Frontiers in Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"A mathematical model of insulin action on acinar tissue linking histology and radiological imaging of the pancreas.","authors":"John Virostko","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1676627","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1676627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pancreas is smaller in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The etiology of this reduced pancreatic volume is not fully understood, but it may be due to loss of insulin's trophic influence on exocrine pancreatic tissue. Supporting this, histological studies have identified a zone of acinar cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia surrounding pancreatic islets, putatively due to insulin action on peri-islet acinar tissue. This study develops a mathematical model of pancreas size incorporating beta cell density, beta cell clustering, and the magnitude and spatial extent of acinar cell expansion to estimate the relationship between beta cell mass and pancreas size. This model indicates that growth of acinar tissue surrounding the beta cell is sufficient to account for the smaller pancreas volume observed in individuals with diabetes. Furthermore, single beta cells and smaller beta cell clusters have a greater influence on pancreas size on a per cell basis, as larger islets have greater overlap in the zone of insulin action. Thus, changes in pancreas volume may be more sensitive to loss of single beta cells or small islets than larger islets. The model provides a conceptual framework linking histological and radiological imaging to better understand the relationship between pancreas volume and beta cell mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1676627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of SHR in risk stratification for long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease: findings from a large cohort study.","authors":"Wei Xu, Xiang Wang, Chenxi Xia, Xuyang Meng, Yi Li, Yejing Zhao, Chenguang Yang, Baoyu Feng, Zinan Zhao, Fang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1640725","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1640725","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Recently, the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR) - which integrates acute increases in blood glucose with long-term glycemic control levels - has shown independent predictive value for adverse events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the long-term prognostic significance of SHR in a broader population of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of SHR in prediction of long-term prognosis of CAD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this cohort study, we enrolled 23,591 participants diagnosed with CAD from January, 2016, to December, 2021 in Beijing Hospital. After excluding patients lacking data, with cancers, or missing follow-ups, 7,162 patients were finally enrolled into the analyses. The SHR was calculated using the following equation: SHR = admission glucose (mmol/L)/(1.59 × HbA1c [%]-2.59). The 7,162 participants were divided into three groups based on SHR tertiles: Tertile 1 (SHR ≤ 0.72, n=2391), Tertile 2 (0.73≤SHR ≤ 0.82, n=2388), and Tertile 3 group (SHR≥0.83, n=2383). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death (CVD), while the second endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The median follow-up was 28 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our results suggest that SHR was significantly associated with increased risks of long-term all-cause death, CVD death, and MACE. The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that the highest tertile (T3) group had the highest risk of all-cause death, CVD death, and MACE, while the lowest tertile (T1) group had the lowest risk (all log-rank P &lt; 0.05). After adjusting risk factors, the results of cox regression analyses showed that SHR was significantly associated with all three outcomes (all P &lt; 0.05). For all-cause death, SHR was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death in the fully adjusted model (Model 3: HR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.57 - 4.05, P &lt; 0.001). Compared to the lowest tertile (T1), participants in the highest tertile (T3) had a likely higher risk of all-cause death (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.87, P = 0.021). SHR also demonstrated a positive association with CVD death (Model 3: HR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.22 - 6.76, P = 0.016), and participants in T3 had a significantly higher risk of CVD death compared to T1 (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.11 - 3.40, P = 0.021). Additionally, SHR was also independently associated with MACE (Model 3: HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.21 - 2.38, P = 0.002). The risk of MACE was significantly higher in T3 compared to T1 (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.45, P = 0.031). The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis further confirmed a positive nonlinear association between SHR and these adverse outcomes (all-cause death, CVD death, and MACE) and exhibited a J-shaped curve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;SHR is significantly associated with long-term all-cause death, CVD death, and MACE in CAD patients. Our findings highlight SHR can be used as a valuable tool f","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1640725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient climatic conditions and semen quality: a comparative analysis across the periods before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Heeyon Kim, Soyeong Park, Yebon Kim, Yun Soo Chung, Jin Kyung Baek, Jeongmi Yoon, Chungsoon Ryu, Bo Hyon Yun, Young Sik Choi, Daewoo Pak, Seok Kyo Seo, Yohan Ko","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1660662","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1660662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ambient temperature and humidity can influence male reproductive function; however, it is unclear whether pandemic-related lifestyle and environmental changes modify this climatic susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,672 semen analysis records from 1,287 Korean men collected between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. Data analyses were conducted on a cohort in which some participants underwent multiple semen analyses across different visits. Semen quality data were linked to regional meteorological records for temperature and humidity across two exposure windows: 0-90 days and 70-90 days prior to semen collection. To address intra-subject correlations from repeated measurements, generalized linear mixed-effects models with a Tweedie distribution and log link function were applied. Associations between lagged environmental exposures and semen parameters-including volume, sperm concentration, motility, strict morphology, and total sperm count (TSC)-were evaluated. Subgroup analyses were further performed for the before