Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Alternative splicing is a driving force that tunes metabolic adaptations to virulence traits in the dermatophyte <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>.","authors":"Marcos E Ramos Lopes, João Neves-da-Rocha, Pablo R Sanches, Vanderci M Oliveira, Antonio Rossi, Nilce M Martinez-Rossi","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1645525","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1645525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alternative splicing (AS), a common process in pathogenic fungal species, is not fully understood. We hypothesized that AS is a critical regulatory mechanism that enables species to undergo continuous adaptations during interactions with challenging host environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized the model species <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> to contextualize the role of AS in fungal physiology and virulence. We performed transcriptome-wide splicing analysis to search for AS events in RNA-sequencing data of <i>T. rubrum</i> grown in keratin. This scenario mimicked infection <i>in vitro</i> and allowed us to map biologically relevant splicing events.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Overall, the results showed that AS is recruited to regulate approximately 12.6% of the <i>T. rubrum</i> genome under an infection-like scenario. We extended this analysis to <i>ex vivo</i> infection models of <i>T. rubrum</i> grown on human nails and cocultured them with human HaCaT keratinocytes. We found that AS affects a wide range of cellular processes, including amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, cell signaling, protein folding and transport, transcription, and translation. We showed that transcription factors such as PacC and Ap1 govern the major features of fungal virulence and metabolism and are controlled by the spliceosome machinery under different infection-like conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data indicate that mRNA isoforms originating from AS contribute to the adaptation of <i>T. rubrum</i>, demonstrating that AS of transcription factor genes plays a central role in fungal pathogenesis. The transcription and splicing machinery tune fungal physiology to achieve an optimal metabolic balance in virulence traits during infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1645525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of co-existing bacteria in platelets by employing long-term culturomics and metagenomics.","authors":"Qiqi Wang, Mengyi Zhao, Anqing Liu, Yuwei Zhao, Zhenxin Fan, Yang Huang, Zhan Gao, Miao He","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1607554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1607554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacterial contamination of platelets presents a substantial risk in transfusion medicine. Conventional detection approaches have limitations in sensitivity and bacterial coverage. In this study we employed culturomics and metagenomics to investigate co-existent bacteria in platelets, aiming to enhance transfusion safety and explore healthy bacteremia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Platelet from 6 healthy donors underwent a 30-days extensive cultivation and isolation procedure using in-house culturomics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16S rRNA sequencing identified 90 bacterial strains across 3 phyla, 5 classes, 5orders, 7 families, 9 genera, and 23 species. Metagenomics sequencing revealed greater microbial diversity, detecting an average of 3018 microbial species per sample. The bacteria concurrently detected by both culturomics and metagenomics included species from Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This combined approach validates the presence of bacteria in platelets, likely originating from the skin, gut, oral cavity, environment, or bloodstream, providing a comprehensive strategy for bacterial identification in transfusion products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1607554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and colorectal cancer.","authors":"Yan Cui","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1604651","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1604651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the correlation between inflammation and gut microbiota characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) through a retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, non-interventional study included a total of 200 subjects, of which 150 were colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 50 were healthy individuals. The study retrospectively reviewed hospital and laboratory archives and records from 2015 to 2020. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-beta (IL-1β), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and CRC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects in the colorectal cancer (CRC) group exhibited a higher proportion of Firmicutes (47.2% <i>vs</i>. 39.0%). Levels of both Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly elevated in the CRC group, while Bacteroidetes levels were lower. Additionally, elevated levels of inflammatory markers were observed in the CRC group, including C-reactive protein (CRP: 9.8 mg/L <i>vs</i>. 4.1 mg/L, P<0.01), interleukin-6 (IL-6: 14.5 pg/mL <i>vs</i>. 6.2 pg/mL, P<0.01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α: 9.2 pg/mL <i>vs</i>. 4.3 pg/mL, P<0.01), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β: 5.8 pg/mL <i>vs</i>. 3.6 pg/mL, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that higher levels of Firmicutes (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.5, P<0.01) and Proteobacteria (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.9, P<0.01) were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC. Elevated levels of CRP (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.8-5.3, P<0.01) and IL-6 (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 2.0-5.8, P<0.01) were also significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant correlation between changes in gut microbiota composition and cytokine levels with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1604651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the gastric microbiota based on body mass index using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.","authors":"Sang Hoon Lee, Eun Bae Kim, Sung Chul Park, Seung-Joo Nam, Hyunseok Cho, Han Jo Jeon, Sang Pyo Lee","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1651316","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1651316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by various factors, including the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between the gastric microbiota and obesity remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the composition of gastric microbiota, excluding <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, in relation to body mass index (BMI) and metabolic indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty participants undergoing health checkups were classified into three groups-normal weight (BMI 18.5-22.9), overweight (BMI 23.0-24.9), and obese (BMI ≥25.0)-with ten individuals per group. Those with <i>H. pylori</i> infection, atrophic gastritis, or intestinal metaplasia were excluded. Gastric microbiota from four antral biopsies per subject were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and functional profiling by metagenomic prediction.