Foods最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Reported Aflatoxin Levels in EU's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) Notifications.","authors":"Ron Kow, Benjamin Er, Joanna Khoo, Joanne Sheot Harn Chan, Kyaw Thu Aung","doi":"10.3390/foods14183250","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxins are one of the major mycotoxins contaminating food and feed. This study analyses 14 years of notifications on aflatoxins (2010-2023) from the European Union's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) to assess contamination risk based on notification counts and the reported aflatoxin levels. The distribution of food and feed in notifications indicates that peanuts (34.4%), pistachios (17.3%) and figs (12.5%) have the highest contamination risk. Among major food-origin combinations, significant differences in the distributions of aflatoxin levels suggest the influence of country-specific factors on contamination patterns. The data also revealed a distinct seasonal peak in notifications on figs from Türkiye in the last quarter of the year, as well as rising trends in median aflatoxin levels over 14 years for figs from Türkiye and pistachios from Iran, with each having a fivefold increase in median levels from 2010 to 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Risks, Fatigue, and Loyalty in Food Delivery Apps: The Moderating Power of Nutrition Disclosure and Chatbots.","authors":"Joonho Moon, Yunho Ji","doi":"10.3390/foods14183253","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The healthiness of food can become a weakness of food delivery app services. Hence, this research aims to examine the relationships among health risk, fatigue, loyalty, nutrition disclosure, and chatbot information in the context of food delivery apps. In particular, this study investigates the moderating roles of nutrition disclosure and chatbot information on the effect of health risk on fatigue, using information overload as the theoretical underpinning. Data were collected through an online survey on the Clickworker platform, with 364 valid responses from consumers in the U.S. market. This study employed Hayes's PROCESS Macro Model 7 to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that loyalty is significantly affected by both health risk and fatigue. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate significant moderating effects of nutrition disclosure and chatbot information on the relationship between health risk and fatigue. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the associations among the five constructs and additionally provides important managerial implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Landscape and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in Retail Chicken in Qingdao, China.","authors":"Wei Wang, Yao Zhong, Juntao Jia, Lidan Ma, Yan Lu, Qiushui Wang, Lijuan Gao, Jijuan Cao, Yinping Dong, Qiuyue Zheng, Jing Xiao","doi":"10.3390/foods14183260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>L. monocytogenes</i>) is an important foodborne pathogen that poses great risks to food safety and public health, and knowledge about its presence and diversity in potential sources is crucial for effectively tracking and controlling it in the food chain. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genomic characteristics of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>L. monocytogenes</i>) collected from retail chicken meat samples in Qingdao, China, in 2022. A total of 38 (10.6%, 38/360) <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates were recovered from 360 retail chickens. All 38 isolates were classified into two lineages (I and II), three serogroups (IIa, IIb, IIc), eight sequence types (STs), eight clonal complexes (CCs), eight Sublineages (SLs) and nine cgMLSTs (CTs). ST121 and ST9 were the most prevalent STs in this study. The ST121 strains from China had heterogeneity with those from other countries, while the Chinese ST9 strains had homogeneity with those from other countries. One resistance cassette <i>tet(M)-entS-msr(D)</i> was identified in eight L2-SL121-ST121-CT13265 isolates, the genetic structure of which was identical to that of three reference genomes. All isolates carried the <i>L. monocytogenes</i> pathogenic island (LIPI)-1, with only one carrying LIPI-3 and three carrying LIPI-4. In addition, 11 isolates subtyped as L2-SL121-ST121-CT13265 were found to have a premature stop codon (PMSC) in the <i>inlA</i> gene in this study. Our data revealed the antimicrobial susceptibility, genomic characteristics and evolutionary relationships of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in retail chicken in Qingdao, China. The characterization of genotypes, virulence, stress and antimicrobial markers of strains circulating in retail chicken in Qingdao, as described in this study, provides the opportunity to improve risk assessments of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Analytical Patterns for Hazardous Components in Agricultural Production Systems.","authors":"Shiyu Deng, Xinxin Wu, Yongqiang Shi, Hany S El-Mesery, Xinai Zhang","doi":"10.3390/foods14183261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global food safety concerns underscore the critical importance of detecting hazardous components in agricultural production. This systematic review uncovers the prevalence and health impacts of common hazardous agents in agricultural commodities, including pesticide residues, heavy metals, mycotoxins, microbial contaminants, antibiotic residues, and genetically modified material. It thoroughly analyzes research progress in conventional detection methodologies. Furthermore, the review critically examines current challenges and future trajectories in analysis patterns, with particular emphasis on integrated technological