Frontiers in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in glucose monitoring utilizing oxidase electrochemical biosensors integrating carbon-based nanomaterials and smart enzyme design.","authors":"Guan Guoqiang, Qu Liang, Zhao Yani, Wang Pengyun, Kong Fanzhuo, Zhang Yuyang, Lin Zhiyuan, Ni Xing, Zhang Xue, Lu Qiongya, Zou Bin","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1591302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1591302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose oxidase (GOx), as a molecular recognition element of glucose biosensors, has high sensitivity and selectivity advantages. As a type of biosensor, the glucose oxidase electrode exhibits advantages such as ease of operation, high sensitivity, and strong specificity, promising broad application prospects in biomedical science, the food industry, and other fields. In recent years, with the advancement of nanotechnology, research efforts to enhance the performance of GOx biosensors have primarily focused on improving the conductive properties and specific surface area of nanomaterials, while neglecting the potential to modify the structure of the core component, GOx itself, to improve biosensor performance. Rapid modification of the GOx surface through chemical modification techniques yields a new modified enzyme (mGOx). Meanwhile, composite techniques involving carbon nanomaterials can be employed to further enhance sensor performance. This article reviews the construction methods and optimization strategies of glucose oxidase electrodes in recent years, along with research progress in their application in electrochemical sensing for glucose detection, and provides an outlook for future developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1591302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TiO₂ nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal.","authors":"J R Cob-Cantú, K López-Velázquez, J G Ronderos-Lara, E R Hoil-Canul, C Castillo-Quevedo, L A Maldonado-López, J L Cabellos-Quiroz","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1581274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1581274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TiO₂ nanoparticles were immobilized on mortar spheres and subsequently packed into a tubular reactor equipped with a concentrical submergible UV lamp for photocatalytic decolorization of aniline blue solution. The microstructure and chemical composition of TiO₂ layer on the spheres, the efficiency for aniline decolorization, and the durability of the TiO₂ coating were studied. In this work, the mean thickness of the TiO₂ layer was 4.01 ± 0.55 µm, while the mean mass loading on the substrate was 5.6 ± 0.61 mg/cm². Then, the photocatalytic reactor showed excellent performance for dye removal, reaching levels between 95%-97% in 150 min under UV light. Moreover, by radical scavenging experiments, <i>h</i> ^<i>+</i> , O₂ ^.-, and ⋅OH were identified as the main reactive species. Even after twenty consecutive cycles, the removal efficiencies were higher than 83% and the decrease of efficiency was related to the partial detachment of the TiO₂ layer (mean thickness decreased to 2.17 µm) which was verified by FESEM-EDX and metallographic microscopy. Finally, based on results, it is worth noting that the effective immobilization of TiO₂ photocatalyst on the mortar spheres as substrate facilitates catalyst recovery, improves recyclability, and enables continuous water treatment. Therefore, this technology is a promising option for the removal of dyes in water, we even suggest that the proposed photocatalytic reactor could be scaled up for the treatment of effluents from textile industries, contributing to the abatement of water pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1581274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Rh-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofibers for skin cancer and infection inhibition.","authors":"Ali Altharawi, Taibah Aldakhil, Manal A Alossaimi","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1575183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1575183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using electrospinning for nanofiber production, we can create unique materials with multiple applications in various industries, including medical bandages and wound dressings. One of the most important features of these materials and using the electrospinning technique, is the incorporation of compounds and metals into their structure. In this study, a new metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized from rhodium, a metal with significant biological potential, which was then used to produce new nanofibers using electrospinning technique, (Rh-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber) by mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The newly synthesized nanofiber was tested against common microbial skin pathogens and cancer cells, showing significant inhibition. Specifically, an IC₅₀ value of 19.45 μg/mL against cancer cells and MIC values ranging from 4 μg/mL to 64 μg/mL μg against skin pathogenic strains were observed. This notable inhibitory ability can be attributed to both physical characteristics (with specific surface area of 2,348 m²/g), and chemical factors, including the active compounds present in its rhodium (Rh) structure. The synthesized Rh-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber has the potential for use in developing bioactive bandages, and wound dressings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1575183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of freeze-pressure regulated extraction technology on the physicochemical properties and pharmacological activities of guizhi extract.","authors":"Huiling Zhang, Juanzhen Luo, Qinzhao Wan, Xuecheng Wang, Zhenfeng Wu, Ming Yang, Yaqi Wang","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1581429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1581429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extraction is the core process for obtaining bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Enhancing the extraction