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Alpha diversity (Gini-Simpson index) was significantly lower in the combined overweight/obese group than that in the normal group (<i>P</i>=0.049). Beta diversity analysis revealed clear group separation (Bray-Curtis, <i>P</i>=0.005; unweighted UniFrac, <i>P</i>=0.004). Significant species differences between the groups were observed; specifically, the abundances of <i>Muribaculum gordoncarteri</i>, <i>Turicibacter bilis</i>, and <i>Duncaniella dubosii</i>, were significantly reduced in the overweight/obese group. Functional predictions showed differential enrichment of pathways related to fatty acid, amino acid, vitamin, and carbohydrate metabolism across BMI categories. These findings suggest that alterations in the gastric microbiota may be linked to obesity and metabolic dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1651316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Prevalence and transmission of emerging and replicating animal viruses.","authors":"Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Ning Kong, Li Liangliang, Yongkun Du, Rui M Gil da Costa","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1683873","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1683873","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1683873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy and porcine circovirus infection: a mini review.","authors":"Xiaoyong Chen, Xi Chen, Ziding Yu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1667956","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1667956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine circovirus (PCV), particularly PCV type 2 (PCV2), is a major pathogen driving porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), causing significant economic losses in the swine industry. Accumulating evidence highlights autophagy as a critical host-pathogen interface during PCV infection. PCV2 activates autophagy through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling and metabolic regulators like the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, creating a conducive environment for viral persistence. Concurrently, this virus exploits ubiquitin ligases to induce ubiquitination of cellular immune factors, promoting selective autophagy for immune evasion. Host factors, such as retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), act as restriction factors by counteracting viral strategies through autophagy modulation. Environmental stressors could exacerbate PCV2 pathogenesis by amplifying ROS-dependent autophagy, while interventions like taurine mitigate viral replication via ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway inhibition. This mini-review synthesizes current understandings of PCV-autophagy crosstalk, emphasizing its critical role as a host vulnerability and therapeutic target. Understanding the intricate interplay between autophagy and PCV infection may unveil novel therapeutic targets, such as autophagy modulators, to mitigate viral replication and immune pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1667956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of group B <i>Streptococcus</i> in pregnant women and neonates from Haikou, China: implications for vaccine development and antimicrobial stewardship.","authors":"Wenhui Mai, Huiting Wang, Qiaoyi Meng, Jingyi Zhang, Xinyi Gong, Zhulin Zhuo, Jinlei Sui, Xiaowen He, Yan Wang, Juan Li, Jianping Xu, Jinyan Wu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1655649","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1655649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) is a major cause of pregnancy complication and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing regions. Despite its clinical importance, data on the molecular epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors of GBS in tropical regions are scarce. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of GBS strains from pregnant women and neonates in Haikou, a tropical city in China, via antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Our results grouped the 138 strains of GBS into seven serotypes and 28 multilocus sequence types (STs). These STs belonged to six clonal complexes (CCs). High antibiotic resistance rates were observed for tetracycline (89.1%) and clindamycin (55.1%) and the commonly detected resistance genes included <i>mreA</i> (100%), <i>ermB</i> (52.9%) and <i>tetM</i> (41.3%). Each strain contained at least one Pili-island (PI) gene and the capsular polysaccharide antigen among the GBS isolates were variably associated with CCs. All strains carried virulence genes <i>cfb</i> and <i>cylE</i>, followed by <i>pavA</i> (99.3%), and <i>lmb</i> (66.7%) etc. Our analyses showed ST862 as a dominant and potentially zoonotic genotype in Haikou, China, with implications for both human and animal health. The high prevalence of tetracycline and clindamycin resistance underscores the need for judicious antibiotic use and the development of region-specific antibiotic treatment guidelines. The discovery of novel STs and broad distributions of several virulence factors provide valuable insights for future vaccine development and targeted interventions in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1655649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of <i>Ganqichengpi</i> syndrome diarrhea and <i>Tongxie Yaofang</i> intervention on the intestinal mucosal microbiota and neurochemical substances.","authors":"Chengxing Long, Yan Liu, Zizhen Yu, Jialin