Frontiers in Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Correction: High-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia drives retinal ECE-1 and ET-1 upregulation.","authors":"Shuo Sun, Huilan Zhang, Jing Chen, Kaiwen Hei, Yi Hou, Yanhui Yang, Chunyan Shan, Longli Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1699321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1699321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1640890.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1699321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesion size and cystic morphology are key determinants of parathyroid hormone washout in primary hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"İlker Çordan, Oguzhan Aksu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1654110","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1654110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is of great importance to ensure targeted and effective surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In this context, parathyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) performed under ultrasound guidance plays a crucial role. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ultrasonographic features of parathyroid adenomas and parathyroid hormone washout (PTH-WO) values.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2022 and August 2024, data from 128 parathyroid adenomas in 122 patients who were prepared for surgery due to PHPT and underwent ultrasound-guided FNAB along with PTH-WO testing were retrospectively evaluated. The obtained PTH-WO results were compared with B-mode and Doppler ultrasound findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In adenomas with a long axis greater than 10 mm and those containing cystic components, PTH-WO levels were found to be significantly higher (p = 0.005 and p = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, a positive correlation was identified between PTH-WO levels and the short and long axis dimensions of the adenomas. In contrast, no significant relationship was observed between PTH-WO levels and B-mode (grayscale) or Doppler (vascularity) ultrasound features.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PTH-WO values vary according to the ultrasonographic dimensions of parathyroid adenomas and are measured at higher levels in cystic adenomas. Other ultrasonographic features do not significantly affect PTH-WO levels. Therefore, the size of the lesion should be taken into account when interpreting PTH-WO results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1654110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of <i>MIF</i> rs1007888 and <i>ARAP1</i> rs1552224 genetic variants with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a chinese population; case study and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuxuan Zhang, Yanying Wu, Qiaoli Zeng, Watson Ray Gyan, Sining Huang, Xiner Dai, Jia Liu, Xin Liu, Yue Wei, Runmin Guo","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1650782","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1650782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (<i>MIF</i>) rs1007888 is significantly associated with pancreatic <i>β</i>-cell function and insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat, and PH domain-containing protein 1 (<i>ARAP1</i>) rs1552224 locus has been identified as a risk locus for type 2 diabetes, and recent reports have linked it to elevated blood glucose levels and reduced insulin release upon glucose stimulation. Few studies have been conducted on these genetic variants and their risk of GDM. This study aimed to investigate the association between these two genetic variants (<i>ARAP1</i>) rs1552224 and (<i>MIF</i>) rs1007888 and the risk of developing GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study involving 500 GDM patients and 502 healthy controls was conducted. DNA was extracted, and rs1007888 and rs1552224 were systematically genotyped using the SNPscan™ genotyping kit. Statistical methods assessed genotype and allele differences linked to GDM risk, followed by a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of regional factors on GDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses of (<i>MIF</i>) rs1007888 showed no link to higher GDM risk, but meta-analysis found a significant association (OR>1), indicating a connection to increased GDM risk. <i>ARAP1</i> rs1552224 was significantly linked to reduced GDM incidence (Allele Model A vs. C: OR = 0.624; 95% CI: 0.425-0.916; <i>p</i>-value = 0.016; Dominant Model AA vs. AC+CC: OR = 0.641; 95% CI: 0.429-0.959; <i>p</i>-value = 0.030), especially in women under 30, rs1552224 Aelle Model (A vs. C: OR = 0.490; 95% CI: 0.281-0.857; <i>p</i> -value = 0.012), Dominant Model (AA vs. AC + CC: OR = 0.523; 95% CI: 0.292-0.938; <i>p</i> -value = 0.030). and those with a BMI≥24, Aelle Model (A vs. C: OR = 0.345; 95% CI: 0.124-0.960; <i>p</i>-value = 0.042). Conversely, a meta-analysis suggested an increased GDM risk with the <i>ARAP1</i> variant (OR>1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meta-analysis results demonstrate that there is an enhanced likelihood of GDM associated with the <i>MIF</i> rs1007888 mutation. Moreover, our findings indicate that the <i>ARAP1</i> rs1552224 variant, specifically the AC genotype and C allele, confers a decreased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The outcomes obtained give GDM testing a theoretical foundation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1650782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in osteoporosis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Yi Liu, Shaoyun Wang, Chao Wang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1625969","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1625969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traditional pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis face challenges due to various limitations, including long-term safety concerns and limited bone anabolic effects. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free alternative therapy. However, their preclinical efficacy and the factors driving heterogeneity still require systematic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (from inception to February 2025). Two independent authors performed literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. A random-effects model was used to pool and analyze bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular/cortical structural parameters, and biomechanical test results. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test, while leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of the results. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on animal type, EVs source, synthesis method, engineering approach, intervention route, frequency, and treatment duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 studies were included. The results demonstrated that, compared to the control group, MSC-EVs significantly increased BMD, BV/TV, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), mineral apposition rate (MAR), and the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the femur, while reducing trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Significant heterogeneity and publication bias were observed in all analyses. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of all results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MSC-EVs demonstrate significant improvements in preclinical osteoporosis models, highlighting its potential for clinical translation. However, further standardized studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of MSC-EVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1625969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variations and spatial heterogeneity of lumbar CT attenuation are associated with osteoporotic vertebral fracture.","authors":"Jinhui Cai, Ludan Chen, Long Liu, Jinsheng Yi, Jiaqi Wu, Tingqian Yang, Wensheng Huang, Qingyu Liu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1630371","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1630371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) constitutes a prevalent health concern in the elderly. Reduced vertebral HU values and increased spatial heterogeneity in the L1 and L2 vertebrae were independently associated with OVF. The HU values combined with spatial heterogeneity quantification could be a feasible approach for opportunistic OVF risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Examine the associations between vertebral Hounsfield units (HU) and osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF), with a particular emphasis on regional variations and spatial heterogeneity of vertebral trabeculae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The regional (anterior, middle, posterior, superior, inferior) and total HU in L1 and L2 vertebrae were measured, and with spatial distribution quantified through regional HU ratios. Heterogeneity in HU were assessed using interquartile range (IQR) and coefficient of variation (CV). Group differences were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and t-test, while multiple comparisons of CT measurements were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (B-H) method. Logistic regression identified independent factors associated with OVF, and ROC curves evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of vertebral HU for vertebral fracture prediction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This retrospective case-control study comprising 54 individuals with acute OVF and 108 age- and sex-matched controls. The regional and total HU of L1 and L2 (B-H adjusted p< 0.001) decreased in OVF patients compared to the controls. The OVF patients exhibited higher CV in both L1 and L2, and CV (per 10% increased) were positively associated with increased odds of OVF independent to vertebral HU and T-score (L1: adjusted OR 2.845; 95% CI, 1.076 - 7.524; p= 0.035 and L2: adjusted OR 2.944; 95% CI, 1.246 - 6.955; p= 0.014). ROC revealed moderate predictive accuracy for total vertebral HU (L1: AUC = 0.715; L2: AUC = 0.738), with marginally superior performance in inferior regions (L1: AUC = 0.716; L2: AUC = 0.740).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced vertebral HU values and increased spatial heterogeneity in L1 and L2 vertebrae were associated with OVF, providing valuable references for OVF risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1630371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of active constituents of in traditional Chinese medicine for primary osteoporosis: a mechanistic review.","authors":"Chaoqun Song, Lingfeng Zeng, Changwei Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1647984","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1647984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary osteoporosis (POP) is a systemic metabolic bone disorder marked by diminished bone density and deterioration of bone microstructure, presenting a considerable challenge to global public health due to its widespread occurrence and heightened fracture risk. Although conventional western pharmaceutical treatments are efficacious, they are often associated with adverse events. Conversely, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exhibits distinct potential owing to its multi-targeted and multi-pathway regulatory benefits. This systematic review elucidates the molecular mechanisms of flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, polysaccharides, coumarins, and alkaloids in the prevention and treatment of POP. The study elucidates the mechanisms of action by modulating critical signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, RANKL/OPG pathways and so on, thereby facilitating osteoblast differentiation, suppressing osteoclast activity, and ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, ultimately restoring the balance of the bone microenvironment. This research aims to advance the development of innovative POP medications based on TCM principles and to provide scientific validation for individualized therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1647984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between peripheral thyroid sensitivity defined by the FT3/FT4 ratio and composite adverse outcome among inpatients with heart failure.","authors":"Li Ma, Manting Gou, Xingbang Liu, Li Ding, Chao Ma","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1652749","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1652749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio is an indicator of peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity. However, its prognostic value in heart failure (HF) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single center prospective cohort study included a total of 402 HF patients. The primary composite outcome was established as either mortality from any cause or HF-related hospitalization within one year. Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed associations between the FT3/FT4 ratio and composite endpoint risks, with restricted cubic splines (RCS) exploring potential non-linear relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 402 heart failure patients, 188 (46.8%) experienced the primary composite endpoint. The highest FT3/FT4 tertile (T3) had 38% lower risk than the lowest tertile (T1) (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.94). In the subgroup of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), T3 individuals showed an 84% lower risk compared to T1 (adjusted HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03-0.81). Both the overall cohort and SCH subgroup exhibited an inverse association between FT3/FT4 ratios and adverse outcomes, whereas euthyroid patients demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with composite endpoint hazards (P for nonlinear = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that maintaining or restoring higher FT3/FT4 levels may improve clinical outcomes in HF patients. Regular monitoring of this ratio, coupled with tailored interventions based on thyroid functional status, could enhance risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1652749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Management of multiple brown tumors after kidney transplantation.","authors":"Qingyi Sun, Yafei Bai, Ruman Chen, Hong Li","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1645715","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1645715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown tumor is usually caused by primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism but is exceptionally rare after kidney transplantation. Their rarity and atypical pathological features make diagnosis and treatment particularly challenging. We present a case of a 38-year-old woman with multiple brown tumors secondary to persistent hyperparathyroidism following kidney transplantation. The patient was initially admitted to the orthopedic department for left shoulder dislocation and lytic lesions in the left humerus and was diagnosed with a giant cell tumor of bone. Further investigations revealed elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and multiple lytic bone lesions throughout the skeleton. Based on these findings, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with multiple brown tumors. As a result, the patient underwent total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue. Follow-up evaluations showed decreased PTH levels and alkaline phosphatase levels, with improvement in skeletal changes. This case report shares the experience and lessons in managing hyperparathyroidism, both before and after kidney transplantation, emphasizing the importance of clinicians' awareness of the disease and multidisciplinary collaborative management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1645715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors for HbA1c and weight loss associated with semaglutide treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: real-world clinical evidence.","authors":"Petya Milushewa, Yoanna Mitreva, Nevena Chakarova, Tsvetalina Tankova, Emilia Naseva, Valentina Petkova","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1621892","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1621892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify clinical predictors associated with reductions in HbA1c and weight among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with semaglutide in real-world clinical settings in Bulgaria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 168 T2DM patients receiving dispensary monitoring at the University Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Endocrinology \"Acad. Ivan Penchev,\" Sofia. Clinical data, including comorbidities, HbA1c, weight, and BMI, were collected from medical records at baseline and after one year of treatment. Patients were administered subcutaneous semaglutide beginning at 0.25 mg weekly, titrated to 0.5 mg after four weeks, and to 1 mg thereafter, maintained over a one-year period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 92.3% of patients had obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²), with 53.6% categorized as Obesity Class 1. After one year of GLP - 1RA therapy, significant improvements in metabolic parameters were observed. Median weight reduced from 100.0 kg to 91.5 kg (p<0.001), and median BMI decreased from 33.6 to 30.9 kg/m² (p<0.001). HbA1c levels declined from 7.80% to 6.90% (p<0.001). Transitions to lower obesity classes occurred in 81 patients, while 15 remained in Class 3 obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Semaglutide significantly improves glycemic control and promotes weight and BMI reduction in T2DM patients in routine clinical practice. These findings suggest that structured follow-up under endocrinologist supervision, as required by national protocols, may enhance therapeutic response. Further prospective studies with extended follow-up are warranted to evaluate the long-term sustainability of these effects and to identify predictors of optimal patient response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1621892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A leptin-based Bayesian inference of a pro-satiety state reflects a basal circadian rhythm in women with obesity.","authors":"Qing Xiang, Saman Khazaei, Rose T Faghih","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1638568","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1638568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leptin, primarily secreted by adipose tissue, is a critical hormone involved in regulating energy balance and food intake by inducing satiety. Although several hormones influence satiety, leptin plays a dominant role in long-term satiety regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We apply a state-space estimation framework using Bayesian filtering to infer continuous, long-term pro-satiety states from plasma leptin concentrations collected from premenopausal women with obesity. Our approach adopts methodologies previously applied to biosignals such as skin conductance and cortisol data to estimate latent states, leveraging the features in the leptin secretory pulses and plasma leptin levels. Additionally, we investigate the potential influence of meals, sleep, and bromocriptine treatment on the pro-satiety states. We introduce the High Satiety Index (HSI), a direct, long-term satiety measure based on leptin secretion dynamics, minimizing biases inherent in conventional assessment methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparisons of the estimated state in different time windows show that the pro-satiety state inferred by leptin secretion is significantly higher during sleep, aligning with a circadian rhythm. The estimated state does not show a significant variation in response to meal intake or bromocriptine treatment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The leptin-based estimator reflects basal variations of satiety in women with obesity. This framework shows the feasibility of applying Bayesian filtering to track satiety and can be further developed to perform a multimodal estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1638568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}