COVID-19, during COVID-19, and after COVID-19 periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm concentration and TSC significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas semen volume declined over time. Sperm concentration increased after the COVID-19 period, compared to the before COVID-19 era. Elevated ambient temperature, particularly during the 70-90-day spermatogenesis-sensitive window, was significantly associated with decreased sperm concentration and TSC; however, only during the COVID-19 period. No consistent association between humidity and semen parameters was observed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest that pandemic-related changes may have amplified biological vulnerability to climatic stressors. Overall, semen quality improved during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, our findings indicate that this period was uniquely characterized by increased climatic sensitivity of spermatogenesis. This may reflect altered environmental exposure and lifestyle behaviors, highlighting the complex interactions between public health crises, human behavior, and male reproductive health. Future studies should incorporate detailed indoor climate and occupational exposure data to elucidate these associations further.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1660662"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and influencing factors of neuroendocrine dysfunction in patients with adult-onset craniopharyngioma.","authors":"Ying Guo, Songbai Gui, Pinan Liu, Yazhuo Zhang, Liyong Zhong, Jian Xu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1615720","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1615720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare neuroendocrine dysfunction patterns in adult-onset adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) and papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCPs) before and after surgery, and identify factors that influence neuroendocrine outcomes in these two histopathological types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 390 patients with adult-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) patients, including 272 patients with ACP and 118 patients with PCP. The pre- and post-operative neuroendocrine parameters were compared, and the factors that contributed to poor endocrine outcomes were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suprasellar tumor extension (83.1% <i>vs.</i> 70.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), mass effects (81.4% <i>vs.</i> 68.4%, <i>p</i><0.01), and pre-operative central diabetes insipidus (CDI; 35.6% <i>vs.</i> 21.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.02) rates were higher in the PCP group, when compared to the ACP group. However, both PCP and ACP patients presented with a post-operative increase in growth hormone deficiency (GHD), CDI, and hypothalamic-pituitary-target dysfunction (<i>p</i><0.05 <i>vs.</i> pre-operative baselines). Furthermore, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction (75.4% <i>vs.</i> 65.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and GHD (50.0% <i>vs.</i> 34.7%, <i>p</i><0.01) rates were higher in the ACP group, when compared to the PCP group. Surgical intervention had a greater detrimental effect on overall pituitary function in ACP patients, when compared to PCP patients. The ACP pathological type, larger tumors, and milder pre-operative endocrine dysfunction were associated with a significantly higher risk of postoperative pituitary hormone deficiencies (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical intervention may exacerbate pituitary dysfunction in adult patients with ACP and PCP, although different factors influence the adverse endocrine outcomes for these two pathological types.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1615720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Müllerian hormone as a biomarker of ovarian function and spontaneous puberty in Turner syndrome: a systematic review.","authors":"Bassam Bin-Abbas, Mosleh Jabari","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1640583","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1640583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Turner syndrome (TS), caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy, often leads to primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and pubertal delay. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a key biomarker of ovarian reserve, but its predictive role in spontaneous puberty and ovarian function in TS remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and included studies from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane (2000-2025). Nine studies (865 TS patients, 976 controls) were analyzed. Outcomes included AMH levels in TS versus controls, association with spontaneous puberty, and predictive value for fertility preservation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TS patients had significantly lower AMH levels than controls (weighted mean differences (WMD): -3.04 ng/mL, 95% CI: -3.26 to -2.83, p < 0.001). Detectable AMH correlated with spontaneous puberty (OR=5.12, 95% CI: 2.87-9.12), particularly in mosaic karyotypes. Subgroup analyses revealed assay variability, with ELISA-based methods detecting low but clinically relevant AMH levels. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness, and publication bias was minimal (Egger's p = 0.283).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AMH is a reliable biomarker for ovarian reserve and spontaneous puberty prediction in TS. Its integration into clinical practice may improve fertility counseling and hormone therapy timing. However, standardized assays and prospective studies are needed to optimize its diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, identifier CRD420251051633.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1640583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Efficacy and safety of dose-escalated Mazdutide, a GLP-1/GCGR dual agonist, in an adolescent with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperuricemia.","authors":"Wenfei Cheng, Zilong Chen, Puyu Li, Yingyu Zhang, Yujin Ma, Peng Liu, Hongwei Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1654506","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1654506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mazdutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor (GLP - 1/GCGR) dual agonist, has shown marked efficacy in glycemic control, weight loss, and metabolic improvement in adults. However, data in adolescents remain limited. This report explores its therapeutic potential in an adolescent with obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperuricemia (HUA).