Frontiers in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Precision intervention based on infection site: strategies and advances of magnetic nanomaterials in bacterial therapy.","authors":"Guangxin Zhang, Peiyi Liang, Xiying Fu, Yicun Wang","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1794622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1794622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections, especially those involving drug-resistant pathogens and biofilms, pose a severe global health threat. Conventional antibiotic therapies are limited by poor penetration, low specificity, and bacterial resistance mechanisms. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer a promising alternative by combining magnetically guided targeting, magnetothermal/photothermal effects, multifunctional drug delivery, and imaging capabilities. Their antibacterial efficacy depends critically on the anatomical and pathological features of the infection site. For skin and superficial infections, near-infrared (NIR) light, particularly in the second biological window (NIR-II), enables synergistic photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic therapies. For deep soft tissue and bone infections, alternating magnetic fields (AMF) provide deep-penetrating magnetothermal activation or targeted enrichment, often combined with image-guided intervention. For cavity organ and implant-related infections, surface functionalization, local drug delivery, and endoscopic energy application allow precise interfacial intervention. This review systematically discusses MNP-based strategies tailored to different infection sites, integrating advances in material design, synergistic mechanisms, and preclinical progress. It also addresses challenges in multifunctional integration, biosafety, and clinical translation, and outlines future directions toward intelligent, theranostic, and synergistic antibacterial platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1794622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shikonin and Co²⁺ self-assembled nanoparticles promote diabetic wound healing via antioxidant effects.","authors":"Xiaoge Wang, Liren Ma, Jinxu Qi","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1785594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1785594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study successfully constructed shikonin-Co nanoparticles (Co-Shik NPs) and systematically evaluated their healing effects on diabetic wounds. The nanoparticles, prepared via a self-assembly method, exhibited uniform particle size and stable structure. <i>In vitro</i> experiments demonstrated that the material showed no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 16 mg/L, significantly scavenged reactive oxygen species, and reduced the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis rate from 25.1% to 10.31%. Animal experiments revealed that the nanoparticle-treated group achieved a wound healing rate of 95% by day 12, which was significantly superior to the control group. Co-Shik NPs effectively modulated inflammatory factors (reducing IL-1β and TNF-α, elevating IL-10), alleviated oxidative stress, and promoted collagen deposition and epidermal regeneration. This study provides a novel material for diabetic wound treatment, deepens the understanding of the biological activities of natural product-metal complexes, and holds significant theoretical value and application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1785594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel series of thiazole-based compounds with enhanced antiproliferative properties as tubulin polymerization inhibitors.","authors":"Lamya H Al-Wahaibi, Ali M Elshamsy, Taha F S Ali, Bahaa G M Youssif, Stefan Bräse, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, Nawal A El-Koussi","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1814119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1814119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In cancer therapy, inhibiting tubulin polymerization is a key approach for modifying microtubule dynamics required for cell survival and proliferation. Microtubule destabilizing agents (MDAs), also known as tubulin polymerization inhibitors, prevent tubulin heterodimers from forming microtubules, resulting in catastrophic cellular collapse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel series of thiazole-based compounds <b>8a-o</b> was developed to inhibit tubulin polymerization and assess for its antiproliferative efficacy against the NCI 60 cell line. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and elemental microanalyses. All 15 compounds (<b>8a-o</b>) were assessed for antiproliferative action at a single dosage (10 μM) and analyzed against the comprehensive 60-cell panel at five concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The results from the one-dose and five-dose studies demonstrate that <b>8b</b>, <b>8c</b>, <b>8d</b>, <b>8m</b>, and <b>8o</b> are the most prominent antiproliferative agents, exhibiting the most favourable low-micromolar GI₅₀ values across various cell lines, frequently advancing to low-micromolar TGI, and, in numerous sensitive cell lines, achieving LC₅₀ values within the single-digit micromolar range. Compounds <b>8b</b>, <b>8d</b> and <b>8m</b> showed significant anti-tubulin activity, with IC50 values ranging from 3.86 to 7.19 μM, compared to the reference CA-4 (IC50 = 2.40 μM). In the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, compound <b>8m</b> drove a significant accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, increasing from 13.74% to 45.35%. G2/M arrest is frequently associated with DNA damage or the inhibition of microtubule dynamics, which aligns with Western blot results demonstrating a decrease in tubulin (50 kDa) expression following treatment with <b>8m</b>. Apoptotic and necrotic experiments indicate that <b>8m</b> stimulates a defined programmed cell death pathway rather than inducing non-specific toxic necrosis. Molecular docking corroborated their binding at the colchicine site, while in silico ADMET profiling indicated a promising drug-like profile for compound <b>8m</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1814119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, cardiac glycosides, and tumor immunity.","authors":"Yulin Ren, Jianhua Yu, Xiaolin Cheng, A Douglas Kinghorn","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1811060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1811060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor immunity arises from the coordinated action of innate and adaptive immune systems but is hindered by immune escape within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), for