Frontiers in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Hydroxyapatite particles substituted with Pd ions for remarkable antibacterial performance.","authors":"Seung-Jae Jeong, Yoon-Seop Jeong, Jae-Won Jeong, Heesoo Lee, Young-Tae Kwon","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1698673","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1698673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing threat of bacterial infections to human health has positioned the development of antibacterial materials as a critical global research priority. Recently, hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is chemically similar to the main components of bone and teeth, has attracted considerable attention as a promising antibacterial material due to its ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion and proliferation through electrostatic repulsion. However, hydroxyapatite exhibits lower antibacterial activity compared to metal particles or metal ions, which remains a limitation for its application as an antibacterial agent. Here, we present simple and one-step synthesis of the hydroxyapatite particles partially substituted with palladium (Pd) ions. The designed reaction simultaneously allows the formation of HAP particles and the substitution of Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) with Pd²⁺ ions within the HAP lattice. While the pure HAP particles show an antibacterial activity of approximately 97.5%, Pd-5% substituted HAP demonstrates ultrahigh antibacterial performance exceeding 99.9% against three different bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. This study comprehensively investigates the correlation between the Pd substitution and antibacterial ability, providing valuable insights for the development of advanced antibacterial materials aimed at promoting human health and a safe, clean environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1698673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in nucleic acid probe-based detection of gene point mutations: a review.","authors":"Xuyang Pu, Xueqiang Wu","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1672155","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1672155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fundamental characteristic of gene mutations is the permanent alteration of the DNA sequence, including point mutations, deletions, inversions, and translocations. Among these, DNA point mutation detection has consistently remained a central focus of research across multiple disciplines due to its close association with a range of diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia. However, the typically low abundance of such mutations presents a significant technical challenge. Due to technical limitations in detection sensitivity, increasing research efforts have been directed toward nucleic acid probe-based strategies to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of point mutation identification. This review summarizes the developments in nucleic acid probe-based techniques for detecting gene point mutations, with an emphasis on strategies involving pure nucleic acid probes as well as the synergistic use of enzymes, nucleic acid analogs, and nanotechnology. The principles, advantages, and limitations of the above technologies are also described and summarized. In addition, we also explored the application of AI technology in nucleic acid probes and the potential future challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1672155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ether profiles in adipose tissues of breast cancer patients and their carcinogenic potential investigation based on network toxicology and molecular docking.","authors":"Qihao Zhao, Xi Liu, Haoyi Chen, Yingming Jin, Qian Chen, Yiteng Huang, Lin Peng","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1630283","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1630283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Existing epidemiological and experimental evidence have unveiled individual PBDE congeners facilitate the initiation of breast cancer. However, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms by which PBDE mixtures contribute to breast cancer pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify the PBDE congeners that preferentially accumulate in female adipose tissues and to intricate their interactions and key targets and molecular pathways implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adipose tissue specimens were collected from 183 patients with breast cancer and 145 women with benign breast disease or non breast-related diseases. Adipose PBDEs concentrations were determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The ChEMBL, STITCH, GeneCards, OMIM, TCGA-BRCA databases, as well as a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, were utilized to identify the primary targets of PBDEs and their interactions. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock Vina to validate the binding affinities between chemicals and targets. Functional enrichment analysis was then performed based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Machine learning strategies were applied to refine core genes involved in pathogenesis of breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BDE-47, BDE-138, BDE-153, BDE-183 and BDE-209 were recognized as the major PBDE congeners accumulated in adipose tissues. The top 20 candidate target genes were enriched for response to chemical stress, gland development, protein ligase binding, lipid and atherosclerosis and chemical carcinogenesis. The intersected genes and pathways between breast cancer and chemical carcinogenesis revealed significant associations with pathways in the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Machine learning strategies nominated CASP3, ESR1, MMP9, PARP1, and PPARG as crucial genes involved in breast cancer pathogenesis, exhibiting high-affinity binding to the major PBDE congeners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This integrative network study uncovers a mechanistic framwork linking adipose-accumulated PBDE mixtures to breast cancer pathogenesis. These findings provide insights for preventive and therapeutic interventions against PBDE-associated breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1630283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biosynthesis, physiochemical characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial evaluation of novel chromium oxide nanoparticles.","authors":"Ezzat H Elshazly, G Abd Elfadeel, Lihang Yang, Xiqi Li, Emad A Ewais, Ahmed M Sadek, Taher M Taha, Omar Fathy, Omar Mohammad Atta, Wen-Zong Liu","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1584199","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1584199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted significant interest due to their diverse biological applications. However, the potential for NPs synthesis using plant resources from <i>Vicia monantha</i> Retz remains largely unexplored. Notably, this study marks the first use of this specific plant for the biosynthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr₂O₃NPs). In the present study, the single phase of Cr₂O₃ was confirmed at a calcination temperature 700 °C for the synthesized NPs. The crystallite sizes increased from 14 nm to 20 nm with the increase in the calcination temperature to 900 °C for 2 h. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) light spectroscopy revealed that the samples are semiconductor materials, according to the observed values of energy band gap. The developed Cr₂O₃NPs did not show any toxicity toward NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that Cr₂O₃NPs exhibited good antimicrobial activity against two bacterial strains (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and two fungal strains (<i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus sp</i>.), producing clear inhibition zones of 0.26 cm, 0.21 cm, 0.28 cm, and 0.3 cm, respectively, after 24 h. The Cr₂O₃NPs exhibit successful green synthesis, notable biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties, making them highly promising for various applications and opening possibilities for the utilization of nanoparticles in antimicrobial systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1584199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A streamlined synthetic approach to the truncated linear trisaccharide fragment of QS-21.","authors":"Jhe-Sian Lin, Zheng-Hao Tzeng, Jasper S Dumalaog, Shang-Cheng Hung","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1650302","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1650302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>QS-21, a potent immunostimulatory saponin obtained from <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> Molina, a soapbark tree native to Chile, has undergone extensive study for its broad application as a vaccine adjuvant against various infectious diseases and cancers. The structure of QS-21, which features a linear oligosaccharide moiety, provides a critical attachment site for both the labile acyl side chain and the distinctive sugar unit that defines each major saponin variant. In this study, we present an efficient synthetic approach to the truncated linear trisaccharide fragment of QS-21, circumventing the challenges associated with the synthesis of the rare sugar D-fucose. The synthesis of this linear trisaccharide enables streamlined access to a homogeneous QS-21.