efficiency of aromatic herbs has become a critical challenge. This study introduced a novel freeze-pressure regulated extraction (FE) technique to improve the extraction efficiency of Gui Zhi (GZ). Compared to traditional methods, FE yielded a significantly lower pH of 4.74, a higher zeta potential of -13.93 mV, and a smaller average particle size of 304.57 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) confirmed that FE creates larger pores and an expanded surface area, facilitating more effective compound release. HPLC analysis indicated that FE increased the cinnamaldehyde content from 348.53 to 370.20 μg/g. UPLC-MS analysis further demonstrated that FE is more effective for extracting volatile and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of GZ extract on a wind-cold syndrome model was investigated. FE significantly alleviated symptoms and restored lung tissue integrity, through the regulation of the citric acid cycle and thiamine metabolism pathways. The findings not only support the application of FE technology in herbal extraction but also offer novel approaches for the efficient utilization of herbs like GZ in modern medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1581429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical profile of <i>Rhododendron luteum</i> Sweet leaf supercritical CO₂ extracts and their anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential.","authors":"Lena Łyko, Renata Nowak, Marta Olech, Urszula Gawlik, Agnieszka Krajewska, Danuta Kalemba, Andriy Prokopiv","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1576852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1576852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Terpenes are a diverse class of natural metabolites that exhibit a range of biological activities, including antidiabetic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was designed to determine the chemical profile and biological activity of <i>Rhododendron luteum</i> leaf (RLL) supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO2) extracts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The LC-APCI-MS/MS method was used to determine the composition and content of the triterpenes (including sterols). In turn, LC-ESI-MS/MS was applied for the analysis of polyphenolic compounds. The volatile composition of RLL extracts was analysed using the HS-SPME-GC-FID-MS technique. The inhibitory activity against enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO), lipoxygenase (LOX), hyaluronidase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was assessed using <i>in vitro</i> bioassays.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The LC-MS analyses revealed high levels of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and β-sitosterol, which belong to terpenes, as well as polyphenols such as syringic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid, along with apigenin and its 7-glucoside. Among volatiles, the most prominent were limonene, eugenol, β-phenylethanol, and β-caryophyllene. <i>In vitro</i> assays showed a high hyaluronidase and moderate lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity presented by RLL supercritical extracts. Moreover, the samples were found to present α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This may indicate the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of RLL supercritical extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1576852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Defect chemistry in electrocatalysis - volume II.","authors":"Dafeng Yan, Longlu Wang, Feng Zeng, Huawei Huang","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1613443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1613443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1613443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive and robust stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for Rivaroxaban: synergistic integration of infrared spectroscopy and clinical pharmacology insights.","authors":"Aktham Mestareehi","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1551189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1551189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant medication that targets a key stage in the blood clotting process, preventing the formation and growth of clots. It is commonly used to prevent thrombosis or inhibit the enlargement of existing clots. Rivaroxaban functions as a Factor Xa inhibitor and is indicated for reducing the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as reducing the risk of recurrent DVT and PE, and prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PE in patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A robust, precise, and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for analyzing Rivaroxaban in raw materials. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was performed using a Thermo ODS Hypersil C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of monobasic potassium phosphate at pH 2.9 and acetonitrile in a 70:30 (v/v) ratio, with UV detection at 249 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linearity was established in the concentration range of 50-1,000 ppm (R² = 0.999), and the retention time for Rivaroxaban was approximately 12 min. The percentage relative standard deviation (RSD) for precision and accuracy was consistently below 2.0%, ensuring method reliability. Solution stability studies confirmed the stability of Rivaroxaban over the analysis period, as no peak loss, degradation, or additional peaks were observed between the first and last injections. Furthermore, forced degradation studies were conducted under various stress conditions, including acid and base hydrolysis, as well as hydrogen peroxide oxidation. The method successfully resolved Rivaroxaban from its degradation products, demonstrating its stability-indicating capability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rivaroxaban is a novel oral anticoagulant that selectively and directly inhibits factor <i>Xa</i>. A method has been developed and validated for its analysis, adhering to guidelines from