Free Radical Research最新文献

The inhibitory potential of 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin derivatives on ROS-producing enzymes and direct HOO•/o2• - radical scavenging activity - a comprehensive kinetic DFT study. 4,7-二羟基香豆素衍生物对产生 ROS 的酶的抑制潜力和直接清除 HOO-/o2- 自由基的活性--一项全面的动力学 DFT 研究。

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2400674

Žiko Milanović,Svetlana Jeremić,Marko Antonijević,Dušan Dimić,Đura Nakarada,Edina Avdović,Zoran Marković

{"title":"The inhibitory potential of 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin derivatives on ROS-producing enzymes and direct HOO•/o2• - radical scavenging activity - a comprehensive kinetic DFT study.","authors":"Žiko Milanović,Svetlana Jeremić,Marko Antonijević,Dušan Dimić,Đura Nakarada,Edina Avdović,Zoran Marković","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2400674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2024.2400674","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the antiradical activity of three synthesized coumarin derivatives: (E)-3-(1-((2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)ethylidene)-2,4-dioxochroman-7-yl acetate (A1-OH), (E)-3-(1-((3-hydroxyphenyl)amino)ethylidene)-2,4-dioxochroman-7-yl acetate (A2-OH), and (E)-3-(1-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)ethylidene)-2,4-dioxochroman-7-yl acetate (A3-OH) against HOO•/O2•- radical species. The investigation included electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements and a DFT kinetic study. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of antiradical mechanisms-Formal Hydrogen Atom Transfer (f-HAT), Radical Adduct Formation (RAF), Sequential Proton Loss followed by Electron Transfer (SPLET), and Single-Electron Transfer followed by Proton Transfer (SET-PT)-were evaluated using the Quantum Mechanics-based test for Overall Free Radical Scavenging Activity (QM-ORSA) under physiological conditions. ESR results indicated antiradical activity decreased in the sequence A1-OH (58.7%) > A2-OH (57.5%) > A3-OH (53.1%). Kinetic analysis revealed the f-HAT mechanism dominated HOO• inactivation. A newly formulated Sequential Proton Loss followed by Radical Adduct Formation (SPL-RAF) mechanism described interactions with O2•-. The activity toward O2•- was A2-OH (1.26 × 106 M-1s-1) > A3-OH (7.71 × 105 M-1s-1) > A1-OH (4.22 × 105 M-1s-1). Molecular docking and dynamics studies tested inhibitory capability against enzymes producing reactive species: Lipoxygenase (LOX), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), and Xanthine Oxidase (XOD). Affinity to enzymes decreased in the order: XOD > LOX > NOX > MPO.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EP4 receptor agonist CAY10598 upregulates ROS-dependent Hsp90 cleavage in colorectal cancer cells. EP4受体激动剂CAY10598能上调结直肠癌细胞中依赖于ROS的Hsp90裂解。

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2396909

In Gyung Chae,Joohee Jung,Do-Hee Kim,Joon-Seok Choi,Kyung-Soo Chun

{"title":"EP4 receptor agonist CAY10598 upregulates ROS-dependent Hsp90 cleavage in colorectal cancer cells.","authors":"In Gyung Chae,Joohee Jung,Do-Hee Kim,Joon-Seok Choi,Kyung-Soo Chun","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2396909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2024.2396909","url":null,"abstract":"Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interacts with four specific G protein-coupled receptors, namely EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, playing a pivotal role in determining the fate of cells. Our previous findings highlighted that stimulating the EP4 receptor with its agonist, CAY10598, triggers apoptosis in colon cancer HCT116 cells via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process also reduces the phosphorylation of the oncogenic protein JAK2 and leads to its degradation in these cells. In this study, our goal was to explore the pathways through which CAY10598 leads to JAK2 degradation. We focused on Hsp90, a heat shock protein family member known for its role as a molecular chaperone maintaining the stability of several key proteins including EGFR, MET, Akt, and JAK2. Our results show that CAY10598 decreases the levels of client proteins of Hsp90 in HCT116 cells, an effect reversible by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or the proteasome inhibitor MG132, indicating that the degradation is likely driven by ROS. Furthermore, we observed that CAY10598 cleaves both α and β isoforms of Hsp90, the process inhibited by NAC. Inhibition of EP4 with the antagonist GW627368x not only prevented the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins but also the cleavage of Hsp90 itself in CAY10598-treated HCT116 cells. Additionally, CAY10598 suppressed the growth of HCT116 cells implanted in mice. Our findings reveal that CAY10598 induces apoptosis in cancer cells by a novel mechanism involving the ROS-dependent cleavage of Hsp90, thereby inhibiting the function of crucial Hsp90 client proteins.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polyphenolic metacyclophane as a radical scavenger for therapeutic activation: a computational study. 多酚类化合物 Metacyclophane 作为自由基清除剂用于激活疗法：计算研究。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2394121

