Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the intestinal microbiota of <i>Exopalaemon annandalei</i> and <i>Exopalaemon carinicauda</i> in the Yangtze River estuary.","authors":"Jiahao Wang, Guangpeng Feng, Zhiqiang Han, Tao Zhang, Jinhui Chen, Jianhui Wu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1420928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1420928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in food webs, carbon cycling, and related elements. <i>Exopalaemon annandalei</i> and <i>Exopalaemon carinicauda</i> are two important forage species in the Yangtze River estuary with extremely similar living habits and morphological characteristics. Exploring the microorganisms in the guts of these two shrimp species can help us understand the survival status of forage species and gut microbiota in the Yangtze River estuary. Therefore, this study analyzed the similarities and differences in the intestinal flora of <i>E. annandalei</i> and <i>E. carinicauda</i> through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the intestinal flora of <i>E. annandalei</i> and <i>E. carinicauda</i> at the phylum level were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, respectively. At the genus level, the intestinal flora had higher concentrations of <i>Psychrobacter</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, and <i>Macrococcus</i>. In both shrimp species, the contents of <i>Acinetobacter</i> and <i>Macrococcus</i> were higher in spring than in winter. The most important potential functions of the intestinal microbiota were amino acid metabolism and purine metabolism. Additionally, the functions of metabolism and diseases in the intestinal microbiota of <i>E. annandalei</i> were greatly influenced by the season. Furthermore, the experimental results indicated that a lower ratio of <i>Firmicutes</i> to <i>Bacteroidetes</i> was associated with a larger body weight in shrimp. Overall, this study provides a theoretical reference for understanding the intestinal bacterial community of shrimp in estuaries and the healthy cultivation of <i>E. annandalei</i> and <i>E. carinicauda</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of immune sensor responses to a viral small noncoding RNA.","authors":"Mehmet Kara, Scott A Tibbetts","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1459256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1459256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gammaherpesviruses are widespread pathogens causing persistent infections linked to the development of numerous types of lymphomas in humans. During latency, most of the viral protein-coding genes are suppressed, facilitating evasion of adaptive immune recognition of protein antigens. In contrast, many noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules are expressed in infected cells and can regulate key cellular pathways while simultaneously evading adaptive immune recognition. To counteract this, many cells express internal pattern recognition receptors that can intrinsically sense ongoing infections and initiate cellular defenses. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is a valuable model to study <i>in vivo</i> aspects of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis. The MHV68 ncRNA TMER4 (tRNA-miRNA-encoding RNA 4) promotes lymph node egress of infected B cells: in the absence of TMER4, MHV68-infected B cells accumulate in the lymph node in a manner similar to B cells activated through specific antigen encounter.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We hypothesized that TMER4 may alter intrinsic immune activation. In research described here, we aimed to explore the immunomodulatory functions of TMER4 by evaluating its impact on signaling through the critical immune sensors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR3, TLR7, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). To accomplish this, we developed a system to test noncoding RNAs using commercially available reporter cell lines. We optimized the experimental procedure to ensure ncRNA expression and to quantify immune sensory molecule induction or inhibition by the expressed ncRNA.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Expression of TMER4 RNAs from plasmid constructs did not alter TLR or RIG-I signaling. This study provides a clear experimental framework that can be applied to test other small ncRNAs for their impact on various innate immune sensor proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional analysis of the impact of Gemmatimonas, Rhodothermus, and Sutterella on drug and treatment response in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Shaowen Jin, Wa Zhong, Bo Li, Kaimei Wang, Dongming Lai","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1457461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1457461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer across the globe. Despite a diversity of treatment methods, the recurrence and mortality rates of the disease remain high. Recent studies have revealed a close association of the gut microbiota with the occurrence, development, treatment response, and prognosis of colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to integrate transcriptome and microbiome data to identify colorectal cancer subtypes associated with different gut microbiota and evaluate their roles in patient survival prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and drug treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An integrated analysis of microbiome data was conducted on samples of colorectal cancer from public databases. Based on this, two tumor subtypes (C1 and C2) closely associated with patient survival prognosis were identified and