the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). The validation process assessed parameters such as specificity, robustness, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The LOD for impurities and degradants was determined to be 0.3 ppm, while the LOQ was 1 ppm. This stability-indicating method is highly suitable for routine quality control and analytical applications in both raw materials and finished drug products, owing to its simplicity, efficiency, and robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1551189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quinoline framework and related scaffolds in natural products with anti-<i>Leishmania</i> properties.","authors":"Gloria Yaluff, Leídi Herrera, Miriam Soledad Rolón, Celeste Vega, Hugo Cerecetto","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1571067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1571067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For almost one hundred years, the quinoline heterocycle has been recognized as a privileged pharmacophore in anti-<i>Leishmania</i> agents. Early on, the action of compounds with this scaffold, found in some natural alkaloids, was tested against different <i>Leishmania</i> stages and strains. Different structural arrangements containing the quinoline framework have been described in different <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> anti-<i>Leishmania</i> alkaloids, namely, quinoline proper, isoquinoline, and quinolone, among others. In recent years, new quinoline derivatives isolated from nature have been described, in addition to having carried out in-depth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> biological studies, as well as chemical modifications to obtain new leaders. This review updates the state of the art on naturally occurring quinolines and some synthetic derivatives to provide therapeutic tools and strategies to explore new drugs based on this chemosystem for the treatment of leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1571067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of alkali metal cations on dehydrogenative coupling of formate anions to oxalate.","authors":"Atsushi Tahara, Aska Mori, Jun-Ichiro Hayashi, Shinji Kudo","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1588773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1588773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the growing global concern over CO₂ emissions, reducing CO₂ output has become an urgent requirement. The iron production industry is among those with the highest CO₂ emissions, primarily due to the use of coke as a reductant and the use of a heat source at approximately 2,000°C. To address this issue, various alternative reductants, including CO, H₂, and lignite, have been explored. Building on these efforts, we recently reported a novel ironmaking system using oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH) as the reductant. Formate salts, hydrogenated forms of CO₂, are promising precursors for oxalate salts; however, their behavior during dimerization remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigate the influence of group 1 and 2 metal cations on the base-promoted dehydrogenative coupling of formate to form oxalate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, dehydrogenative coupling of sodium formate was executed by using various types of groups 1 and 2 metal carbonates. Second, the base was replaced from metal carbonates to metal hydroxides to check the reactivity. Finally, a countercation of sodium formate was replaced to various types of groups 1 and 2 metals. To elucidate the reaction mechanism, DFT calculation was executed.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Treatment of sodium formate with various bases (group 1 and 2 metal carbonates or hydroxides) revealed that group 1 metal hydroxides are more effective than metal carbonates for oxalate formation, with cesium hydroxide (CsOH) exhibiting high reactivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that this kinetic advantage arises not only from increased basicity but also from intermediate destabilization in the Na/Cs mixed-cation system. Additionally, both experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that oxalate yield is influenced by the thermodynamic stability of intermediates and products (oxalate salts), highlighting the crucial role of cations in the reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1588773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LaF₃ doped with Ce/Gd/Eu: energy transfer and excitation dependence of photoluminescence rise-and-decay kinetics.","authors":"Andrii Shyichuk, Daria Szeremeta, Marcin Runowski, Eugeniusz Zych, Stefan Lis","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1501039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1501039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we analyze time-domain luminescence measurements using multiexponential rise-and-decay functions. The relationships between these functions and the physics behind the analyzed photoemission kinetics are shown using several basic arbitrary photoluminescence systems. The advantages and disadvantages of the different types of functions mentioned are discussed. The paper is focused on peculiarities of the fitting process, such as the role of initial guess, under- and overfitting problems, and estimating fit quality (using patterns in the fit residual). Systems of differential equations are used to analyze selected cases by adjusting certain parameters. Hydrothermally treated LaF₃:Ln³⁺ nanoparticles (where Ln³⁺ = Gd³⁺; Gd³⁺,Ce³⁺; Eu³⁺; Ce³⁺,Eu³⁺; Gd³⁺,Eu³⁺; or Ce³⁺,Gd³⁺,Eu³⁺) were used as a test case in which the role of interionic charge transfer was investigated by direct experimental measurements only, without the underlying theory. The methodological tips contained in this paper, although applied to the lanthanide (III) luminescence, should be interesting and useful for a much broader audience, for everyone working with smooth rise-and-decay curves.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1501039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}