Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"VP-net: an end-to-end deep learning network for elastic wave velocity prediction in human skin <i>in vivo</i> using optical coherence elastography.","authors":"Yilong Zhang, Jinpeng Liao, Zhengshuyi Feng, Wenyue Yang, Alessandro Perelli, Zhiqiong Wang, Chunhui Li, Zhihong Huang","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1465823","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1465823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acne vulgaris, one of the most common skin conditions, affects up to 85% of late adolescents, currently no universally accepted assessment system. The biomechanical properties of skin provide valuable information for the assessment and management of skin conditions. Wave-based optical coherence elastography (OCE) quantitatively assesses these properties of tissues by analyzing induced elastic wave velocities. However, velocity estimation methods require significant expertise and lengthy image processing times, limiting the clinical translation of OCE technology. Recent advances in machine learning offer promising solutions to simplify velocity estimation process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we proposed a novel end-to-end deep-learning model, named velocity prediction network (VP-Net), aiming to accurately predict elastic wave velocity from raw OCE data of in vivo healthy and abnormal human skin. A total of 16,424 raw phase slices from 1% to 5% agar-based tissue-mimicking phantoms, 28,270 slices from in vivo human skin sites including the palm, forearm, back of the hand from 16 participants, and 580 slices of facial closed comedones were acquired to train, validate, and test VP-Net.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VP-Net demonstrated highly accurate velocity prediction performance compared to other deep-learning-based methods, as evidenced by small evaluation metrics. Furthermore, VP-Net exhibited low model complexity and parameter requirements, enabling end-to-end velocity prediction from a single raw phase slice in 1.32 ms, enhancing processing speed by a factor of ∼100 compared to a conventional wave velocity estimation method. Additionally, we employed gradient-weighted class activation maps to showcase VP-Net's proficiency in discerning wave propagation patterns from raw phase slices. VP-Net predicted wave velocities that were consistent with the ground truth velocities in agar phantom, two age groups (20s and 30s) of multiple human skin sites and closed comedones datasets.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study indicates that VP-Net could rapidly and accurately predict elastic wave velocities related to biomechanical properties of <i>in vivo</i> healthy and abnormal skin, offering potential clinical applications in characterizing skin aging, as well as assessing and managing the treatment of acne vulgaris.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1465823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Extracellular matrix-like microenvironments for <i>in vitro</i> models and regenerative medicine.","authors":"Arturo Ibáñez-Fonseca, Alicia Fernández-Colino, Barbara Blanco-Fernandez, Dorela Doris Shuboni-Mulligan","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1505587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1505587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1505587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The primary stability of ultrashort residual proximal femur fixed with triangular fixation stem prosthesis: a comparative biomechanical study based on sawbones models.","authors":"Ziwei Hou, Kai Zheng, Ming Xu, Xiuchun Yu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1493738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1493738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor resection near the proximal end of the femur and revision surgery of the distal femoral prosthesis may result in a very short bone segment remaining at the proximal end of the femur, known as ultrashort residual proximal femur (URPF). In this study, we propose a triangular fixation stem (TFS) prosthesis to improve the fixation of URPF. The aim of this research is to investigate the biomechanical properties of the TFS prosthesis and compare it with the conventional stem (CS) prosthesis through <i>in vitro</i> biomechanical experiments, providing preliminary biomechanical evidence for prosthetic fixation of URPF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A biomechanical study was conducted using Sawbones to explore initial stability. Twelve Sawbones were used to create a bone defect model, and prostheses were designed and fabricated to emulate TFS fixation and CS fixation structures. Axial compression and horizontal torsion experiments were performed on the fixed models using a mechanical testing machine, recording maximum displacement, maximum torque, and femoral strain conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under an axial compressive load of 2800 N, the overall displacement of the TFS group was 3.33 ± 0.58 mm, which was significantly smaller than that of the CS group (4.03 ± 0.32 mm, P = 0.029). The femoral samples of the TFS group demonstrated that the strain value alterations at the medial points 2, 3, 5, 6 and the lateral point 10 were conspicuously smaller than those of the conventional stem group (P < 0.05). Under torsional loads at levels of 1°, 3°, and 5°, the torques of the TFS group were 3.86 ± 0.69 Nm, 3.90 ± 1.26 Nm, and 4.39 ± 1.67 Nm respectively, all of which were significantly greater than those of the CS group (1.82 ± 0.82 Nm, P < 0.001; 2.05 ± 0.89 Nm, P = 0.016; 1.96 ± 0.50 Nm, P = 0.015 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TFS prosthesis improves fixation strength and reduces strain on the femur's proximal surface. Compared to CS fixation, it offers better resistance to compression and rotation, as well as improved initial stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1493738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of four machine learning methods in predicting orthodontic extraction decision from clinical examination data and analysis of feature contribution.","authors":"Jialiang Huang, Ian-Tong Chan, Zhixian Wang, Xiaoyi Ding, Ying Jin, Congchong Yang, Yichen Pan","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1483230","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1483230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study aims to predict tooth extraction decision based on four machine learning methods and analyze the feature contribution, so as to shed light on the important basis for experts of tooth extraction planning, providing reference for orthodontic treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected clinical information of 192 patients with malocclusion diagnosis and treatment plans. This study used four machine learning strategies, including decision tree, random forest, support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to predict orthodontic extraction decisions on clinical examination data acquired during initial consultant containing Angle classification, skeletal classification, maxillary and mandibular crowding, overjet, overbite, upper and lower incisor inclination, vertical growth pattern, lateral facial profile. Among them, 30% of the samples were randomly selected as testing sets. We used five-fold cross-validation to evaluate the generalization performance of the model and avoid over-fitting. The accuracy of the four models was calculated for the training set and cross-validation set. The confusion matrix was plotted for the testing set, and 6 indicators were calculated to evaluate the performance of the model. For the decision tree and random forest models, we observed the feature contribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy of the four models in the training set ranges from 82% to 90%, and in the cross-validation set, the decision tree and random forest had higher accuracy. In the confusion matrix analysis, decision tree tops the four models with highest accuracy, specificity, precision and F1-score and the other three models tended to classify too many samples as extraction cases. In the feature contribution analysis, crowding, lateral facial profile, and lower incisor inclination ranked at the top in the decision tree model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the machine learning models that only use clinical data for tooth extraction prediction, decision tree has the best overall performance. For tooth extraction decisions, specifically, crowding, lateral facial profile, and lower incisor inclination have the greatest contribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1483230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RGDSP-functionalized peptide hydrogel stimulates growth factor secretion via integrin αv/PI3K/AKT axis for improved wound healing by human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells.","authors":"Wei Wei, Lei Huang, Luoying Chen, Huanhuan He, Yanfei Liu, Yuan Feng, Fengqin Lin, Hui Chen, Qing He, Junhong Zhao, Haihong Li","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1385931","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1385931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wound healing process involves communication among growth factors, cytokines, signaling pathways, and cells in the extracellular matrix, with growth factors acting as key regulators. Although stem cells can promote wound healing by secreting diverse growth factors, their therapeutic potential is hindered by poor survival and engraftment. Mimicking the stem cell-matrix interactions can improve stem cell survival, regulate their fate, and even enhance their paracrine effects. This study investigated the use of composite RGDmix hydrogel, which can support the survival and proliferation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and effectively increase the expression of various growth factors, thereby promoting wound re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and epidermal maturation. At last, the specific role of integrin αv and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in the secretion of growth factors were examined by silencing them <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Results suggested that the RGDmix hydrogel improved the secretion of growth factors by hAMSCs through the RGDSP/integrin αv/PI3K/AKT axis, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect in wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1385931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocatalytic degradation of environmental endocrine disruptor chlorobenzene via surfactant-optimized laccase-mediator system.","authors":"Dan Wang, Guifang Huang, Chunming Yu, Yawen Wang, Nawon Baek, Ruofei Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1469029","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1469029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of environmental endocrine disruptor chlorobenzene (CB) in surface water and its potential environmental impacts have attracted serious global attention. It is still very difficult to achieve effective degradation of it by catalytic oxidation process under mild conditions. Here, an