a risk score model was constructed. The survival status, clinical parameters, immune scores, and other features were analyzed in-depth, and the sensitivity of various potential drugs was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A thorough examination of microbiome information obtained from colorectal cancer patients led to the identification of two primary tumor clusters (C1 and C2), exhibiting notable variations in survival outcomes. Patients with the C1 subtype were closely associated with better prognosis, while those with the C2 subtype had higher gut microbial richness and poorer survival prognosis. A predictive model utilizing the microbiome data was developed to accurately forecast the survival outcome of patients with colorectal cancer. The TME scores provided a biological basis for risk assessment in high-risk (similar to the C2 subtype) patient cohorts. Evaluation of the sensitivity of different subtypes to various potential drugs, indicated the critical importance of personalized treatment. Further analysis showed good potential of the developed risk-scoring model in predicting immune checkpoint functions and treatment response of patients, which may be crucial in guiding the selection of immunotherapy strategies for patients with colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study, through a comprehensive analysis of colorectal cancer microbiome, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity, enhances the current understanding of the multidimensional interactions of colorectal cancer and provides important clinical indications for improving future treatment strategies. The findings offer a new perspective on improving treatment response and long-term prognosis of patients with CRC through the regulation of microbiota or the utilization of biomarkers provided by it.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut bacteria: an etiological agent in human pathological conditions.","authors":"Md Minarul Islam, Nasir Uddin Mahbub, Seong-Tshool Hong, Hea-Jong Chung","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1291148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1291148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through complex interactions with the host's immune and physiological systems, gut bacteria play a critical role as etiological agents in a variety of human diseases, having an impact that extends beyond their mere presence and affects the onset, progression, and severity of the disease. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these microbial interactions is crucial to improving our understanding of disease pathogenesis and creating tailored treatment methods. Correcting microbial imbalances may open new avenues for disease prevention and treatment approaches, according to preliminary data. The gut microbiota exerts an integral part in the pathogenesis of numerous health conditions, including metabolic, neurological, renal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal problems as well as COVID-19, according to recent studies. The crucial significance of the microbiome in disease pathogenesis is highlighted by this role, which is comparable to that of hereditary variables. This review investigates the etiological contributions of the gut microbiome to human diseases, its interactions with the host, and the development of prospective therapeutic approaches. To fully harness the benefits of gut microbiome dynamics for improving human health, future research should address existing methodological challenges and deepen our knowledge of microbial interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The RNA m⁵C methyltransferase NSUN1 modulates human malaria gene expression during intraerythrocytic development.","authors":"Ruoyu Tang, Yanting Fan, BinBin Lu, Qunfeng Jiang, Xinyu Cheng, Zuping Zhang, Li Shen, Xiaomin Shang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1474229","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1474229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> is the most damaging malaria pathogen and brings a heavy burden to global health. Host switching and morphological changes in <i>P. falciparum</i> are dependent on an effective gene expression regulatory system. C5 methylation of cytosines is a common RNA modification in eukaryotes, and the NSUN family are essential m⁵C modification executors. Currently, little is known about this family in <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. In this study, we focus on exploring the function of <i>PfNSUN1</i> protein.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An efficient CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique was applied to construct the <i>PfNSUN1</i> knockdown strain. The knockdown efficiency was confirmed by growth curves and western blot experiments. The knockdown transcriptome data was acquired to find differentially expressed genes, and target genes of <i>PfNSUN1</i> protein were identified by RNA immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The efficiency of <i>PfNSUN1</i> protein down-regulated was about 34%. RNA-seq data revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly down-regulated. And there were 224, 278, 556 genes that were down-regulated with more than 2-fold changes and p-adj<0.05 at ring, trophozoite and schizont stages, respectively. <i>PfNSUN1</i> protein was significantly enriched on 154 target genes, including 28S ribosomal RNA and <i>pfap2-g5</i> transcription factor.