approaches, field-deployable rapid detection devices, and the development of global standardized frameworks. This work aims to provide comprehensive technical guidance for the efficient and precise detection of hazardous components in agricultural products and to inform the advancement of robust food safety regulatory systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Crude Polysaccharides from <i>Dendrobium denneanum</i> (A Genuine Medicinal Herb of Sichuan) on Acute Gastric Ulcer Model in Rats.","authors":"Zenglin Wu, Xuzhong Tang, Lijuan Wu, Lei Xie, Qing Yu, Xinyi Zhao, Yixue Tian, Zhiming Liu, Yadong Mi, Weiping Zhong, Rui Li, Mengliang Tian","doi":"10.3390/foods14183258","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dendrobium denneanum</i> Kerr, <i>Dendrobium denneanum</i> Kerr, an orchid in the food-medicine homology catalog, is traditionally used for stomach-nourishing, yin-tonifying, and immunity-enhancing. While its preventive effect on acute gastric ulcers is confirmed, variations among genuine producing areas remain underexplored. This study comparatively analyzed components of <i>D. denneanum</i> from 22 habitats and their polysaccharides' (DDP) anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activities. Results showed habitat-dependent active components: total sugar (20-51.49%), crude polysaccharide yield (0.29-1.76%), and total phenol (~3%). In vitro, all extracts exhibited dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH (IC₅₀: 0.99-2.11 mg/mL), ABTS (0.61-1.62 mg/mL), and hydroxyl radicals (1.02-2.18 mg/mL), with Habitats 5 and 7 showing the strongest activity. GPC, ion chromatography, and FT-IR revealed DDP had a 5-11 kDa molecular weight, dominated by glucose (49.67-84.73%), plus mannose (8.29-12.25%) and galactose (0.96-16.41%), with shared hydroxyl (3400 cm^-1) and β-glycosidic bond (890 cm^-1) features. In ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rats, DDP exerted dose-dependent protection: low doses (100 mg/kg/d) reduced ulcer index, increased SOD/GSH-Px (1.5-1.8-fold), decreased MDA (30-35%), and elevated PGE₂; high doses (400 mg/kg/d) further inhibited serum TNF-α/IL-6 (25-40%) and improved histopathology. Conclusion: Despite habitat-dependent component variations, DDP maintains consistent structures. This study first confirms DDP protects gastric mucosa via antioxidant-anti-inflammatory synergism, supporting its development as a natural gastroprotectant. Future work may focus on standardized cultivation and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Profiling of Starch-Degrading Enzymes in Nong-Flavor Daqu: Molecular Markers for Quantitative Quality Evaluation.","authors":"Yijia Jiang, Yue Lu, Yanling Jin, Yi Shen, Nian Liu, Shu Bao, Kui Peng, Langfei Gan, Chaokai Wang, Yuling Zhang, Lanchai Chen, Bo Chen, Yao Xiao, Kaize He, Zhuolin Yi, Hai Zhao","doi":"10.3390/foods14183239","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nong-flavor (NF) Daqu, a critical fermentation starter for traditional Baijiu, harbors diverse starch-degrading enzymes with poorly characterized functional dynamics. This study transcended traditional quality assessments by developing molecular approaches to dissect starch-hydrolyzing enzyme genes. Specific and degenerate primers targeting glucoamylase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase genes were designed, and key genes were qualitatively identified with distinct distributions among NF Daqus and unique presences between JXL and HB Daqu. Quantitative PCR revealed six genes with elevated expression in JXL Daqu versus HB Daqu, and which peaked during late fermentation in both Daqus. Metagenomics identified greater enzymatic diversity in HB Daqu. Phylogenetic clustering confirmed evolutionary conservation (GH13/GH15/GH31 families) and specificity of core enzyme genes across both Daqus. Enzymatic assays demonstrated the dominance of saccharification over α-glucosidase activity in both Daqus, with significantly higher α-glucosidase activity in JXL than HB Daqu. Divergent starch degradation strategies emerged: JXL prioritized high enzyme expression/activity, while HB utilized broader gene abundance. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, the saccharification activity showed the highest but weak correlation with α-glucosidase gene_15963 (r = 0.26), and was also positively correlated with the expression of all other enzyme genes except one glucoamylase gene. Meanwhile, α-glucosidase activity was most strongly linked to glucoamylase gene_22243 (r = 0.76), with additional correlations with two α-glucosidase genes being observed. This establishes RNA-based biomarkers for real-time quality control. Our findings decode divergent microbial strategies (JXL: high-expression/high-activity vs. HB: high-diversity) and provide a molecular framework for optimizing starch utilization in Baijiu fermentation. This technology holds potential to enable precision-driven standardization of traditional food production, which would reduce processing waste and enhance resource efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pterostilbene Eliminates MRSA Independent of Metabolic State and Effectively Prevents Biofilm Formation in Milk Matrices.","authors":"Xiaoyong Huang, Huiting Yang, Chenli Wang, Shiqi Yan, Xiaomin Ren, Zilong Sun","doi":"10.3390/foods14183236","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relentless spread of antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to global public health, food safety, and environmental security. Natural products with potent antimicrobial activity offer prospective substitutes for traditional antibiotics and chemical preservatives. Here, we demonstrate that pterostilbene (PT), a natural dietary compound, exhibits rapid lytic activity against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). PT displayed