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1650302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversed phase HPLC analysis of mobocertinib and its impurities and studies on the structure and biological activity of a new degradation product.","authors":"Ronghua Ni, Jisu Qin, Wenyi Wu, Jinqiu Xu, Qunfeng Luo, Liangliang Cai","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1659507","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1659507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mobocertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is prescribed for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer characterized by epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion mutations. The presence of impurities generated during its synthesis or storage may compromise the drug's efficacy and safety. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of these impurities and the implementation of rigorous quality control measures are of paramount importance. However, robust analytical methods for the simultaneous and accurate detection of mobocertinib and its related impurities are currently lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study developed a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method (RP-HPLC) for separating and analysing mobocertinib and its impurities. An Agilent 5HC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used to separate Mobocertinib and its related substances. The mobile phase composition, gradient elution program, and ultraviolet detection wavelength were optimized. Additionally, a new product (imp-A) was found during the forced degradation test. Its structure was elucidated by RP-HPLC, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The biological activity of imp-A was preliminarily evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RP-HPLC method developed in this study was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines, demonstrating satisfactory specificity, precision, stability, repeatability, accuracy, and robustness. The method exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.1-20 μg mL-1. The limits of detection and quantitation for mobocertinib were determined to be 0.02 μg mL-1 and 0.05 μg mL-1, respectively. The structure of imp-A was successfully characterized, and its formation mechanism was elucidated. Furthermore, imp-A was found to inhibit the growth of various tumor cell lines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed RP-HPLC method is suitable for the simultaneous detection of mobocertinib and its impurities, providing significant advantages for process development and quality control. Imp-A, a novel compound, demonstrated promising anticancer activity in vitro. However, further in vivo studies are required to fully assess its therapeutic potential, which may hold promise for clinical applications in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1659507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12497807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace phenol-formaldehyde resin activation mechanism of intermediate graphitic layer removal in carbon for enhanced Li-ion capacitor performance.","authors":"Yingkai Xia, Shuang Wei, Xiao Wei, Yuehui Chen, Jiahang Ding, Haoyuan Zheng, Sen Yang, Shaobin Yang","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1592695","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1592695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise modulation of the pore structure in activated carbon can further enhance the capacitance performance of supercapacitors. As a carbonaceous precursor, phenol-formaldehyde resin (PR) plays a dual role in both carbon deposition and activation for pore regulation; however, the activation mechanism governing its pore-tuning effect remains unclear. In this study, trace PR with a mass ratio of 0.2%-0.8% was mixed with activated carbon for heat treatment. The results revealed that trace amounts of PR exhibit an activation mechanism by selectively removing intermediate graphene layers. Specifically, the removal of one-three graphene layers resulted in the formation of periodic micropores with diameters of 0.50-0.56 nm, 0.81-0.90 nm, and 1.14-1.19 nm. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the pore size most strongly associated with lithium-ion capacitance and diffusion coefficients fell within the range formed by the removal of a single graphene layer. Compared with one-step activation using PR, the multi-step activation process slowed the rate of pore expansion following single-layer removal, facilitating the formation of a greater proportion of 0.54 nm pores-those most closely linked to enhanced capacitance and ion diffusion. Consequently, the prepared coal-derived activated carbon achieved a capacitance of 164 F g^-1, matching the highest reported values for aqueous lithium-ion capacitors using porous carbon (PC) materials. This study reveals a novel mechanism of precise pore modulation at the 0.01 nm scale through trace PR activation, providing new insights into the structural regulation of PC materials for advanced energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1592695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion inhibition mechanisms of metal-organic frameworks in ammonia-rich environments.","authors":"Jiao-Jiao Cao, Yu-Meng Wu, Jin-Long Ge, Qing-Min Yang, Zhen-Yu Chen","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1644300","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1644300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A range of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based composite materials were synthesized and assessed for their corrosion inhibition properties in ammonia-containing aqueous environments. The interaction mechanisms of these materials with copper surfaces were systematically investigated using electrochemical techniques and surface characterization methods. Based on these analyses, a comprehensive mechanistic model was developed to explain the interplay of the observed factors. The results demonstrated that the corrosion inhibition performance of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a representative class of MOFs, is significantly influenced by the surrounding environment. Specifically, experimental analysis revealed a competitive interaction between NH₃ and the ZIF ligand in complex reactions, leading to structural instability of the ZIFs. This instability compromises the protective layer formed on the copper surface, resulting in a reduction of up to 60% in corrosion inhibition efficiency and, consequently, insufficient long-term durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1644300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Liquid biphasic electric partitioning system as a novel integration process for betacyanins extraction from red-purple pitaya and antioxidant properties assessment.","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1702149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1702149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00201.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1702149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Recent advances in pharmaceutical analysis: applications and new challenges for the quality of medicines.","authors":"Anna Borioni, Maria Elisa Crestoni, Birgit Hakkarainen, Constantinos K Zacharis, Federica Aureli","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1699047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1699047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1699047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}