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong><i>PfNSUN1</i> is a crucial RNA post-transcriptional modification protein in <i>P. falciparum</i>. It plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression and parasite growth by targeting 28S ribosomal RNA and <i>pfap2-g5</i> transcription factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophage-mediated approaches for biofilm control.","authors":"Arianna Mayorga-Ramos, Saskya E Carrera-Pacheco, Carlos Barba-Ostria, Linda P Guamán","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428637","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilms are complex microbial communities in which planktonic and dormant bacteria are enveloped in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and DNA. These multicellular structures present resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatments, including antibiotics. The formation of biofilms raises considerable concern in healthcare settings, biofilms can exacerbate infections in patients and compromise the integrity of medical devices employed during treatment. Similarly, certain bacterial species contribute to bulking, foaming, and biofilm development in water environments such as wastewater treatment plants, water reservoirs, and aquaculture facilities. Additionally, food production facilities provide ideal conditions for establishing bacterial biofilms, which can serve as reservoirs for foodborne pathogens. Efforts to combat antibiotic resistance involve exploring various strategies, including bacteriophage therapy. Research has been conducted on the effects of phages and their individual proteins to assess their potential for biofilm removal. However, challenges persist, prompting the examination of refined approaches such as drug-phage combination therapies, phage cocktails, and genetically modified phages for clinical applications. This review aims to highlight the progress regarding bacteriophage-based approaches for biofilm eradication in different settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal susceptibility, molecular epidemiology, and clinical risk factors of <i>Candida glabrata</i> in intensive care unit in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Si-Jia Huang, Geng Lv, Yi-Hui Song, Jun-Tao Zhao, Jin-Yan Liu, Lu-Ling Wang, Ming-Jie Xiang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1455145","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1455145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing incidence and high mortality rate of <i>Candida glabrata</i> infection in ICU patients is an important issue. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the antifungal susceptibility profiles and epidemiological characteristics in local regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antifungal drugs. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to study the strain genotype, geographical distribution, and susceptibility to antifungal agents among <i>C. glabrata</i> isolates. The mechanism of echinocandin resistance was explored by sequencing the <i>FKS1</i> and <i>FKS2</i> genes (encoding 1,3-β-D-glucan synthases) of echinocandin-resistant <i>C. glabrata</i> strains. Moreover, we further investigated the clinical manifestations and the various risk factors of patients infected with <i>C. glabrata</i> in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We selected 234 C<i>. glabrata</i> isolates from 234 patients in the ICU randomly for the follow-up study. Cross-resistance was found among the ICU <i>C. glabrata</i> isolates. Analysis using MLST showed that the genetic diversity among the <i>C. glabrata</i> isolates was low. Furthermore, sequence type showed no correlation with the antifungal resistance profiles, but was associated with geographical distribution. We also revealed novel mutations in FKS1 (S629P) and FKS2 (W1497stop) that mediated high-level echinocandin resistance (MIC >8 µg/mL). More than 14 days' stay in ICU (P=0.007), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score (P=0.024), prior antifungal exposure (P=0.039) and lung disease (P=0.036) were significantly associated with antifungal resistant/non-wild-type <i>C. glabrata</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shed light on the antifungal susceptibility, molecular epidemiology, and clinical risk factors of <i>C. glabrata</i> in the ICU of a Chinese Tertiary Hospital. Importantly, we revealed the molecular mechanism of echinocandin resistance. These results highlight the significance of continued surveillance in ICUs and provide data support for the treatment of <i>C. glabrata</i> in clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of antimicrobial components of the human-derived composite amnion-chorion membrane on bacterial growth.","authors":"Alexandra Su Brummerhop, Chun-Teh Lee, Robin Weltman, Gena D Tribble, Ransome van der Hoeven, Yulun Chiu, Jianming Hong, Bing-Yan Wang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1472737","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1472737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human-derived amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) has endogenous antimicrobial properties, which are important for preventing the colonization and survival of oral bacteria on exposed membranes. This project aimed to decipher the underlying mechanism by identifying the components of ACM that confer antibacterial properties. In addition, the antimicrobial efficacy of these identified components on oral bacteria was assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four antimicrobial proteins, histone H2A/H2B, cathelicidin LL-37, lactoferrin, and lysozyme, were identified via mass spectrometry in ACM. These proteins were then assessed for their efficacy in killing <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i> Challis. Log-phased bacterial cells were cultured with the commercially available proteins that were identified in ACM, either individually or in combination, at different concentrations. After incubation for 8 or 24 hours, the bacteria were stained with a live/dead viability kit and analyzed via confocal microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of these proteins effectively killed <i>S. gordonii</i> in a dose-dependent fashion after 8 or 24 hours of incubation. When each protein was tested individually, it killed <i>S. gordonii</i> at a much lower efficacy relative to the combinations. The synergistic effects of the antimicrobial protein combinations were also observed in both the viable cell count recovery and minimum inhibitory concentration assays.