metabolism-independent bactericidal effects, effectively eradicating dormant persister cells within one hour, though its activity was partially attenuated under anaerobic conditions. Mechanistically, PT disrupted membrane integrity by increasing permeability, dissipating membrane potential, depleting cellular ATP, and suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Its efficacy was modulated by membrane phospholipid composition, with phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL) critically influencing antimicrobial potency. Crucially, PT robustly inhibited MRSA biofilm formation in milk. These findings highlight PT's potential as a structurally stable, natural antimicrobial for controlling resilient MRSA, particularly against biofilm-associated and persister subpopulations in food systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral Imaging-Based Deep Learning Method for Detecting Quarantine Diseases in Apples.","authors":"Hang Zhang, Naibo Ye, Jingru Gong, Huajie Xue, Peihao Wang, Binbin Jiao, Liping Yin, Xi Qiao","doi":"10.3390/foods14183246","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid detection of quarantine diseases in apples is essential for import-export control but remains difficult because routine inspections rely on manual visual checks that limit automation at port scale. A fast, non-destructive system suitable for deployment at customs is therefore needed. In this study, three common apple quarantine pathogens were targeted using hyperspectral images acquired by a close-range hyperspectral camera and analyzed with a convolutional neural network (CNN). Symptoms of these diseases often appear similar in RGB images, making reliable differentiation difficult. Reflectance from 400 to 1000 nm was recorded to provide richer spectral detail for separating subtle disease signatures. To quantify stage-dependent differences, average reflectance curves were extracted for apples infected by each pathogen at early, middle, and late lesion stages. A CNN tailored to hyperspectral inputs, termed HSC-Resnet, was designed with an increased number of convolutional channels to accommodate the broad spectral dimension and with channel and spatial attention integrated to highlight informative bands and regions. HSC-Resnet achieved a precision of 95.51%, indicating strong potential for fast, accurate, and non-destructive detection of apple quarantine diseases in import-export management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in Smoothness of Fermented Soymilk Yogurt-Mimic by Effective Use of Applicable Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains.","authors":"Wei Fu, Akio Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Yano","doi":"10.3390/foods14183235","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fermented soymilk yogurt has been produced rapidly in recent years due to its health benefits and the growing demand for plant-based foods to address trends in sustainable development goals. This study investigated the smoothness and quality of soymilk yogurt-mimics fermented by four strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through image processing, physicochemical properties, and taste analysis. By comparing the primary fermentation products of the four strains and the secondary fermentation products produced using the primary fermentation products with different refrigeration time as passage cultures, it was found that control strain could not produce fermented soymilk yogurt-mimic with good smoothness via technical improvement, while the AL3G1 strain, AL21D1 strain, and AL28A1 strain, which were used to produce the secondary fermentation products fermented using their primary fermentation products refrigerated for four days, exhibited relatively good smoothness, and superior rheological properties and flavor quality. This study aims to contribute an approach to improving the smoothness of fermented soymilk yogurt-mimic by effective use of applicable LAB strain and proper fermentation conditions. It will be beneficial to meet the strong demand for fermented soymilk product commercialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Mechanism of Broad Bean Extract on Parkinson's Disease Model Cells.","authors":"Xuhao Chen, Qiang Gao, Tingting Li, Jiajia Zhao, Yujiao Liu, Xuejun Wang, Mingcong Fan, Haifeng Qian, Yan Li, Li Wang","doi":"10.3390/foods14183244","DOIUrl":"10.3390/foods14183244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broad beans, natural sources of L-DOPA and bioactive phenolics show promise for Parkinson's disease intervention. This study investigated broad bean extracts' protective mechanisms against PD pathogenesis. Among screened varieties, QC25 extract exhibited optimal protection in MPP⁺-injured PC12 cells, improving viability, reducing LDH release, and mitigating cell cycle arrest. QC25 extract rescued mitochondrial dysfunction by suppressing ROS, restoring membrane potential, normalizing Ca²⁺ homeostasis, and recovering ATP synthesis. Metabolomics identified glycerophospholipid metabolism as the core protective pathway, mediating mitochondrial membrane stabilization. QC25 extract further activated PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, upregulating PINK1 and Parkin expression. Crucially, 6-gingerol-uniquely detected in QC25 extract-synergized with L-DOPA, enhancing cell viability and amplifying mitophagy through complementary mitochondrial repair mechanisms. These findings demonstrate QC25 broad bean variety exerts' protective effects on PD model cells by regulating mitochondrial function and mitophagy, and its unique component 6-gingerol synergizes with L-DOPA to strengthen these effects. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of QC25 as a functional food ingredient for neurological health maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}