{"title":"Pituitary multi-hormone cells in mammals and fish: history, origin, and roles","authors":"Romain Fontaine, Muhammad Rahmad Royan, Christiaan Henkel, Kjetil Hodne, Eirill Ager-Wick, Finn-Arne Weltzien","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vertebrate pituitary is a dynamic organ, capable of adapting its hormone secretion to different physiological demands. In this context, endocrinologists have debated for the past 40 years if endocrine cells are mono- or multi-hormonal. Since its establishment, the dominant “one cell, one hormone” model has been continuously challenged. In mammals, the use of advanced multi-staining approaches, sensitive gene expression techniques, and the analysis of tumor tissues have helped to quickly demonstrate the existence of pituitary multi-hormone cells. In fishes however, only recent advances in imaging and transcriptomics have enabled the identification of such cells. In this review, we first describe the history of the discovery of cells producing multiple hormones in mammals and fishes. We discuss the technical limitations that have led to uncertainties and debates. Then, we present the current knowledge and hypotheses regarding their origin and biological role, which provides a comprehensive review of pituitary plasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091302222000413/pdfft?md5=16eac614df2e9ff2b812f311db8f7f23&pid=1-s2.0-S0091302222000413-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40547741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tribute to Gian Carlo Panzica (17 August 1949–21 July 2022)","authors":"Jacques Balthazart","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101034"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40344798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesse M. Lacasse, Eamonn Gomez-Perales, Wayne G. Brake
{"title":"Modeling hormonal contraception in female rats: A framework for studies in behavioral neurobiology","authors":"Jesse M. Lacasse, Eamonn Gomez-Perales, Wayne G. Brake","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on hormonal contraceptives (HC) in animal models is lacking, and as a result, so is our understanding of the impact of HC on the brain and behavior. Here, we provide a review of the pharmacology of HC, as well as the methodology and best practices for designing a model of HC in female rats. We outline specific methodological considerations regarding dosing, route of administration, exposure time/timing, and selecting a control group. We also provide a framework outlining important levels of analysis for thinking about the impact of HC on behavioral and neurobiological outcomes. The purpose of this review is to equip researchers with foundational knowledge, and some basic elements of experimental design for future studies investigating the impact of HC on the brain and behavior of female rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40618539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kisspeptin neuron electrophysiology: Intrinsic properties, hormonal modulation, and regulation of homeostatic circuits","authors":"Bradley B. Jamieson , Richard Piet","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The obligatory role of kisspeptin (KISS1) and its receptor (KISS1R) in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis, puberty and fertility was uncovered in 2003. In the few years that followed, an impressive body of work undertaken in many species established that neurons producing kisspeptin orchestrate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron activity and subsequent GnRH and gonadotropin hormone secretory patterns, through kisspeptin-KISS1R signaling, and mediate many aspects of gonadal steroid hormone feedback regulation of GnRH neurons. Here, we review knowledge accrued over the past decade, mainly in genetically modified mouse models, of the electrophysiological properties of kisspeptin neurons and their regulation by hormonal feedback. We also discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of these cells within neuronal circuits that control GnRH neuron activity and GnRH secretion, energy balance and, potentially, other homeostatic and reproductive functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88593815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exerkines and long-term synaptic potentiation: Mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroplasticity","authors":"Wouter A.J. Vints , Oron Levin , Hakuei Fujiyama , Jeanine Verbunt , Nerijus Masiulis","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP)-related pathways, by products induced by physical exercise (i.e., exerkines), is a crucial aspect of the exercise-effect on the brain. This review summarizes synaptic pathways that are activated by exerkines and may potentiate LTP. For a total of 16 exerkines, we indicated how blood and brain exerkine levels are altered depending on the type of physical exercise (i.e., cardiovascular or resistance exercise) and how they respond to a single bout (i.e., acute exercise) or multiple bouts of physical exercise (i.e., chronic exercise). This information may be used for designing individualized physical exercise programs. Finally, this review may serve to direct future research towards fundamental gaps in our current knowledge regarding the biophysical interactions between muscle activity and the brain at both cellular and system levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091302222000164/pdfft?md5=8684c6a3f939fcdf822cd9e3faa94773&pid=1-s2.0-S0091302222000164-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72714497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods and considerations for the use of hormonal contraceptives in rat models of neurobehavior","authors":"Emily N. Hilz","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hormonal contraceptives (HCs), prescribed to millions of women around the world, alter the ovarian hormonal cycle resulting in neurobehavioral changes in HC users. Human epidemiological and experimental data has characterized some of these effects with oftentimes conflicting or irreproducible results, reflecting a dearth of research considering different compositions, routes of administration, or time-courses of HC use. Non-human animal research can model these effects and help elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which different HCs modulate neurobehavioral outcomes. Still, animal models using HCs are not well-established. This may be because the pharmacological profile of HCs – including the metabolism, receptor binding affinity, and neuromodulatory effects – is dynamic and not always clearly translatable between animals and humans. The current review addresses these issues and provides basic methods and considerations for the use of HCs in animal models of neurobehavior to help advance the field of behavioral neuroendocrinology