Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Insights into polyethylene biodegradative fingerprint of <i>Pseudomonas citronellolis</i> E5 and <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> D4 by phenotypic and genome-based comparative analyses.","authors":"Jessica Zampolli, Elena Collina, Marina Lasagni, Patrizia Di Gennaro","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1472309","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1472309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyethylene (PE) is the most-produced polyolefin, and consequently, it is the most widely found plastic waste worldwide. PE biodegradation is under study by applying different (micro)organisms in order to understand the biodegradative mechanism in the majority of microbes. This study aims to identify novel bacterial species with compelling metabolic potential and strategic genetic repertoires for PE biodegradation. <i>Pseudomonas citronellolis</i> E5 is newly isolated from solid organic waste contaminated with plastic debris, and <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> D4 was selected for its promising potential in biodegradable plastic determined by its genetic repertoire. <i>P. citronellolis</i> E5 was selected for its ability to grow on PE as the only carbon and energy source. Meaningful extracellular secreted laccase activity was also characterized for D4 during growth on PE (E5 and D4 strains have a laccase activity of (2 ± 1)×10^-3 U mg^-1 and (3 ± 1)×10^-3 U mg^-1, respectively). Despite the highest level of cell numbers recorded at 7 days of growth on PE for both strains, the patterns of the metabolic products obtained and degraded during 60 days on PE were dissimilar in the two bacteria at different sampling times. However, they mainly produced metabolites belonging to carboxylic acids and alkanes with varying numbers of carbons in the aliphatic chains. Whole-genome sequence analyses of <i>P. citronellolis</i> E5 compared to <i>R</i>. <i>erythropolis</i> D4 and genetic determinant prediction (by gene annotation and multiple sequence alignment with reference gene products) have been performed, providing a list of 16 and 42 gene products putatively related to different metabolic steps of PE biodegradation. Altogether, these results support insights into PE biodegradation by bacteria of the <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Rhodococcus</i> genera from metabolic and genetic perspectives as a base to build up novel biotechnological platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1472309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of acupuncture intensity on analgesic effects in AA rat models.","authors":"Yi-Xuan Wang, Yu-Hang Liu, Zi-Liang Zhang, Xuan Qiao, Ying-Chen Li, Liu-Jie Ren, Guang-Hong Ding, Wei Yao, Yi Yu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1502535","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1502535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the influence of acupuncture lifting-thrusting frequency and amplitude on the analgesic effects, and its correlation with mast cell degranulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Acute adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat models were employed. Robot-arm aided lifting-thrusting acupuncture therapy was conducted with various frequencies (ranging from 0.5 to 4 Hz) and amplitudes (ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mm). The rats' pain thresholds were measured multiple times before and after the therapy, and the analgesic effects were evaluated using the pain threshold recovery rate (PTRR), a normalized index. The mast cell degranulation rate (MCdR) at the acupoint was calculated, and a correlation analysis between PTRR and MCdR was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acupuncture therapy partially restored the pain threshold affected by arthritis. The analgesic effects were influenced by stimulus frequency and amplitude, with best outcomes occurring at an intermediate optimal frequency of 1.0 Hz and amplitude of 1.0-1.5 mm. Similarly, the MCdR peaked at the optimal frequency and amplitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our animal experiment suggests that optimal analgesic effects can be achieved with stimulation at an optimal intensity. This intensity-effect correlation appears to originate from mast cell activation rates under different mechanical stimulus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1502535"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable MXene/Ag-HA composite hydrogel for enhanced alveolar bone healing and mechanistic study.","authors":"Jialing Li, Zilu Fan, Zhenju Guan, Jianping Ruan","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1485437","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1485437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alveolar bone defects pose significant challenges in dentistry. Due to the complexity of alveolar bone anatomy and insufficient repair mechanisms, large bone defects are difficult for the body to heal naturally. Clinical treatment typically involves the use of bone substitute materials. However, current substitutes often suffer from limitations such as insufficient osteoinductivity, rapid degradation, inflammatory responses, and poor mechanical properties. Additionally, the irregular morphology of alveolar bone defects complicates the application of solid bone substitutes, potentially leading to secondary damage at the repair site.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these challenges, this study introduces an innovative approach by integrating MXene nanomaterials into Ag-HA/GelMA hydrogels to create an injectable MXene/Ag-HA composite hydrogel. MXene nanomaterials are renowned for their excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and mechanical strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that the MXene/Ag-HA composite hydrogel exhibits satisfactory mechanical and biological properties. Specifically, it demonstrates excellent antibacterial, antioxidant, and osteogenic activities. Gene expression analysis further reveals that the MXene composite hydrogel promotes osteogenesis by regulating the expression of Dmp1 and Dusp1.