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>By shedding light on the mechanisms in the ACM's antimicrobial property, this study may raise more awareness of the potential benefit of utilization of a membrane with endogenous antimicrobial properties in regeneration surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tanreqing injection on the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers.","authors":"Shiyu Li, Wenxia Zhang, Sijie Liu, Yichen Zhou, Wei Liu, Weian Yuan, Min He","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428476","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Many studies have confirmed that antibacterial agents can disrupt the human gut microbiota. In China, Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a drug with antibacterial activity that is widely used in the treatment of respiratory infections. However, its specific influence on gut microbiota remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TRQ on the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy adults received 20 ml of TRQ intravenously daily for 7 consecutive days. At six timepoints (Pre, on D1, D3, D5, D7 and follow-up visit) fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven people were included in the analysis finally. TRQ did not significantly alter gut microbiota diversity or richness (Shannon and Simpson and Chao1 index) in healthy people during the intervention. Gut microbial structure was stable (weighted and unweighted Unifrac). Using a machine learning method based on PLS-DA analysis, the separation trend on D7 at the genus level was found, returning to baseline two days after discontinuation. The abundance of major genus fluctuated on D7 compared with that prior to treatment, including an increase of unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae (13.0611%), a decrease of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> (6.887%, 10.487%). Functional prediction analysis did not reveal any significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed short-term use of TRQ at conventional doses may not cause perturbations to the gut microbiota in healthy adults. This finding provides some useful information for the safe use of TRQ in the treatment of respiratory infections.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://www.medicalresearch.org.cn/, identifier MR-31-24-014367.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-26 expression in tuberculosis disease and its regulatory effect in macrophage polarization and intracellular elimination of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.","authors":"Kaisong Huang, Haijin Zhou, Mei Chen, Rui Chen, Xiaoping Wang, Qi Chen, Zhiyun Shi, Yanfang Liang, Luxin Yu, Ping Ouyang, Li Li, Dan Jiang, Guangxian Xu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1455819","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1455819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis(TB), an infectious disease caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) infections, remains the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious agent globally. The progression of tuberculosis disease is contingent upon the complex interplay between the host's immune system and the pathogen Mtb. Interleukin-26 (IL-26), the most recently identified cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family, exhibits both extracellular antimicrobial properties and pro-inflammatory functions. However, the precise role of IL-26 in the host immune defense against Mtb infections and intracellular killing remains largely unexplored. In this study, we observed significantly elevated IL-26 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of active-TB patients compared to healthy individuals. Conversely, circulating IL-26 levels in the plasma of adult TB patients were markedly lower than those of healthy cohorts. We purified recombinant IL-26 from an <i>E</i>. coli expression system using the Ni-NTA resin. Upon stimulations with the recombinant IL-26, human THP1 cells exhibited rapid morphological changes characterized by increased irregular spindle shape and formation of granular structures. Treating THP1 cells with IL-26 can also lead to heightened expressions of <i>CD80</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, and <i>iNOS</i> but not <i>CD206</i> and <i>Arg1</i> in these cells, indicating an M1 macrophage differentiation phenotype. Furthermore, our investigations revealed a dose-dependent escalation of reactive oxygen species production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced autophagy flux activity in THP1 macrophages following IL-26 treatment. Moreover, our results demonstrated that IL-26 contributed to the elimination of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis via orchestrated ROS production. In conclusion, our findings elucidated the role of IL-26 in the development of tuberculosis and its contributions to intracellular bacilli killing by macrophages through the induction of M1-polarization and ROS production. These insights may have significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}