optimized method for degrading CB in aqueous solution using <i>Trametes versicolor</i> laccase and surfactant-assisted laccase-mediator (SALM) system was investigated. The use of a Tween 80 surfactant enhanced the solubility of CB and promoted its efficient degradation. Under favorable conditions, the SALM system yielded a degradation efficiency of 43.5% and a dechlorination efficiency of 41.55% for CB (25 mg/L) within 24 h. The possible degradation pathway of CB by this system was speculated by detecting the intermediates produced during the reaction. The outcome of the proliferation assays on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells demonstrated a reduction in the estrogenic activity of the CB solution following treatment with the SALM system. Furthermore, the influence of the quantity and positional variation of chlorine substituents on the degradation process was methodically investigated. Moreover, molecular analyses were employed to study the detailed interaction mechanism between laccase and CB, which revealed that the hydrophobic interaction contributed dominantly to binding process. These findings provide an efficient and environmentally friendly degradation system for the development of purification strategies for halogenated pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1469029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of label-free light-controlled gene expression technologies using mid-IR and terahertz light.","authors":"Hirohito Yamazaki, Ryusei Sugawara, Yurito Takayama","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1324757","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1324757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene expression is a fundamental process that regulates diverse biological activities across all life stages. Given its vital role, there is an urgent need to develop innovative methodologies to effectively control gene expression. Light-controlled gene expression is considered a favorable approach because of its ability to provide precise spatiotemporal control. However, current light-controlled technologies rely on photosensitive molecular tags, making their practical use challenging. In this study, we review current technologies for light-controlled gene expression and propose the development of label-free light-controlled technologies using mid-infrared (mid-IR) and terahertz light.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1324757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High salt diet accelerates skin aging in wistar rats: an 8-week investigation of cell cycle inhibitors, SASP markers, and oxidative stress.","authors":"Xile Peng, Nannan Liu, Baihan Zeng, Yilin Bai, Yang Xu, Yixiao Chen, Li Chen, Lina Xia","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1450626","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1450626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have shown that the high salt diet (HSD) is linked to increased dermal pro-inflammatory status and reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in inflamed skin of mice. Decreased ECM content is a known aging phenotype of the skin, and alterations in ECM composition and organization significantly contribute to skin aging. This study aimed to determine whether a high salt diet accelerates skin aging and to identify the time point at which this effect becomes apparent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal diet and high salt diet groups and fed continuously for 8 weeks. Skin samples were collected at weeks 7 and week 8. Skin pathological sections were evaluated and levels of cell cycle inhibitors, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), oxidative stress and vascular regulatory factors (VRFs) were examined. Correlation analyses were performed to reveal the effect of a high salt diet as an extrinsic factor on skin aging and to analyse the correlation between a high salt diet and intrinsic aging and blood flow status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At week 8, HSD rats exhibited thickened epidermis, thinned dermis, and atrophied hair follicles. The expression of cell cycle inhibitors and oxidative stress levels were significantly elevated in the skin of HSD rats at both week 7 and week 8. At week 7, some SASPs, including TGF-β and PAI-1, were elevated, but others (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, NO) were not significantly changed. By week 8, inflammatory molecules (IL-1, IL-6, TGF-β), chemokines (IL-8), proteases (PAI-1), and non-protein molecules (NO) were significantly increased. Notably, despite elevated PAI-1 levels suggesting possible blood hypercoagulation, the ET-1/NO ratio was reduced in the HSD group at week 8.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data suggest that a high salt diet causes skin aging by week 8. The effect of a high salt diet on skin aging is related to the level of oxidative stress and the expression of cell cycle inhibitors. Additionally, a potential protective mechanism may be at play, as evidenced by the reduced ET-1/NO ratio, which could help counteract the hypercoagulable state and support nutrient delivery to aging skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1450626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-branch deep learning neural network prediction model for the development of angular biosensors based on sEMG.","authors":"Liman Yang, Zhijun Shi, Ruming Jia, Jiange Kou, Minghua Du, Chunrong Bian, Juncheng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1492232","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1492232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human