Raktim Nath, Alaiha Zaheen, Sanchaita Rajkhowa, Rahul Kar

{"title":"Polyphenolic metacyclophane as a radical scavenger for therapeutic activation: a computational study.","authors":"Raktim Nath, Alaiha Zaheen, Sanchaita Rajkhowa, Rahul Kar","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2394121","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2394121","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling antioxidants for improved human health is a prime area of research. Inclusion complexes exhibit antioxidant activity. Supramolecular scaffolds like calixtyrosol are anticipated to have considerable antioxidant and therapeutic activity. In this study, we have designed 30 polyphenolic metacyclophanes and investigated their antioxidant properties. Exceptional O─H bond dissociation energy of 44 kcal/mol is reported for a metacyclophane with acyl urea linkage. This may be explained through a cooperative effect of localization of spin density distribution and an intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the corresponding radical. Further, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity analysis screened eight drug-like candidates. The interaction of the eight screened molecules with the Lysozyme transport protein and SOD protein has been studied using the molecular docking approach. Lastly, the MD simulations are performed to analyze the conformational changes of the transport protein after complexation with the proposed molecules. Comprehensive analyses including density functional studies of physiological parameters, favorable pharmacokinetics, toxicity, molecular docking, and MD simulations affirmed polyphenolic metacyclophane XXI as a radical scavenging and drug-like candidate.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduction of oxidative damage in prostate tissue caused by radiation and/or chloroquine by apocynin. 阿朴昔宁可减少辐射和/或氯喹对前列腺组织造成的氧化损伤。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2393147

Onur Ertik, Ayca Sezen Us, Ilknur Bugan Gul, Huseyin Us, Melis Coremen, Omur Karabulut Bulan, Refiye Yanardag

{"title":"Reduction of oxidative damage in prostate tissue caused by radiation and/or chloroquine by apocynin.","authors":"Onur Ertik, Ayca Sezen Us, Ilknur Bugan Gul, Huseyin Us, Melis Coremen, Omur Karabulut Bulan, Refiye Yanardag","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2393147","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2393147","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate damage can occur in men due to age and genetic factors, especially when exposed to external factors. Radiation (RAD) is a prominent factor leading to oxidative stress and potential prostate damage. Additionally, chloroquine (CQ), used in malaria treatment, can induce oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, reducing and preventing oxidative damage in prostate tissue caused by external factors is crucial. Rats used in the study were divided into seven groups, CQ, apocynin (APO), RAD, CQ + APO, CQ + RAD, APO + RAD, CQ + APO + RAD. Subsequently, in vivo biochemical parameters of prostate tissues were examined, including reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities, and total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress index, advanced oxidation protein products and histologically. The in vivo results presented in our study showed that APO reduced oxidative stress and had a protective effect on prostate tissue in the CQ, RAD, and CQ + RAD groups as a results of biochemical and histological experiments. Additionally, in silico studies revealed a higher binding affinity of diapocynin to target proteins compared to APO. As a histological results, RAD and CQ alone or in combination did not induce damage in prostate tissues, whereas mild histopathological findings such as hyperemia and haemorrhage were observed in all APO-treated groups. The results suggest that the use of APO for the treatment of oxidative damage induced by CQ and RAD in rats.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of hypochlorous acid inhalation on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes in rats of different ages. 吸入次氯酸对不同年龄大鼠抗氧化系统酶活性的影响。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2386688

