Frontiers in Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical skin conductance: a tool for risk stratification and early anticipation of diabetic foot ulcers.","authors":"Jean-François Gautier, Jean-Pierre Riveline, Louis Potier, Olivier Bourron, Lyse Bordier, Benjamin Vittrant, Ronan Roussel, Bernard Bauduceau","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1437858","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1437858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes, leading to high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Current DFU risk stratification relies on clinical examination, which can be subjective. Electrochemical Skin Conductance (ESC), measured via Sudoscan, offers an objective assessment of small fiber dysfunction. This study evaluates the association between ESC and DFU risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 2,157 diabetic patients from four tertiary centers in France was conducted. DFU risk was classified using the 2016 International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) grading system. ESC measurements were analyzed alongside age, sex, diabetes type, and monofilament test results. Regression and ROC analyses assessed predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ESC values correlated with DFU grades (p<0.001), with lower foot ESC (FESC) in higher-risk patients. ROC analysis showed strong predictive value for severe DFUs (AUC = 0.82 for grade 3) but limited performance for early stages. Notably, ESC identified at-risk patients within grade 0, undetected by standard classification.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>ESC provides a reproducible, operator-independent tool for DFU risk assessment, improving early detection beyond monofilament testing. These findings support its potential role in DFU prevention, reducing amputations and enhancing patient outcomes. Further studies are needed to validate its prognostic value and integration into clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1437858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GBDKVA score: a scoring system for preoperative risk assessment of adrenal tumors ≤6cm.","authors":"Siwei Yang, Xianrui Yang, Zhili Yao, Qi Guo, Zekai Hou, Chenyu Wang, Ronghao Cui, Zhun Wang, Gang Li, Changyi Quan, Yuanjie Niu, Yan Zhao, Shaosan Kang, Qiliang Cai","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1418535","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1418535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To propose a comprehensive scoring system for adrenal tumors ≤ 6cm and evaluate its rationality and validity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analyzed 268 patients with primary adrenal tumors who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2018 to December 2022 and all of them met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation scores were calculated for gender (G), body mass index (BMI) (B), tumor diameter (D), the relative position of the tumor to the kidney (K), the relative position of the tumor and the blood vessels (V) and the tumor location in the adrenal gland (A). Then, the total scores were correlated with the operation results, so as to verify the feasibility of GBDKVA in evaluating the surgical risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GBDKVA score showed a consistent and statistically significant correlation with operation time (OT) and blood loss (BL), as well as a correlation with postoperative complications in patients (p < 0.01), but no significant correlation was found with recovery time of gastrointestinal function, bed rest days, indwelling drainage tube days and postoperative hospitalization time were opposite.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GBDKVA score is reliable for preoperative risk assessment of patients with adrenal tumors ≤6cm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1418535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: NAFLD treatment in diabetes: from current dietary interventions to novel treatment.","authors":"Riccardo Nevola, Giuseppina Costabile, Giuseppe Della Pepa","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1572770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1572770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1572770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of GIPR in food intake control.","authors":"Paula-Peace James-Okoro, Jo Edward Lewis, Fiona Mary Gribble, Frank Reimann","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1532076","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1532076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is one of two incretin hormones playing key roles in the control of food intake, nutrient assimilation, insulin secretion and whole-body metabolism. Recent pharmacological advances and clinical trials show that unimolecular co-agonists that target the receptors for the incretins - GIP and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) - offer more effective treatment strategies for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) compared with GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists alone, suggesting previously underappreciated roles of GIP in regulating food intake and body weight. The mechanisms by which GIP regulates energy balance remain controversial as both agonism and antagonism of the GIP receptor (GIPR) produce weight loss and improve metabolic outcomes in preclinical models. Recent studies have shown that GIPR signalling in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in regions of the brain that regulate energy balance, is essential for its action on appetite regulation. This finding has sparked interest in understanding the mechanisms by which GIP engages brain circuits to reduce food intake and body weight. In this review, we present key knowledge around the actions of GIP on food intake regulation and the potential mechanisms by which GIPR and GIPR/GLP1R agonists may regulate energy balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1532076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI trajectories among children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary diabetes center.","authors":"Reem Abdullah Al Khalifah, Noor Salem Bawahab, Raghad Wadea, Hala Gasim, Alhanouf Alrashed, Muneera Al-Jelaify, Bayan Alnassir, Eman Ragab Saleh, Iman Al-Gadi","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1537860","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1537860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased worldwide, raising concerns about the intersection between T1DM and the rising prevalence of childhood obesity. This study investigates secular trends in body mass index (BMI) at T1DM diagnosis and its trajectory