberty, postpartum, or in the menopausal transition are associated with cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects. Additionally, estrogens are essential in hormonal contraception, menopausal hormone therapy, or gender-affirming hormone therapy. This systematic review summarizes findings on the role of estrogens for structure, function, and connectivity of human brain networks. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for neuroimaging articles assessing estrogens published since 2008. We included 54 studies (N = 2,494 participants) on endogenous estrogen, and 28 studies (N = 1,740 participants) on exogenous estrogen conditions. Estrogen-related changes were reported for emotion, reward, memory, and resting-state networks, and in regional white and gray matter, with a particular neural plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala. By examining study designs, imaging measures, and analysis methods, this review highlights the role of neuroimaging in advancing neuroendocrine and neurocognitive research, particularly promoting brain health for women and individuals with ovaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"101174"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gut feeling: Exploring the intertwined trilateral nexus of gut microbiota, sex hormones, and mental health. 肠道感觉:探索肠道微生物群、性激素和心理健康之间错综复杂的三边关系。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101173
Luana Leao, Saba Miri, Riadh Hammami
{"title":"Gut feeling: Exploring the intertwined trilateral nexus of gut microbiota, sex hormones, and mental health.","authors":"Luana Leao, Saba Miri, Riadh Hammami","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complex interplay between the gut microbiota, sex hormones, and mental health is emerging as a pivotal factor in understanding and managing psychiatric disorders. Beyond their traditional roles, sex hormones exert profound effects on various physiological systems including the gut microbiota. Fluctuations in sex hormone levels, notably during the menstrual cycle, influence gut physiology and barrier function, shaping gut microbiota composition and immune responses. Conversely, the gut microbiota actively modulates sex hormone levels via enzymatic processes. This bidirectional relationship underscores the significance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining mental well-being. This review explores the multifaceted interactions between sex hormones, the gut microbiota, and mental health outcomes. We highlight the potential of personalized interventions in treating psychiatric disorders, particularly in vulnerable populations such as premenopausal women and individuals with depressive disorders. By elucidating these complex interactions, we aim to provide insights for future research into targeted interventions, enhancing mental health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"101173"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revisiting the role of sexual hormones in the demyelinated central nervous system. 重访性激素在脱髓鞘中枢神经系统中的作用。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101172
Elisabeth Traiffort, Abdelmoumen Kassoussi, Amina Zahaf
{"title":"Revisiting the role of sexual hormones in the demyelinated central nervous system.","authors":"Elisabeth Traiffort, Abdelmoumen Kassoussi, Amina Zahaf","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex-related differences characterize multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease displaying higher incidence in females as well as discrepancies in susceptibility and progression. Besides clinical specificities, molecular and cellular differences related to sex hormones were progressively uncovered improving our understanding of the mechanisms involved in this disabling disease. The most recent findings may give rise to the identification of novel therapeutic perspectives that could meet the urgent need for a treatment preventing the transition from the recurrent- to the progressive form of the disease. The present review is an update of our current knowledge about progestagens, androgens and estrogens in the context of CNS demyelination including their synthesis, the impact of their dysregulation, the preclinical and clinical data presently available, the main molecular dimorphisms related to these hormones and their age-related changes and relationship with failure of spontaneous remyelination, likely impacting the inexorable progression of multiple sclerosis towards irreversible disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"101172"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Menstrually-related mood disorders and postpartum depression: Convergent aspects in aetiology. 月经相关情绪障碍和产后抑郁症:病因学的趋同方面。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101171
D Islas-Preciado, E Estrada-Camarena, L A M Galea