</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>We report the case of a 15-year-old male patient diagnosed with obesity (BMI: 30.64 kg/m²), type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c: 9.60%), and hyperuricemia (serum uric acid: 511 μmol/L). The patient underwent a dose-escalation regimen of Mazdutide (2 mg → 4 mg → 6 mg, administered subcutaneously once weekly) in combination with metformin and insulin to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 36 weeks, the patient showed significant improvement: weight decreased by 16.8 kg (18.89% BMI reduction), uric acid dropped by 37.00%, and HbA1c fell by 21.88%. No hypoglycemic episodes occurred. Lipid levels improved notably: triglycerides fell by 69.02%, total cholesterol by 13.65%, and LDL cholesterol by 17.27%. Hepatic steatosis resolved by week 14, as confirmed by ultrasound. No adverse events were reported, and benefits were sustained post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mazdutide exhibited robust metabolic efficacy and good tolerability in an adolescent with obesity, T2DM, and HUA. It improved glycemic control, reduced weight and uric acid, reversed steatosis, and modulated lipid profiles. These findings support its potential as a comprehensive treatment for adolescent metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1654506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose tissue quantity, distribution and pathology and its relationship with type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance and other clustering disease risk in South Asians: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Aditya Saxena, Sanjay Saran, Praveen Choudhary, Balram Sharma, Shalu Gupta, Rajendra Mandia, Ramesh C Banshiwal, Ravinder Kumar Lamoria, Anurag Dhakad, Utkarsh Raj, Pradeep Tiwari, Sandeep Kumar Mathur","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1622732","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1622732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>South Asians exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that may predispose them to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Adipose tissue dysfunction, including abnormal fat distribution and inflammatory processes, has been implicated in metabolic deterioration. However, the specific contributions of adipocyte hypertrophy, ectopic fat accumulation, and immune-related changes remain unclear. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for refining metabolic health interventions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 322 individuals (110 diabetics, 212 non-diabetics) underwent comprehensive clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessments. Body fat distribution, visceral fat, and ectopic liver fat were quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Adipose biopsies were performed to examine adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration across subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT), and femoral fat depots. Metabolic parameters, including MetS score and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were correlated with adipose characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>compared to non-diabetics, diabetics demonstrated significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, total fat mass, and ectopic liver fat (<i>P</i> < 0.05). While visceral and lower limb fat masses were similar after BMI adjustment, ectopic liver fat remained markedly elevated in diabetics (<i>P</i> = 0.002). Adipocyte hypertrophy was detected in visceral and femoral fat (<i>P</i> = 0.01), with an increased inflammatory macrophage-ratio (M1/M2) observed in subcutaneous fat (<i>P</i> = 0.006). Strong correlations were identified between MetS score, HOMA-IR, BMI, visceral adipocyte size, ectopic liver fat, and macrophage ratio (<i>P</i> < 0.001). However, regional adipose mass lost its correlation with IR and MetS after adjusting for adipocyte size. Inflammatory markers and adipose dysfunction appeared to be central to metabolic deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These insights suggest that interventions aimed at reducing adipocyte hypertrophy, ectopic fat accumulation, and adipose inflammation may offer more targeted strategies for improving metabolic health in South Asians.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1622732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Wenhua Zhang, Xun Li, Qiang He, Xiaoqiang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1597046","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1597046","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the impact of exercise on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women through meta-analysis, and to offer evidence-based guidance for preventing and managing osteoporosis in this population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched PubMed, Embase, and other databases using keywords such as \"exercise,\" \"postmenopausal women,\" and \"bone metabolism\" to identify randomized controlled trials published up to 2024 on the effect of exercise on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata17. Study quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Effect sizes were pooled as standardized mean differences(&lt;i&gt;SMDs&lt;/i&gt;)with 95% confidence intervals(&lt;i&gt;CIs&lt;/i&gt;), and heterogeneity was evaluated with the I²statistic. A fixed-effects model was used when &lt;i&gt;I²&lt;/i&gt;≤50%; otherwise, a random-effects model was applied. The overall evidence certainty was rated using the Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation(GRADE)system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A meta-analysis of 24 studies(1067 subjects total)showed that exercise significantly elevated the levels of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = 0.49, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.21-0.77, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0006), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen(P1NP)(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = 0.62, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.24 to 1.01, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002)and osteocalcin(OC)(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = 0.21, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.05 to 0.37, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01); exercise significantly reduced the levels of parathyroid hormone(PTH)(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.51, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: -0.77 to -0.25, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001)and type I collagen cross-linked C-terminal peptide(CTX)(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.32, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: -0.51to-0.12, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that aerobic exercise(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.35, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: -0.65 to -0.06, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) significantly reduced CTX levels, while both aerobic exercise(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = 0.23, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.01 to 0.44, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04)and resistance exercise(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = 0.65, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.10 to 1.20, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02)significantly increased OC levels. Exercise interventions lasting ≤6 months(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.45, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: -0.72 to -0.18, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001)and sessions of ≤60 min(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt;=-0.48, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: -0.80 to -0.17, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003)both significantly reduced CTX levels, exercise interventions lasting ≤6 months(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = 0.35, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.13 to 0.57, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002)and sessions of ≤60 min(&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = 0.20, 95% &lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.01 to 0.39, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04)can significantly both increase OC levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Exercise significantly improves bone metabolism in postmenopausal women by reducing bone resorption and promoting bone formation. Aerobic exercise lowers CTX levels, while both aerobic and resistance exercise increase OC levels. Short-term (≤6 months) and moderate-length (≤60 minutes/session) interventions are particul","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1597046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rhPTH(1-34) and alendronate on the treatment of type 2 diabetic bone disease.","authors":"Huijuan Li, Lingdan Yuan, Peipei Liu, Yichen Liu, Dongni Huang, Huiru Ding, Wei Jin, Jingnan Liu, Hongxia Wang, Lige Song","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1657481","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1657481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have decreased bone turnover levels. However, there are few studies comparing the anti-osteoporosis effects of anabolic drugs and anti-resorptive drugs in patients with T2DM. Thus, this study was designed to compare the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover levels in mice and postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, both with and without T2DM, following treatment with rhPTH(1-34) or alendronate (ALN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the animal study, the mouse model of T2DM (DM mice) was established by high-fat diet (60% from fat) feeding and streptozotocin injection (100 mg/kg) in C57BL/6 mice. Both DM and control (CON) mice were then randomly assigned to receive either normal saline, rhPTH or ALN treatment. In the clinical study, a single-center, prospective, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis (OP) and postmenopausal patients with both osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes (DOP) were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either rhPTH(1-34) or ALN treatment for a period of one year. Changes in BMD and bone turnover levels were assessed in all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to CON mice, DM mice exhibited decreased bone mass, impaired bone microstructure and, decreased levels of bone turnover markers, including procollagen type I intact N-terminal (P1NP) and C terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX). rhPTH(1-34) could reverse the low bone turnover observed in DM mice and had a better effect on improving BMD, bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number in femoral trabecular bone, as well as BMD, BV/TV, and trabecular thickness in lumbar trabecular bone. In the clinical trial, at baseline, patients with DOP also exhibited decreased levels of bone turnover markers, including P1NP, CTX and osteocalcin. For patients with DOP, rhPTH(1-34) had a better effect than ALN on BMD improvement at the lumbar spine. Notably, the effect of ALN on lumbar spine improvement in patients with DOP was even smaller than that in patients with OP alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Initiating treatment with rhPTH(1-34) may provide greater clinical benefits to patients with diabetic bone disease characterized by low bone turnover levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1657481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulators of RNA m⁵C methylation are adipose tissue depot-specific expressed and correlate with clinical variables of obesity in humans.","authors":"Stina Ingrid Alice Svensson, Anne Hoffmann, Tobias Hagemann, Akin Cayir, Sadia Saeed, Adhideb Ghosh, Christian Wolfrum, Matthias Blüher, Yvonne Böttcher","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1647477","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1647477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a global health burden and recent evidence indicates that epitranscriptomic regulation is potentially involved in its etiology. The epitranscriptomic mark 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C) is implicated in cancer and recent data linked the gene expression of m⁵C writers, erasers and readers to diabetes, a well-known co-morbidity of obesity. Here, we tested whether gene expression of m⁵C regulators in paired samples of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue is <b>(i)</b> adipose tissue depot-specific and <b>(ii)</b> correlates with important clinical variables of obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Intra-individually paired adipose tissue samples from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and omental visceral adipose tissue (OVAT) were utilized from three different cohorts from the Leipzig Obesity Biobank including a large cross-sectional cohort, a two-step bariatric surgery cohort and a cohort of metabolically healthy vs unhealthy individuals (LOBB, total <i>N=</i>962). Data analysis on intra-individual samples was performed by using the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while in comparisons on independent groups the unpaired Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed. Bonferroni correction method was used to adjust multiple testing of p-values and Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that multiple m⁵C regulators were differentially expressed between human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots. Interestingly, we found that for several regulators the effects were less pronounced after weight loss, whilst stronger in individuals with insulin resistance compared to their healthy counterparts. A strong correlation of m⁵C regulator expression with macrophages was observed in OVAT compared to its SAT counterpart. Correlations between m⁵C regulators with important clinical variables related to obesity were observed in all three cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence for adipose tissue depot-specific gene expression of m⁵C regulators that correlate with clinical variables of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1647477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}