post-diagnosis, focusing on predictors of obesity persistence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary diabetes center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2015 and December 2023. Children under 14 years diagnosed with T1DM at the center were included, while those diagnosed elsewhere or with other diabetes types were excluded. Data included demographics, BMI z-scores based on Saudi and CDC growth charts, HbA1c levels, and clinical presentations like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Linear regression assessed secular trends and predictors of baseline BMI z-scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1160 screened children's charts, 408(35.17%) children met inclusion criteria. At diagnosis, mean age was 7.87 ± 3.53 years, with 161 (39.5%) presenting with DKA. The mean baseline BMI was 16.06 ± 3.62 kg/m², and BMI z-scores were -0.22 ± 1.65 (Saudi growth references) and -0.87 ± 1.92 (CDC growth references). No significant secular trends in BMI z-scores, gender, or DKA presentation were observed. Of 59(14.46%) children with baseline overweight/obesity, 46 (77.97%) remained overweight/obese at follow-up (p<0.001). The mean BMI z-score increased to 1.14± 1.64 at follow-up, with 113(27.70%) meeting overweight/obesity criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overweight/obesity at diagnosis with T1DM persists at follow-up. Addressing obesity at T1DM diagnosis is crucial for mitigating its long-term metabolic impact. Future research should target interventions addressing lifestyle factors contributing to obesity in children with T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1537860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression of autophagy-related gene CXCL12 in endometriosis associated ovarian cancer and pan-cancer analysis.","authors":"Mingwei Yuan, Sijing Chen, Zelan Liao, Kana Wang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1450892","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1450892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC), an aggressive form of malignant ovarian neoplasm with origins in endometriosis (EM), has risen to prominence recently. Despite extensive investigation, the precise pathophysiology remains elusive.This article explores new autophagy-related DEG genes between EM and EAOC, and investigates CXCL12's expression and prognostic relevance across pan-cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we retrieved gene sequencing data to uncover DEGs. We carried out enrichment analysis, PPI network construction and explored CXCL12's multi-database expression and prognostic significance employing the analytical tools of ONCOMINE, PrognoScan, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Subsequently, assessing the relationship between CXCL12 expression and immune presence in cancer utilizing GEPIA and TIMER. Lastly, CXCL12, IL17, STAT3, and FOXP3 protein expressions were determined through immunohistochemistry analysis in EAOC, EM, and normal endometrial tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two DEGs were discovered and enrichment analysis indicated virus-cytokine/receptor interactions, chemokine signaling, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interplay as pivotal in EAOC. Notably, cancerous tissues exhibited reduced CXCL12 levels compared with non-malignant tissues across cancers. CXCL12, IL17, STAT3, Th17/Treg ratio, and FOXP3 expressions were also lower in EAOC than EM and normal tissues. Additionally, CXCL12 expression was related to stage, survival, immune subtype, and molecular classification across cancers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, our study implicates CXCL12 and altered Th17/Treg balance in progression from EM to EAOC. CXCL12 emerges as a predictive marker for cancer progression across various tumors and is associated with inflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1450892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of hormone therapies for treating adenomyosis-associated pelvic pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Andrea Etrusco, Vittorio Agrifoglio, Antonio D'Amato, Vito Chiantera, Antonio Simone Laganà, Joe Haydamous, Luigi Cobellis, Pasquale De Franciscis, Silvia Vannuccini, Harald Krentel, Antoine Naem, Gaetano Riemma","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1571727","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1571727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To date, there are no clear guidelines available on the treatment of adenomyosis-associated pelvic pain (AAPP); however, numerous hormonal treatments (HTs) are currently being used off-label. We conducted a systematic review and network metanalysis with the aim of assessing the efficacy and safety of HTs to reduce AAPP and ranking the available options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Scielo.br, PROSPERO, Cochrane Library, conference proceedings, and international registries were searched with no time, region, or language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials that analyzed AAPP in women undergoing HTs were deemed suitable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies (563 women affected by adenomyosis) were included. At 3 months, women who received a placebo or a levonorgestrel-based intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) experienced more AAPP than those who received dienogest [mean difference of visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores (MD) 4.10 (95% CI 0.49 to 7.71); high evidence; MD 3.05 (95% CI 0.45 to 5.65); high evidence]. At 6 months, women who received dienogest experienced significantly less AAPP compared to those who received combined oral contraceptives [MD -2.85 (95% CI -5.30 to -0.39); moderate evidence], while the prevalence of AAPP was higher among those who received a LNG-IUS than those who received dienogest [MD 1.79 (95% CI 0.06 to 3.53); low evidence].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dienogest seems to be the most effective HT for AAPP. However, although rare, it is also related to more adverse effects compared to other HTs.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024535472.