{"title":"Menstrually-related mood disorders and postpartum depression: Convergent aspects in aetiology.","authors":"D Islas-Preciado, E Estrada-Camarena, L A M Galea","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Females diagnosed with Menstrually-related mood disorders (MRMDs) have more risk to develop postpartum depression (PPD). There are overlapping symptoms between MRMDs and PPD such as anxiety, depressed mood, irritability, that can contribute to a lower quality of life. MRMDs and PPD share components in their etiology such as dramatic hormonal oscillations, and alterations in Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity that may impair GABAergic neurotransmission. As well, stressful events that impact HPA regulation may play an important role in the etiology of MRMDs and PPD. Here we review common hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle and pregnancy/postpartum to identify shared pathways that could contribute to greater sensitivity in people with MRMDs and PPD. This review summarizes hormone sensitivity, HPA axis activity and neurosteroids effects on GABAergic transmission and the potential role of chronic stress in developing MRMDs and PPD. In addition, other potential etiopathological factors, such as serotonin and the immune system, are discussed. Investigating the etiopathology of MRMDs and PDD will help to better understand the complexity of factors involved in these disorders that affect females across the reproductive years.</p>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"101171"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurosteroid replacement approaches for improving outcomes after compromised pregnancies and preterm birth. 神经类固醇替代方法改善受损妊娠和早产后的结局。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101169
Jonathan J Hirst, Hannah K Palliser, Carlton Pavy, Julia C Shaw, Roisin A Moloney
{"title":"Neurosteroid replacement approaches for improving outcomes after compromised pregnancies and preterm birth.","authors":"Jonathan J Hirst, Hannah K Palliser, Carlton Pavy, Julia C Shaw, Roisin A Moloney","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The levels of the key neurosteroid of pregnancy, allopregnanolone, are very high in the fetal and maternal brain compared to after birth. These levels are maintained by the placenta which forms a placental connection to fetal brain development. Maternal stresses depress placental synthesis resulting in a fall in allopregnanolone levels leading to deficits in myelination that continue into childhood. This contributes to an increased incidence of behavioural disorders. Supplementing neurosteroid action with allopregnanolone analogues or raising endogenous production with mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) ligands reverses these deficits. Preterm birth leads to an early dramatic loss of neurosteroid support for brain development leading to marked deficits in myelination and susceptibility to hypoxic-ischaemic injury. Postnatal treatment with the allopregnanolone analogue ganaxolone improves myelination and reduces hyperactive behaviour. TSPO ligands such as emapunil have been shown to improve oligodendrocyte maturation. These findings support the use of allopregnanolone supplementation approaches after pregnancy compromises to improve outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"101169"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The oxytocin system in patients with craniopharyngioma: A systematic review. 颅咽管瘤患者的催产素系统:一项系统综述。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101170
Amy Mann, Jennifer Kalitsi, Khushali Jani, Daniel Martins, Ritika R Kapoor, Yannis Paloyelis
{"title":"The oxytocin system in patients with craniopharyngioma: A systematic review.","authors":"Amy Mann, Jennifer Kalitsi, Khushali Jani, Daniel Martins, Ritika R Kapoor, Yannis Paloyelis","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumour affecting the hypothalamic and pituitary regions, which are involved in the production and secretion of oxytocin. We conducted a systematic review to assess dysregulation of the oxytocin system in craniopharyngioma and associations with neurobehavioural, eating, and metabolic abnormalities. Eight studies (n = 72 patients) were included. Evidence for dysfunction of the endogenous oxytocin system in craniopharyngioma is limited and mixed. While no significant differences in baseline salivary oxytocin concentrations were reported between patients with craniopharyngioma and controls, patients with craniopharyngioma were found to have blunted salivary oxytocin response following exercise stimulation and this was associated with greater state anxiety and higher BMI. Studies administering exogenous oxytocin are sparse and do not meet required standards. Hypothalamic damage may pose an additional mechanism of oxytocin dysregulation. Improving understanding of the oxytocin system in craniopharyngioma could be pivotal for exploring the potential therapeutic role of exogenous oxytocin in this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"101170"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unraveling sex differences in maternal and paternal care impacts on social behaviors and neurobiological responses to early-life adversity 揭示母爱和父爱的性别差异对早年逆境中的社会行为和神经生物学反应的影响。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101162
Shakeera L. Walker , Erica R. Glasper