and inform decisions regarding to women’s health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101011"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39987171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can animal models resemble a premenstrual dysphoric condition?","authors":"Estrada-Camarena Erika , Carolina López-Rubalcava","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Around 80% of women worldwide suffer mild Premenstrual Disorders (PMD) during their reproductive life. Up to a quarter are affected by moderate to severe symptoms, and between 3% and 8% experience a severe form. It is classified as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with predominantly physical symptoms and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) with psychiatric symptoms. The present review analyzes the factors associated with PMD and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian or Hypothalamus-Pituitary-adrenal axis and discusses the main animal models used to study PMDD. Evidence shows that the ovarian hormones participate in PMDD symptoms, and several points of regulation of their synthesis, metabolism, and target sites could be altered. PMDD is complex and implies several factors that require consideration when this condition is modeled in animals. Of particular interest are those points related to areas that may represent opportunities to develop new approximations to understand the mechanisms involved in PMDD and possible treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86302483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivia R. Ghosh-Swaby , Amy C. Reichelt , Paul A.S. Sheppard , Jeffrey Davies , Timothy J. Bussey , Lisa M. Saksida
{"title":"Metabolic hormones mediate cognition","authors":"Olivia R. Ghosh-Swaby , Amy C. Reichelt , Paul A.S. Sheppard , Jeffrey Davies , Timothy J. Bussey , Lisa M. Saksida","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent biochemical and behavioural evidence indicates that metabolic hormones not only regulate energy intake and nutrient content, but also modulate plasticity and cognition in the central nervous system. Disruptions in metabolic hormone signalling may provide a link between metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes, and cognitive impairment. For example, altered metabolic homeostasis in obesity is a strong determinant of the severity of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the evidence that eating behaviours and metabolic hormones—particularly ghrelin, leptin, and insulin—are key players in the delicate regulation of neural plasticity and cognition. Caloric restriction and antidiabetic therapies, both of which affect metabolic hormone levels can restore metabolic homeostasis and enhance cognitive function. Thus, metabolic hormone pathways provide a promising target for the treatment of cognitive decline.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76699888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie Thomas , Caroline Gurvich , Katherine Huang , Paul R. Gooley , Christopher W. Armstrong
{"title":"The underlying sex differences in neuroendocrine adaptations relevant to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","authors":"Natalie Thomas , Caroline Gurvich , Katherine Huang , Paul R. Gooley , Christopher W. Armstrong","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex multisystem disease characterised by severe and disabling new-onset symptoms of post-exertional malaise (PEM), fatigue, brain fog, and sleep dysfunction that lasts for at least six months. Accumulating evidence suggests that sex and endocrine events have a significant influence on symptom onset and moderation of ME/CFS, with female sex being one of the most consistent and credible predictive risk factors associated with diagnosis. Such sex differences suggest sex chromosomes and sex steroids may play a part in the development of the condition or moderation of symptoms, although this has yet to be explored in detail.</p></div><div><h3>Methods/Aims</h3><p>This narrative review outlines sex differences in ME/CFS in terms of vulnerability factors and clinical phenotype and explores the known sex differences in neuroendocrine systems affected in ME/CFS and how this may relate to disease risk, onset, pathophysiology, and potential treatment avenues.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There is clear evidence of a sex dimorphism with regards to prevalence (3:1 female preponderance), clinical phenotypes, and aetiological triggers prior to symptom onset of ME/CFS. Endocrinological events, particularly those throughout the female lifespan, are associated with ME/CFS and include reproductive menstrual cycle fluctuations, pregnancy, post-partum and perimenopause. Further, there is evidence for gonadal sex, adrenal stress and renal neuroendocrine systems as implicated in ME/CFS, including changes in estrogen, progesterone compounds, aldosterone, and cortisol levels, of which there are established sex differences. The broad effects of steroid hormones on the physiological systems may also speak to the diversity of ME/CFS symptomatology observed in patients. Further attention must be paid to sex, age, and steroid biology in ME/CFS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77891173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal , Daniel P. Cardinali , Nevin F.W. Zaki , Ramanujam Karthikeyan , David Warren Spence , Russel J. Reiter , Gregory M. Brown
{"title":"Timing is everything: Circadian rhythms and their role in the control of sleep","authors":"Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal , Daniel P. Cardinali , Nevin F.W. Zaki , Ramanujam Karthikeyan , David Warren Spence , Russel J. Reiter , Gregory M. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Sleep and the circadian clock are intertwined and have persisted throughout history. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) orchestrates sleep by controlling circadian (Process C) and homeostatic (Process S) activities. As a “hand” on the endogenous circadian clock, </span>melatonin is critical for sleep regulation. Light serves as a cue for sleep/wake control by activating retino-recipient cells in the SCN and subsequently suppressing melatonin. Clock genes are the molecular timekeepers that keep the 24 h cycle in place. Two main sleep and behavioural disorder diagnostic manuals have now officially recognised the importance of these processes for human health and well-being. The body's ability to respond to daily demands with the least amount of effort is maximised by carefully timing and integrating all components of sleep and waking. In the brain, the organization of timing is essential for optimal brain physiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12469,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39823568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}