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1571727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential compensatory mechanism for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: altered structure-function coupling.","authors":"Weiye Lu, Xuan Huang, Die Shen, Kun Wang, Jiahe Wang, Ziyu Diao, Shijun Qiu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1491377","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1491377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Structure-function (SC-FC) coupling may be more sensitive to detecting changes in the brain than any single modality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SC-FC coupling changes on cognition and their interactions in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 493 participants (119 with normal glucose metabolism (NGM), 125 with prediabetes, and 249 with T2DM) were included in the study. Diffusion-weighted MRI and resting state functional MRI data were used to quantify SC-FC coupling. General linear model and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between glucose metabolism, SC-FC coupling, and cognition. Mediation models were used to evaluate the mediating role of regional SC-FC coupling between diabetes-related measures and cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regional coupling strength of SC-FC varied greatly in different brain regions, but was strongest in the ventral attention and somatmotor network areas. Compared with NGM patients, T2DM patients had higher SC-FC coupling in the default mode network but lower SC-FC coupling in the limbic network. In addition, fasting glucose and HbA_1c were associated with weaker SC-FC coupling in the limbic network, fasting insulin with higher SC-FC coupling in the limbic network, and HbA_1c with higher SC-FC coupling in the dorsal attention network. Furthermore, through mediated models we found that SC-FC coupling in the limbic network suppressed the association between diabetes-related measures and cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T2DM and diabetes-related measures were associated with abnormal SC-FC coupling of the limbic network. The recombination of SC-FC coupling relationships in the limbic network may indicate a potential compensatory mechanism for cognitive decline that begins in prediabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1491377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between pan-immune-inflammation value and dyslipidemia in the United States population.","authors":"Yu Yan, Shanshan Jia, Xingwei Huo, Lu Liu, Lirong Sun, Shuangliang Ma, Xiaoping Chen","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1518304","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1518304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Object: </strong>To investigate the possible association between pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used the data obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The independent variable used the logarithmic form of PIV-log2 (PIV). The definition of dyslipidemia was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program standards. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) and threshold effect analysis were explore the association between PIV and dyslipidemia. Stratified analyses were used to identify potential associations with other covariates. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed compared to systemic immune-inflammation index (SII).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6,821 participants were included, of whom 47% were male and 77% had dyslipidemia. After adjusting for all confounders, PIV and dyslipidemia had an significantly positive association (OR (95%CI): 1.13 (1.01-1.25); <i>P =</i> 0.03). Compared to participants with lowest quartile (Q1) of PIV, participants with the highest quartile (Q4) had a significantly higher risk of dyslipidemia (OR (95%CI): 1.37 (1.05-1.80); <i>P =</i> 0.022). The RCS curve showed an inverted J-shaped relationship between PIV and dyslipidemia (<i>P</i>-nonlinear = 0.0415, <i>P</i>-overall < 0.001). The threshold effect analysis revealed that the inflection point was 9.192. Stratified analyses showed that age and BMI modified the PIV-dyslipidemia relationship (<i>P</i> for interaction < 0.05). The ROC curve found that compared with SII, PIV had a similar predictive value (area under curve (AUC): 0.566 vs 0.558; <i>P</i> = 0.073).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study discovered that PIV had a significantly positive relationship with dyslipidemia, especially in young and overweight individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1518304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status, trend changes, and future predictions of the disease burden of type 1 diabetes kidney disease in global and China.","authors":"Qinghua Yang, Li Jin, Mingwei Luo, Shiwei Xie","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1559363","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1559363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzes the global and China trends in the prevalence, disease burden, and future projections of Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy (T1DN) over the past three decades, providing data to inform public health policies and clinical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database were used to analyze the incidence, prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of T1DN globally and in China from 1990 to 2021. Trend analysis was conducted using R and Joinpoint software, and the ARIMA model was applied to predict future trends in T1DN prevalence for the next 20 years. A significance level of p<0.05 was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, deaths from T1DN increased from 49,300(95% CI: 39,088-61,207) in 1990 to 94,020 (95% CI: 71,456-119,984)in 2021, with the age-standardized mortality rate remaining stable. DALYs rose from 2,227,518(95% CI: 1,835,372-2,679,207) in 1990 to 3,875,628 (95% CI: 3,062,395-4,845,503) in 2021, though the age-standardized rate slightly decreased. In China, the mortality rate declined significantly, and DALYs decreased, with the age-standardized DALYs dropping from 80.915/100,000(95% CI: 65.121-98.391)to 47.953/100,000(95% CI: 36.9-60.734). Globally, both incidence and prevalence increased, with global incidence reaching 95,140(95% CI: 82,236-111,471) cases and prevalence rising to 6,295,711 (95% CI: 5,459,693-7,114,345)cases. In China, incidence showed a declining trend, but prevalence continued to rise. The ARIMA model forecasts global incidence will reach 115,000 cases, with prevalence reaching 7,000,000 by 2041. In China, incidence is expected to stabilize, while prevalence may increase to approximately 2,500,000 cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of T1DN is rising globally, especially in terms of prevalence, while China has made progress in reducing mortality and disease burden. However, challenges remain in chronic disease management. Over the next 20 years, global prevalence is projected to continue increasing, while China's prevalence may stabilize. Targeted interventions for different age groups and genders will be essential in reducing the T1DN burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1559363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}