Liu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1651581","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1651581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the regulatory effect of <i>Tongxie Yaofang</i> prescription on intestinal mucosal microbiota in mice with <i>Ganqichengpi</i> syndrome diarrhea by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Ganqichengpi</i> syndrome diarrhea model was replicated via the <i>Folium senna</i> extract combined with restraint and tail pinch stress. After the model was successfully replicated, the treatment was carried out with the <i>Tongxie Yaofang</i>. Once the modeling and treatment experiments were completed, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes of liver tissues were detected by HE staining technology, and the characteristics of intestinal mucosal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that modeling significantly increased the levels of VIP and BDNF, and significantly decreased the level of 5-HT. After the intervention of <i>Tongxie Yaofang</i>, the level of BDNF remained high, but it had no significant effect on 5-HT and VIP. The results of the relative abundance of microbiota showed that Bacillota was the main microbiota in the intestinal mucosa and occupied an absolute dominant position. At the phylum level, the modeling of <i>Ganqichengpi</i> syndrome diarrhea increased the relative abundance of Bacillota, significantly raising the ratio of Bacillota to Bacteroides. After treatment with <i>Tongxie Yaofang</i>, they basically returned to the normal group level. At the genus level, <i>Clostridiaceae Candidatus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus</i> were the top three dominant genera. Modeling reduced the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and increased the relative abundance of <i>Clostridiaceae Candidatus</i>. After the treatment with <i>Tongxie Yaofang</i>, the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> increased, while <i>Clostridiaceae Candidatus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> decreased. The LEfSe analysis results indicated that <i>Lactobacillus</i> was the biomarker genus in the normal group in the modeling experiments. Under the condition of an LDA threshold of 4, no biomarker genera were found in each group in the treatment experiment, but the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> significantly increased in the treatment group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The therapeutic effect of <i>Tongxie Yaofang</i> was achieved by altering the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, the dominant microbiota in the intestinal mucosa, through three possible pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1651581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic value of RNA-mNGS and DNA-mNGS in differentiating bacterial infection from colonization in the lower respiratory tract.","authors":"Yuanfang Duan, Qin Li, Haitao Fei, Jiafu Song, Caiyun Xu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1639148","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1639148","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS) has been widely used in the pathogenetic diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections. However, the interpretation of pathogens detected by mNGS remains inconclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study aimed to compare the differential diagnostic value of sequencing reads and the relative abundance of bacteria detected by RNA-mNGS versus DNA-mNGS in distinguishing between bacterial infection and colonization in the lower respiratory tract.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The hospitalized patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infections who had completed RNA-mNGS and DNA-mNGS testing at our hospital from June 2021 to December 2023 were reviewed and divided into two groups: the infected group and the colonized group, based on their final diagnoses. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in the number of bacterial sequencing reads and relative abundance between the two groups; the predictive capability of bacterial sequencing reads and relative abundance for identifying bacterial infections was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 69 eligible patients were enrolled, with 85 detections of the four target bacterial species (&lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Corynebacterium striatum&lt;/i&gt;) identified: 46 in infected patients and 39 in colonized patients. The number of sequencing reads and relative abundance of bacterial RNA and DNA in the pathogenic bacteria were significantly higher than those in the non-pathogenic bacteria (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-values &lt;0.01). ROC curves were used to evaluate the performance of the sequencing reads and relative abundance of bacterial species in predicting the responsible pathogens. The AUC value for RNA relative abundance was the highest at 0.991 (95% CI: 0.977-1.000, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), with a cutoff value of 26.28%, a sensitivity of 0.957, and a specificity of 0.974. In the DNA-mNGS results, the AUC value for the ratio of the sequencing reads between the first and the second ranked bacterial sequences in predicting bacterial infection was [0.835 (95% CI: 0.742-0.928), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001], and the AUC value for the ratio of relative abundance in predicting bacterial infection was [0.839 (95% CI: 0.749-0.929), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001)], both having a cutoff value of 47.26, a sensitivity of 0.644 and a specificity of 0.929.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Bacterial relative abundance and sequencing reads can serve as indicators to distinguish between infection and colonization, and the relative abundance based on RNA-mNGS exhibits the best differential diagnostic performance; when DNA-mNGS results stand alone, the relative abundance of the detected bacteria and the ratio of relative abundance between the first-ranked and the second-ranked detected bacteria can be utilized for a comprehen","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1639148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Extrapulmonary manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects.","authors":"Monica Catarina Botelho, Anello Marcello Poma, Jian Wu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1688071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1688071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1688071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}