{"title":"Unraveling sex differences in maternal and paternal care impacts on social behaviors and neurobiological responses to early-life adversity","authors":"Shakeera L. Walker ,&nbsp;Erica R. Glasper","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early-life stress (ELS) affects the development of prosocial behaviors and social-cognitive function, often leading to structural brain changes and increased psychosocial disorders. Recent studies suggest that mother- and father-child relationships independently influence social development in a sex-specific manner, but the effects of impaired father-child relationships are often overlooked. This review examines preclinical rodent studies to explore how parental neglect impacts neuroplasticity and social behaviors in offspring. We highlight that disruptions in maternal interactions may affect male pups more in uniparental rodents, while impaired paternal interactions in biparental rodents tend to impact female pups more. Due to limited research, the separate effects of maternal and paternal neglect on brain development and social behaviors in biparental species remain unclear. Addressing these gaps could clarify the sex-specific mechanisms underlying social and neurobiological deficits following parental neglect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insulin-like growth factor-1 and cognitive health: Exploring cellular, preclinical, and clinical dimensions 胰岛素样生长因子-1 与认知健康:探索细胞、临床前和临床层面。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101161
Cellas A. Hayes , Destiny Wilson , Miguel A. De Leon , Mubarak Jolayemi Mustapha , Sharon Morales , Michelle C. Odden , Nicole M. Ashpole
{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 and cognitive health: Exploring cellular, preclinical, and clinical dimensions","authors":"Cellas A. Hayes ,&nbsp;Destiny Wilson ,&nbsp;Miguel A. De Leon ,&nbsp;Mubarak Jolayemi Mustapha ,&nbsp;Sharon Morales ,&nbsp;Michelle C. Odden ,&nbsp;Nicole M. Ashpole","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have an inverse association with cognitive decline and dementia. IGF-1 is known to have important pleiotropic functions beginning in neurodevelopment and extending into adulthood such as neurogenesis. At the cellular level, IGF-1 has pleiotropic signaling mechanisms through the IGF-1 receptor on neurons and neuroglia to attenuate inflammation, promote myelination, maintain astrocytic functions for homeostatic balances, and neuronal synaptogenesis. In preclinical rodent models of aging and transgenic models of IGF-1, increased IGF-1 improves cognition in a variety of behavioral paradigms along with reducing IGF-1 via knockout models being able to induce cognitive impairment. At the clinical levels, most studies highlight that increased levels of IGF-1 are associated with better cognition. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of the association between IGF-1 and cognition at the cellular signaling levels, preclinical, and clinical levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101161"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Progestagens and progesterone receptor modulation: Effects on the brain, mood, stress, and cognition in females 孕激素和孕酮受体调节:对女性大脑、情绪、压力和认知的影响。
IF 6.5 1区 医学
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101160
Celine Bencker , Laura Gschwandtner , Sibel Nayman , Ramunė Grikšienė , Billie Nguyen , Urs M. Nater , Rachida Guennoun , Inger Sundström-Poromaa , Belinda Pletzer , Marie Bixo , Erika Comasco
{"title":"Progestagens and progesterone receptor modulation: Effects on the brain, mood, stress, and cognition in females","authors":"Celine Bencker ,&nbsp;Laura Gschwandtner ,&nbsp;Sibel Nayman ,&nbsp;Ramunė Grikšienė ,&nbsp;Billie Nguyen ,&nbsp;Urs M. Nater ,&nbsp;Rachida Guennoun ,&nbsp;Inger Sundström-Poromaa ,&nbsp;Belinda Pletzer ,&nbsp;Marie Bixo ,&nbsp;Erika Comasco","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progesterone is a highly lipophilic gonadal hormone that can influence behavior and mental health through its receptors in the brain. Fluctuations in progesterone levels across critical periods of a females life are associated with increased susceptibility to mental conditions.</div><div>This review highlights the effects of progestagens, including progesterone and synthetic progestins, on the brain, mood, stress, and cognition in females. The primary focus is on experimental pharmacological research that teases out the distinct effects of progestagens from those of estrogens. Additionally, the key literature on puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, perimenopause, hormonal contraceptives, and menopausal hormone therapy is reviewed, although conclusions are limited by the nested effects of progestagens and estrogens.</div><div>Single study-findings suggest an influence of progesterone on amygdala reactivity related to processing of emotional stimuli and memory. In patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, progesterone receptor modulation improves premenstrual mood symptoms and potentially enhances fronto-cingulate control over emotion processing. The interaction between progestagens and the systems involved in the regulation of stress seems to influence subjective experiences of mood and stress. Sparse studies investigating the effects of progestin-only contraceptives suggest effects of progestagens on the brain, mood, and stress. Progesterone and progestins used for contraception can influence neural processes as myelination and neuroprotection, exerting protective effects against stroke. Concerning menopausal hormonal therapy, the effects of progestins are largely unknown.</div><div>Levels of progesterone as well as type, administration route, timing, dose regimen, metabolism, and intracellular activity of progestins in hormonal contraceptives and menopausal hormonal therapy are factors whose effects remain to be elucidated. Altogether, current knowledge highlights the potential role of progestagens in females health but also calls for well-designed pharmaco-behavioral studies disentangling the effects of progestagens from those of estrogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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