gait motion intention recognition is very important for the lower extremity exoskeleton robot to accurately synchronize and respond to the user's natural motion. And motion intention recognition is generally performed through sEMG. Deep learning neural networks perform well in dealing with high-dimensional data and nonlinear relationships such as sEMG, but different deep learning neural networks have their own advantages in dealing with different types of data. Therefore, a multi-branch deep learning neural network, which enables different neural networks to process different feature items, could achieve more accurate and efficient motion intention recognition. The purpose of this study is to 1) Establish a multi-branch deep learning neural network model to achieve accurate gait recognition and effective estimation of joint angles. 2) Quantify the performance of the multi-branch deep learning neural network model in gait recognition and joint angle prediction using sEMG.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study involved the collection of sEMG and plantar pressure data during walking in human subjects. Firstly, the collected signals are filtered and denoised to ensure the quality and reliability of the data. Calculate the time domain features and the frequency domain features to capture the key information of gait. Then, using the sensitivity difference of different structural neural networks to different feature data, a multi-branch deep learning neural network model is developed, in which the extracted features are used as the input of the model. The output of the model includes gait cycle and joint angle, so as to realize the accurate recognition of human gait and the effective estimation of joint angle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that the proposed method has high accuracy in identifying human gait and estimating joint angles. The multi-branch neural network model successfully integrates time-domain and frequency-domain features and provides reliable prediction of gait cycle and joint angle. The highest accuracy of gait recognition is 95.42%, the lowest is 90.11%, and the average is 92.16%. The average error of joint angle estimation is 3.19.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study designed a human walking gait recognition and joint angle prediction model to achieve accurate human lower limb motion intention recognition.The model can be integrated into the sEMG sensor to design a angular biosensors, which can predict the human joint angle in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1492232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond yield: Unveiling farmer perceptions and needs regarding weed management in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Mirajul Islam, Md Mizanur Rahman, Shashanka Shekhar Sarker, Md Nazrul Islam, Fahmid H Bhuiyan, Mst Salma Khanam, Iftekhar Alam","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1410128","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1410128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 3.5 billion people depend on rice for more than 20% of their daily calories. Globally, Bangladesh is the third largest rice producer. With 171 million people, Bangladesh is also among the top consumers. Local rice production not only affects the country's food security but also influences the global rice trade. A large yield gap has been reported due to weeds. Traditional hand weeding is very costly because of labor shortages resulting from industrialization. Limited data showed a higher yield and profits when using herbicides. However, quantitative data on various aspects of weed management and associated issues representing the country's variable rice ecosystem, which is characterized by 30 agroecological zones, are lacking. We collected data on weed management practices from 865 farmers and 69 agrochemical shops covering all 30 agro-ecological zones (AEZs) through a structured survey. We observed a significant regional variation among various parameters. Approximately 82% of farmers use herbicides, and few rely solely on either manual weeding or herbicides. Pre-emergence herbicides are the predominant. Application procedures are almost the same across the country. Although 40% of farmers had secondary and higher-level education, most depend upon local sellers' suggestions rather than reading the product label regarding the dose. Few farmers consider herbicides hazardous, and respondents rarely perceive any environmental impact. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl (35%) and acetochlor-containing bensulfuron methyl (27%) are the most-used chemical species. Approximately 45% of farmers observed that herbicides suppress early seedling growth. Additional fertilizer is required to compensate for this. Multiple weed species that are difficult to control through presently used herbicides were noted in all AEZs. Around 64% of farmers observed that herbicide application contributes to higher yields as a function of timely weeding. Cost comparisons showed that high labor prices will make rice cropping unprofitable in most parts of the country if herbicides are eliminated. Clear adverse effects of pre-emergence herbicides on early crop growth implied the potential benefits of broad-spectrum herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered (GE) rice to sustain the country's food security. Additionally, such GE rice could incentivize the adoption of alternate wet and dry irrigation methods, leading to water and cost savings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1410128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}