Bohdan Murashevych, Hanna Maslak, Dmitry Girenko, Olha Abraimova, Olha Netronina, Volodymyr Shvets

{"title":"The effect of hypochlorous acid inhalation on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes in rats of different ages.","authors":"Bohdan Murashevych, Hanna Maslak, Dmitry Girenko, Olha Abraimova, Olha Netronina, Volodymyr Shvets","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2386688","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2386688","url":null,"abstract":"Hypochlorous acid HOCl is an effective disinfectant with a broad spectrum and high rate of microbicidal action. Its use for air treatment can be an effective tool for the prevention and therapy of infectious diseases. In this work, the in vivo study was conducted on 110 Wistar Han rats (12 and 72 weeks old) on the effect of a single inhalation of air containing gaseous HOCl on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes. For this, a special installation was designed to uniformly maintain the concentration of HOCl in the air and regulate it over a wide range. Inhalation exposure was carried out for 4 h at total chlorine concentrations in the air of approximately 2.0 mg/m3 and 5.0 mg/m3, after which the animals were observed for 14 days. The effect of inhalation on the antioxidant system activity varied significantly in animals of different ages. Catalase activity in young rats increased approximately 2-fold on days 1-2 after inhalation, regardless of the HOCl concentration, while in old animals a sharp dose-dependent decrease was initially observed. The glutathione peroxidase activity in animals of both ages increased upon inhalation of air with 5.0 mg/m3 HOCl, and in old animals this was more pronounced; when the HOCl concentration decreased to 2.0 mg/m3, this indicator increased slightly in old rats and remained virtually unchanged in young ones. The glutathione reductase activity when exposed to 2.0 mg/m3 HOCl did not change for both age groups, and with increasing HOCl concentration it increased by 1.5-2.0 times in all animals.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced anticancer activity of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) encapsulated NPs toward colon cancer cell lines. 增强(-)-表没食子儿茶素-3-棓酸盐（EGCG）包裹的 NPs 对结肠癌细胞株的抗癌活性。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2360013

Tanushree Das, Sanchaita Mondal, Sujata Das, Sanjib Das, Krishna Das Saha

{"title":"Enhanced anticancer activity of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) encapsulated NPs toward colon cancer cell lines.","authors":"Tanushree Das, Sanchaita Mondal, Sujata Das, Sanjib Das, Krishna Das Saha","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2360013","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2360013","url":null,"abstract":"(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive polyphenol of green tea, has chemo-preventive effects against various cancer cells. Nanoparticles (NPs) carrying different ligands are able to specifically interact with their receptors on different cancer cells that can provide effective release of cytotoxic drugs. In the present study, we have prepared EGCG entrapped NPs using PLGA (poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA) via double emulsion solvent evaporation (DESE) method obtained PLGA-EGCG (P-E), PLGA-PEG-EGCG (PP-E), and PLGA-PEG-FA-EGCG (PPF-E). Nanoformulations had been characterized with 1H NMR and FT-IR techniques, AFM, and DLS. PPF-E NPs showed an average size of 220 nm. Analysis of zeta potential confirmed the stability of NPs. HCT-116, HT-29, HCT-15, and HEK 293 cells were treated with both the prepared NPs and free EGCG (0-140 μM). Result showed PPF-E NPs had improved delivery, uptake and cell cytotoxicity toward human folic acid receptor-positive (FR+) colorectal cancer (CRC) cells as mainly on HCT-116 compared to HT-29, but not on the folic acid-negative cells (FR-) as HCT-15. PPF-E NPs enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in absence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), elevated DNA fragmentation level, and increased apoptotic cell death at higher doses compared to other two NPs and free EGCG. In conclusion, PPF-E NPs exerted greater efficacy than PP-E, P-E, and free EGCG in HCT-116 cells.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction. 更正。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2381328