which ion channels and ion pumps have proved to be important. These proteins regulate a wide range of cellular processes to influence cancer progression and immune cell functions, of which ion channels maintain intracellular ion concentrations, cytosolic pH, and cell volume and functions and are essential for cancer development and immune regulation. Ion pumps correlate closely with ion channels and show an important effect on tumor immunity. Of these, H⁺-ATPases, especially vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase), play critical roles in cancer progression, metastasis, and immune evasion, while Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA) interacts with ion channels and H⁺-ATPase and hence contributes to antitumor immune responses. Thus, several cardiac glycoside inhibitors have been reported to exert potent antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. In the present perspective article, the interconnections among NKA, ion channels, H⁺-ATPases, and immune responses are addressed, with the potential activities of cardiac glycosides on tumor immunity discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1811060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of quinazolinones: exploring multicomponent reactions with a novel magnetic palladium catalyst.","authors":"Xiaotong Liang, Ziqi Yang, Bo Li","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1632736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1632736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study introduces a sustainable and efficient method for synthesizing quinazolinones, a class of heterocyclic compounds with significant pharmaceutical applications, via a multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy. The process employs a novel magnetically recoverable palladium catalyst, enabling the coupling of aryl or heteroaryl iodides with a carbonyl source and 2-aminobenzamide in an eco-friendly PEG/water solvent system, facilitated by potassium carbonate as a base. The magnetic Pd catalyst exhibits robust catalytic activity, achieving high product yields (82%-98%) across diverse substrates, including electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl/heteroaryl iodides, underscoring its broad applicability. The catalyst is synthesized and characterized through various techniques, including FT-IR, BET, TGA, EDX, VSM, SEM, TEM, and XRD, which affirm its uniformity and stability. Key advantages of this protocol include exceptional atom economy, elimination of toxic solvents, and mild reaction conditions. The catalyst's magnetic properties allow effortless recovery via external magnetization, retaining >89% activity over five consecutive cycles, enhancing cost-effectiveness and sustainability. The methodology advances sustainable synthetic practices and holds promise for scalable applications in medicinal and industrial chemistry. This work highlights the transformative potential of magnetic nanocatalysts in developing eco-conscious routes to biologically relevant heterocycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1632736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting the OER performance of NiFe₂O₄ through Cr and Mn doping via hydrothermal synthesis.","authors":"Davide Vendrame, Soufiane Boudjelida, Enrico Negro, Paolo Dolcet, Vito Di Noto, Silvia Gross","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1778233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1778233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing demand for green hydrogen requires efficient, cost-effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a process currently hindered by sluggish kinetics. This study explores the optimisation of the spinel oxide NiFe₂O₄ through the partial Fe substitution with Cr and Mn, synthesised via a subcritical hydrothermal method, as an alternative to the standard Pt-group metals (PGM)-based electrocatalysts for the OER in alkaline environment. The work aims to establish a direct correlation between the chemical nature of the dopant, the resulting physicochemical properties, and the electrocatalytic performance. Detailed structural and surface characterisation, including XRD, TEM, and XPS, revealed distinct behaviours for the two dopants. Cr incorporation successfully produced phase-pure spinel nanoparticles with significantly reduced crystallite sizes and very high specific surface area (up to 226 m²/g). In contrast, high Mn substitution led to the formation of secondary phases (Ni(OH)₂) and nanoscale inhomogeneity, which persisted even after calcination, suggesting an incomplete inclusion of the three different metals in the same spinel lattice. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the nature of the dopant strongly influences OER activity. While Mn-doped samples showed higher apparent activity than pristine NiFe₂O₄, this improvement was attributed solely to an increased number of active sites (surface area) rather than improved intrinsic kinetics. Conversely, the Cr-substituted sample NiFeCrO₄ exhibited superior performance, surprisingly matching the OER performances of the benchmark IrO_X. This outstanding activity was ascribed to a synergistic effect: the material combines a high specific surface area with enhanced intrinsic kinetics, driven by an optimal composition rich in Cr³⁺ which is hypothesised to modulate the overall <math> <mrow><msub><mi>e</mi> <mi>g</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> occupation to a favourable value for promoting the OER.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1778233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study of myopia progression in Chinese adolescents and application of polygenic risk score prediction.","authors":"Qinye Liu, Hui Shen, Xinglun Dang, Mike Zhongyu He, Yizhou Wei, Yingyun Shi, Xiaoyu Wei, Fen Chen, Di Han, Chengyong Liu, Jia Hu, Weina Liu","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1778732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1778732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the prevalence of myopia has sharply increased in East Asia, emerging as a major public health issue. This study aimed to identify genetic risk factors for myopia progression and to develop polygenic risk score (PRS) models to predict myopia progression risk. Genotyping was performed using the Asian Screening Array chip among 294 Chinese adolescents who completed a 2-year follow-up. A two-stage (discovery cohort: N = 176; replication cohort: N = 118) genome-wide association study (GWAS) was subsequently conducted. Functional annotation and MAGMA analysis were performed to confirm biological relevance of the identified loci in the progression of myopia. Based on GWAS results from