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings of this study suggest that the MXene/Ag-HA composite hydrogel is a promising candidate for alveolar bone repair and regeneration. The integration of MXene nanomaterials into the hydrogel enhances its mechanical and biological properties, making it well-suited for the treatment of irregular alveolar bone defects. Furthermore, the study underscores the vast potential of MXene nanomaterials in the biomedical field, hinting at potential applications beyond alveolar bone repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1485437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past, present, and future of electrical impedance tomography and myography for medical applications: a scoping review.","authors":"Lea Youssef Baby, Ryan Sam Bedran, Antonio Doumit, Rima H El Hassan, Noel Maalouf","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1486789","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1486789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scoping review summarizes two emerging electrical impedance technologies: electrical impedance myography (EIM) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT). These methods involve injecting a current into tissue and recording the response at different frequencies to understand tissue properties. The review discusses basic methods and trends, particularly the use of electrodes: EIM uses electrodes for either injection or recording, while EIT uses them for both. Ag/AgCl electrodes are prevalent, and current injection is preferred over voltage injection due to better resistance to electrode wear and impedance changes. Advances in digital processing and integrated circuits have shifted EIM and EIT toward digital acquisition, using voltage-controlled current sources (VCCSs) that support multiple frequencies. The review details powerful processing algorithms and reconstruction tools for EIT and EIM, examining their strengths and weaknesses. It also summarizes commercial devices and clinical applications: EIT is effective for detecting cancerous tissue and monitoring pulmonary issues, while EIM is used for neuromuscular disease detection and monitoring. The role of machine learning and deep learning in advancing diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring is highlighted. This review provides a roadmap for researchers on device evolution, algorithms, reconstruction tools, and datasets, offering clinicians and researchers information on commercial devices and clinical studies for effective use and innovative research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1486789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11670078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engraftment of self-renewing endometrial epithelial organoids promotes endometrial regeneration by differentiating into functional glands in rats.","authors":"Yana Ma, Jingjing Qian, Xin Xu, Cheng Wei, Minyuan Wang, Peipei Zhang, Sijia Chen, Lingyan Zhang, Yanling Zhang, Yanpeng Wang, Wenzhi Xu, Mengying Liu, Xiaona Lin","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1449955","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1449955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extensive trauma frequently disrupts endometrial regeneration by diminishing endometrial stem cells/progenitor cells, affecting female fertility. While bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been suggested as an approach to address endometrial injury, it comes with certain limitations. Recent advancements in endometrial epithelial organoids (EEOs) have displayed encouraging potential for endometrial regeneration. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether EEOs surpass BMSCs in their ability to repair injured endometrium and to examine whether the restoration process involves the integration of EEOs into the endometrial tissue of the recipient.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed rat EEOs (rEEOs) mimicking the features of the rat endometrium. Subsequently, we created a rat model of endometrial injury to compare the effects of rEEOs and rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) on endometrial regeneration and reproductive recovery. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted to further investigate the capacity of rEEOs for endometrial regeneration and to identify discrepancies between rEEOs and rBMSCs. Additionally, to track the fate of the transplanted cells <i>in vivo</i>, we transplanted green fluorescent protein (GFP) -labelled rEEOs or red fluorescent protein (RFP) -labelled rBMSCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a rat model of endometrial injury, we observed that fertility recovery in rats transplanted with rEEOs was more comparable to that of normal rats than in those treated with rBMSC. rEEOs possess a high concentration of endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A to promote endometrial neovascularization. Significantly, we observed that cells from GFP-labelled rEEOs could integrate and differentiate into functional glands within the injured endometrium of recipient rats.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>EEOs offer a transformative approach to address the challenges of endometrial trauma. Their remarkable regenerative potential holds promise for the restoration of damaged endometrium. As we venture into the future, the concept of utilizing patient-specific EEOs for transplantation emerges as a tantalizing prospect. However, the EEOs in our experiments were mainly cultured in Matrigel, which has barriers to clinical translation as a biomaterial, a new biomaterial to be explored. Secondly, our experiments have been successful only in rat models, and more efforts need to be made before clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1449955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of cage on endplate collapse after stand-alone OLIF: based on finite element analysis and <i>in vitro</i> mechanics experiments.","authors":"Hao Li, Jiarui Liu, Huifei Cui, Nana Shen, Futong Wu, Zhihao Zhang, Zhongze Zhu, Chensheng Qiu, Hongfei Xiang","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1508385","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1508385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lumbar degenerative diseases are an important factor in disability worldwide, and they are also common among the elderly population. Stand-Alone Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (Stand-Alone OLIF) is a novel surgical approach for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. However, long-term follow-up after surgery has revealed the risk of endplate collapse associated with Stand-Alone OLIF procedures. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cage factor on endplate collapse after Stand-Alone OLIF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finite element (FE) models and calf lumbar functional units were established separately and used to simulate Stand-Alone OLIF surgery. On the L5 endplate of the FE model and the calf lumbar functional unit, 12 cage positions from anterior to posterior, 16 cage inclination angles from 0° to 15°, and 4 cage heights were selected to simulate surgical models with different cage positions. Compression loads of 400N were applied to the upper surface of the superior vertebral body of the cage, and 10Nm torques in four directions were used to simulate four different physiological movements of the lumbar spine: flexion, extension, lateral curvature and torsion, in order to compare the range of motion of the surgical segment and the endplate stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the cage is placed closer to the anterior and posterior edges of the endplate and when the height of the cage exceeds 12mm, the intervertebral range of motion at the surgical segment is greater and the stress on the endplate is higher during various lumbar spine activities. When the cage is inclined at an angle within 15°, there are no significant differences in the corresponding endplate stress and the range of motion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For Stand-Alone OLIF surgery, inserting the cage in the central anterior-posterior position of the intervertebral space and selecting a cage with a height not exceeding 12 mm can reduce the stress on the endplate after surgery, which is more conducive to the stability of the lumbar spine postoperatively and reduces the risk of postoperative endplate collapse. The inclination angle of the cage placement does not significantly affect postoperative endplate stress or lumbar stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1508385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the reverse transcriptase function in Taq polymerase via AI-driven multiparametric rational design.","authors":"Yulia E Tomilova, Nikolay E Russkikh, Igor M Yi, Elizaveta V Shaburova, Viktor N Tomilov, Galina B Pyrinova, Svetlana O Brezhneva, Olga S Tikhonyuk, Nadezhda S Gololobova, Dmitriy V Popichenko, Maxim O Arkhipov, Leonid O Bryzgalov, Evgeniy V Brenner, Anastasia A Artyukh, Dmitry N Shtokalo, Denis V Antonets, Mikhail K Ivanov","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1495267","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1495267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Modification of natural enzymes to introduce new properties and enhance existing ones is a central challenge in bioengineering. This study is focused on the development of Taq polymerase mutants that show enhanced reverse transcriptase (RTase) activity while retaining other desirable properties such as fidelity, 5'- 3' exonuclease activity, effective deoxyuracyl incorporation, and tolerance to locked nucleic acid (LNA)-containing substrates. Our objective was to use AI-driven rational design combined with multiparametric wet-lab analysis to identify and validate Taq polymerase mutants with an optimal combination of these properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental procedure was conducted in several stages: 1) On the basis of a foundational paper, we selected 18 candidate mutations known to affect RTase activity across six sites. These candidates, along with the wild type, were assessed in the wet lab for multiple properties to establish an initial training dataset. 2) Using embeddings of Taq polymerase variants generated by a protein language model, we trained a Ridge regression model to predict multiple enzyme properties. This model guided the selection of 14 new candidates for experimental validation, expanding the dataset for further refinement. 3) To better manage risk by assessing confidence intervals on predictions, we transitioned to Gaussian process regression and trained this model on an expanded dataset comprising 33 data points. 4) With this enhanced model, we conducted an <i>in silico</i> screen of over 18 million potential mutations, narrowing the field to 16 top candidates for comprehensive wet-lab evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>This iterative, data-driven strategy ultimately led to the identification of 18 enzyme variants that exhibited markedly improved RTase activity while maintaining a favorable balance of other key properties. These enhancements were generally accompanied by lower K^d, moderately reduced fidelity, and greater tolerance to noncanonical substrates, thereby illustrating a strong interdependence among these traits. Several enzymes validated via this procedure were effective in single-enzyme real-time reverse-transcription PCR setups, implying their utility for the development of new tools for real-time reverse-transcription PCR technologies, such as pathogen RNA detection and gene expression analysis. This study illustrates how AI can be effectively integrated with experimental bioengineering to enhance enzyme functionality systematically. Our approach offers a robust framework for designing enzyme mutants tailored to specific biotechnological applications. The results of our biological activity predictions for mutated Taq polymerases can be accessed at https://huggingface.co/datasets/nerusskikh/taqpol_insilico_dms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1495267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modulating role of uniaxial straining in the IL-1β and TGF-β mediated inflammatory response of human primary ligamentocytes.","authors":"Johannes Heidenberger, Raphael Hangel, Eva I Reihs, Jonathan Strauss, Petra Liskova, Jürgen Alphonsus, Cornelia Brunner, Kevin Döring, Iris Gerner, Florien Jenner, Reinhard Windhager, Stefan Toegel, Mario Rothbauer","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1469238","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1469238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomechanical (over-)stimulation, in addition to inflammatory and fibrotic stimuli, severely impacts the <i>anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)</i> biology, contributing to the overall chronic nature of desmopathy. A major challenge has been the lack of representative two-dimensional (2D) <i>in vitro</i> models mimicking inflammatory processes in the presence of dynamic mechanical strain, both being crucial for ligament homeostasis. Physiological levels of strain exert anti-inflammatory effects, while excessive strain can facilitate inflammatory mechanisms. Adhering to the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) principles of animal research, this study aims to investigate