引用次数: 0

Hydroxyl radical scavenging and chemical repair capabilities of positively charged peptides (PCPs): a pulse radiolysis study. 正电荷肽（PCPs）的羟自由基清除和化学修复能力：脉冲辐射分解研究。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2385342

Chaozhong Tian, Shinichi Yamashita, Atsushi Kimura, Yui Obata, Hao Yu, Mitsumasa Taguchi

{"title":"Hydroxyl radical scavenging and chemical repair capabilities of positively charged peptides (PCPs): a pulse radiolysis study.","authors":"Chaozhong Tian, Shinichi Yamashita, Atsushi Kimura, Yui Obata, Hao Yu, Mitsumasa Taguchi","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2385342","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2385342","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse radiolysis was employed to investigate fundamental radiation chemical reactions, which are essential in the radiation protection of DNA. Two positively charged peptides (PCPs), histidine-tyrosine-histidine (His-Tyr-His) and lysine-tyrosine-lysine (Lys-Tyr-Lys), as well as the amino acids that constitute them, were involved. The reaction rate constants for tyrosine (Tyr), histidine (His), lysine (Lys), His-Tyr-His, and Lys-Tyr-Lys with OH radicals (•OH) were (1.6 ± 0.3) × 1010, (9.0 ± 0.9) × 109, (1.4 ± 0.3) × 109, (1.8 ± 0.1) × 1010, and (1.0 ± 0.1) × 1010 M-1s-1, respectively, indicating that formation of peptide bond can affect the reaction of amino acids with •OH. Observed transient absorption spectra indicated a shielding effect of the His or Lys residues at both ends of the PCPs on the centrally located Tyr. The measurement of chemical repair capabilities using deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) as a model for DNA demonstrated that the reaction rate constants of Tyr, His-Tyr-His, and Lys-Tyr-Lys with dGMP radicals were (2.2 ± 0.5) × 108, (2.3 ± 0.1) × 108, and (3.3 ± 0.4) × 108 M-1s-1, respectively, implying that the presence of a positive charge may enhance the chemical repair process.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling an oxidative stress-linked diagnostic signature and molecular subtypes in preeclampsia: novel insights into pathogenesis. 揭示与氧化应激相关的子痫前期诊断特征和分子亚型：对发病机制的新见解。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2360015

Rurong Mao, Li Li, Penghao Li

{"title":"Unveiling an oxidative stress-linked diagnostic signature and molecular subtypes in preeclampsia: novel insights into pathogenesis.","authors":"Rurong Mao, Li Li, Penghao Li","doi":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2360015","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10715762.2024.2360015","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and organ dysfunction, affecting both maternal and fetal health. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PE, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify a diagnostic signature and molecular subtypes associated with oxidative stress in PE to gain novel insights into its pathogenesis. The ssGSEA algorithm evaluated oxidative stress-related pathway scores using transcriptional data from the GSE75010 dataset. Oxidative stress-related genes (ORGs) were co lected from these pathways, and hub ORGs associated with PE were identified using the LASSO and logistic regression models. A nomogram prediction model was constructed using the identified ORGs. Consensus clustering identified two molecular subgroups related to oxidative stress, labeled as C1 and C2, with unique immune characteristics and inflammatory pathway profiles. Seventy ORGs associated with oxidative stress, ce l death, and inflammation-related pathways were identified in PE. EGFR, RIPK3, and ALAD were confirmed as core ORGs for PE biomarkers. The C1 and C2 subgroups exhibited distinct immune characteristics and inflammatory pathway profiles. This study provides novel insights into the role of oxidative stress in PE pathogenesis. A diagnostic signature and molecular subtypes associated with oxidative stress were identified, which may improve understanding, diagnosis, and management of PE.","PeriodicalId":12411,"journal":{"name":"Free Radical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ferroptosis: a new target for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury? 铁蛋白沉积：肝缺血再灌注损伤的新靶点？

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Free Radical Research Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2386075

Shanshan Guo, Zexin Li, Yi Liu, Ying Cheng, Degong Jia

引用次数: 0