the discovery cohort and a European population from the United Kingdom Biobank (N = 460,536), we constructed single-ancestry and cross-ancestry PRS models with PRSice-2 and PRS-CSx. We evaluated the predictive performance of these models using the replication cohort. Our meta-analysis identified seven novel suggestive loci associated with myopia progression, including <i>FSTL5</i> on 4q32.2, <i>SMARCA2</i> on 9p24.3, <i>CCDC3</i> on 10p13, <i>GALNT6/ACVR1B</i> on 12q13.13, <i>CRY1</i> on 12q23.3, <i>ULK2</i> on 17p11.2, and <i>MYL4/EFCAB13-DT</i> on 17q21.32. For myopia progression risk prediction in East Asians, PRS analysis showed that the East Asian training dataset (<i>R</i> ²: 5.69%; OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06-2.44; AUC: 0.66) outperformed both the European and cross-ancestry datasets. This study identified seven promising loci associated with myopia progression and demonstrated that PRS exhibited enhanced predictive performance in genetically and phenotypically matched populations. Our findings expand the genetic understanding of myopia progression in East Asian adolescents and provide new insights for myopia prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1778732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning for the prediction of gram-negative bacterial secreted effectors: advances and challenges.","authors":"Lesong Wei, Shida He, Zhengyang Fan","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1810136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1810136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurately identifying virulence-associated proteins secreted by Gram-negative pathogens is essential for elucidating bacterial pathogenic mechanisms and developing novel antimicrobial interventions. However, traditional experimental approaches for effector identification are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recent advances in machine learning (ML), ranging from handcrafted features to context-aware embeddings derived from protein language models, have significantly improved secreted effector prediction. Here, we provide a systematic overview of ML-based methods for secreted effector prediction, surveying available database resources, negative dataset construction strategies, feature representation approaches, and model architectures spanning classical machine learning to deep learning. We discuss fundamental challenges, including data scarcity and class imbalance, evaluation bias, and model interpretability. Finally, we outline future directions encompassing multimodal data integration, meta-learning to address data limitations, and uncertainty quantification to enhance predictive robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1810136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and translational research of magnesium in nursing care of orthopedic diseases: from mechanism to clinical translation.","authors":"Shaoying Sheng, Chengfei Yu, Manman Wang, Yiqing Tao, Yaojing Ma","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1817443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1817443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium is an essential bioactive ion that plays a central role in skeletal physiology. However, its contributions to bone biology and orthopedic practice are only beginning. Beyond its structural incorporation into bone mineral, magnesium dynamically regulates osteoblast and osteoclast function through signaling networks, including PI3K/Akt, TRPM, and the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis. Disruption of magnesium homeostasis has been increasingly implicated in osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing, and other skeletal pathologies. Concurrently, the emergence of biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials has introduced new opportunities for next-generation orthopedic implants that actively promote bone regeneration while eliminating the need for implant removal. Clinical implementation in magnesiumsupplementation is also growing, with evidence suggesting benefits for bone health, postoperative recovery, and pain management. This review summarizes the physiological functions of magnesium, magnesium related signals in bone metabolism, magnesium-related skeletal diseases, clinical applications of magnesium alloys, and nursing strategies for orthopedic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1817443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIT101308137 and HIT104293658 nominate dual target chemotypes for PTPN1 and PTPN2 with preliminary selectivity in colorectal cancer cells.","authors":"Chaojie Huang, Jingyun Chen, Rui Chen, Liping Cao","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2026.1782252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1782252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer remains a major clinical challenge, and dual targeting of PTPN1 and PTPN2 represents a promising strategy to modulate conserved phosphatase signaling relevant to tumor biology and immune regulation. Here, we identified and prioritized two compounds, HIT101308137 and HIT104293658, as dual compatible chemotypes for PTPN1 and PTPN2 through a structure guided workflow integrating pocket comparison, ligand based interaction hypothesis generation, and structure based evaluation under static and dynamic conditions. Sequence and structural analyses supported high conservation of the catalytic pocket, providing a feasible basis for dual target coverage. Screening and post docking tri metric prioritization nominated three shared candidates, of which HIT101308137 and HIT104293658 were further differentiated by microsecond molecular dynamics simulations and interaction occupancy profiling. In both targets, the candidates preserved an Arg centered anchoring pattern within the P loop, while exhibiting distinct binding behaviors: HIT101308137 maintained a more co crystal like, catalytic core coupled interaction network with stronger persistence of contacts associated with the WPD region, whereas HIT104293658 displayed a more entrance biased interaction distribution consistent with increased pose reorganization. In CCK 8 viability assays, HIT101308137 and HIT104293658 produced reproducible dose dependent reductions in viability in HCT116 and SW480 cells, while showing limited effects in NCM460 and FHC cells within the same concentration window. Together, these results nominate HIT101308137 and HIT104293658 as starting points for dual target optimization and provide a mechanistic rationale to enhance cellular potency while maintaining low impact on normal colonic epithelial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"1782252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}