the role of a dynamic biomechanical <i>in vitro</i> environment on inflammatory mechanisms by combining a Flexcell culture system with primary human ligamentocytes for the study of ligament pathology. Primary ligamentocytes from OA patients were cultured under animal-free conditions with human platelet lysate, and exposed to either IL-1β or TGF-β3 to simulate different inflammatory microenvironments. Cells were subjected to different magnitudes of mechanical strain. Results showed that cells aligned along the force axis under strain. This study highlights the critical role of the mechanical microenvironment in modulating inflammatory and fibrotic cellular responses in ligamentocyte pathology, providing valuable insights into the complex interplay between biomechanical stimuli and cytokine signaling. These findings not only advance our understanding of ligament biology but also can pave the way for the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies for ligament injuries and diseases, potentially improving patient outcomes in orthopedic medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1469238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves with citrus flavonoids: changes in chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties.","authors":"Wanrong Hu, Wen Cai, Yun Jia, Qianying Zhang, Zhengcheng Zhang, Yue Wang, Chongde Sun, Dongliang Li","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1469532","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1469532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fermentation plays a significant role in improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves. Particularly, fermentation with characteristic additives has been identified as an effective approach to enhance the fermentation process. The objective of this study was to develop new additives and investigate their influence on cigar tobacco leaves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The active ingredients extracted from three citrus species were obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by solid phase purification. The effects of these ingredients as fermentation additives on the primary chemical components, microbial communities, and sensory quality of cigar tobacco leaves were subsequently analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that: (1) Flavonoids were the main components of the prepared citrus extracts. (2) The addition of citrus extracts resulted in a reduced content of amino acids, oxalic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids in cigar tobacco leaves, while increasing the content of citric acid. Besides, the total amount of aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves increased by 38.15% with the addition of citrus extracts, with notable enhancements in the levels of <i>D</i>-limonene, β-dihydroionone, dihydroactiniolactone, and other representative aroma components. (3) The addition of citrus extracts promoted the succession of the microbial community in cigar tobacco leaves and promoted the enrichment of <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Corynebacterium</i>. (4) The addition of citrus extracts effectively reduced the irritation and improved the aroma richness of cigar tobacco leaves.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this study, the influence of citrus-derived active ingredients on cigar quality was systematically analyzed, providing a reference for the development of characteristic fermentation additives for cigars and the extension of cigar quality enhancement technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1469532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical and clinical evaluation of PSO, modified PSO and VCR treating OVCF kyphosis: a finite element analysis.","authors":"Junyu Li, Lizhi Xu, Haotian Wang, Yinhao Liu, Zhuoran Sun, Yongqiang Wang, Miao Yu, Weishi Li, Yan Zeng","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1445806","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1445806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To confirm the effect of surgery on spinal column biomechanics and to provide theoretical support for the advantages and disadvantages of different surgical methods and their clinical efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>33 continuous patients with no significant difference in risk factors related to the mechanical complications were enrolled in this retrospective study. Sagittal parameters were measured in the pre-, post-operative and following-up lateral radiograph of spine. An finite element (FE) model was created using CT scanning from a female volunteer with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) with solely kyphosis. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), vertebral column resection (VCR) and modified PSO(mPSO) for OVCF were simulated on FE model. Stress distribution and deformation of the FE model were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical - All differences in preoperative spinal sagittal parameters were not statistically significant. mPSO showed it is superior to PSO and VCR in multiple postoperative and following-up spinal sagittal parameters. The operation duration and intraoperative blood loss of mPSO are less than the other two. For postoperative mechanical complications, no statistically significant differences were observed. Biomechanical - Six operating conditions (flexion, extension, left/right bending, left/right twisting) for each post-operative FE model have been examined. In most conditions, the displacement of mPSO is similar to that of PSO, with both larger than that of VCR. All the maximum equivalent stress on the vertebral body is within the safe range. The stress is mainly distributed on the T10 vertebral body and the fixed vertebral body L2, while the stress of VCR is greater than that of mPSO and PSO. The intervertebral disc pressure is highest in VCR, followed by PSO, and lowest in mPSO under all conditions. The maximum pressure on the intervertebral discs is located between T10 and T11.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The finite element analysis showed that mPSO has a similar spine stability to PSO, and possibly creates a better environment for bone-to-bone fusion and prevents adjacent segments degeneration. Combined with its less surgical risks, we believe that the modified pedicle subtraction osteotomy may be an appropriate strategy for indicated cases of OVCF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1445806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}