Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical acupuncture at HT7 attenuates alcohol self-administration in rats by modulating neuroinflammation and altering mPFC-habenula-VTA circuit activity.","authors":"Su Yeon Seo, Se Kyun Bang, Suk Yun Kang, Seong Jin Cho, Kwang-Ho Choi, Yeonhee Ryu","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1455622","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1455622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alcohol use disorder is a chronic disorder with significant limitations in pharmacological treatments, necessitating the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a model of alcohol self-administration (10% v/v) to analyze behavioral, neurochemical, and signaling mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that stimulation of the HT7 acupuncture point significantly decreased the frequency of active lever presses in rats self-administering alcohol (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Alcohol self-administration increased microglial activity and sigma 1 receptor expression in the habenula (Hb), while HT7 stimulation mitigated these effects, decreasing microglial activity and sigma 1 receptor levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, alcohol self-administration reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HT7 stimulation reversed these alterations by increasing BDNF expression in the mPFC and decreasing TH levels in the VTA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that BDNF microinjection into the mPFC inhibited sigma 1 receptor activity in the Hb, while microglial inhibition in the Hb decreased TH expression in the VTA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The administration of the microglial inhibitor MINO to the Hb also reduced alcohol self-administration (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest that HT7 stimulation regulates the mPFC-Hb-VTA circuit, leading to decreased alcohol-seeking behavior. Our study demonstrates that HT7 acupuncture can modulate the mPFC-Hb-VTA circuit, providing a potential non-pharmacological treatment for alcohol-seeking behavior by influencing microglial activity, sigma 1 receptor expression, and TH levels. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture's therapeutic effects on alcohol use disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1455622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement learning in motor skill acquisition: using the reward positivity to understand the mechanisms underlying short- and long-term behavior adaptation.","authors":"Mariane F B Bacelar, Keith R Lohse, Juliana O Parma, Matthew W Miller","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1466970","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1466970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>According to reinforcement learning, humans adjust their behavior based on the difference between actual and anticipated outcomes (i.e., prediction error) with the main goal of maximizing rewards through their actions. Despite offering a strong theoretical framework to understand how we acquire motor skills, very few studies have investigated reinforcement learning predictions and its underlying mechanisms in motor skill acquisition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, we explored a 134-person dataset consisting of learners' feedback-evoked brain activity (reward positivity; RewP) and motor accuracy during the practice phase and delayed retention test to investigate whether these variables interacted according to reinforcement learning predictions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed a non-linear relationship between RewP and trial accuracy, which was moderated by the learners' performance level. Specifically, high-performing learners were more sensitive to violations in reward expectations compared to low-performing learners, likely because they developed a stronger representation of the skill and were able to rely on more stable outcome predictions. Furthermore, contrary to our prediction, the average RewP during acquisition did not predict performance on the delayed retention test.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together, these findings support the use of reinforcement learning models to understand short-term behavior adaptation and highlight the complexity of the motor skill consolidation process, which would benefit from a multi-mechanistic approach to further our understanding of this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1466970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social contagion of pain and fear results in opposite social behaviors in rodents: meta- analysis of experimental studies.","authors":"Rui Du, Yang Yu, Xiao-Liang Wang, Guofang Lu, Jun Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1478456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1478456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study aimed to explore the key factors influencing emotional valence in rodents, focusing on the critical elements that distinguish the contagion processes of fear and pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined behavioral outcomes of rodents exposed to painful or fearful catastrophes to see whether they are prosocial or antisocial through three-chamber test and dyadic social interaction paradigm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fear contagion, particularly when witnessed, leads to social avoidance behavior, unaffected by sex difference but more pronounced with age. In contrast, pain contagion promotes social approach and caring/helping behaviors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present study demonstrates that the emotional valence induced by pain contagion is quite different from fear contagion and this difference may result in different motivations and social behaviors, namely, social contagion of pain is likely to be more associated with prosocial behaviors, however, social contagion of fear is likely to be more associated with antisocial behaviors.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42024566326).</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1478456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Generalization and discrimination of inhibitory avoidance differentially engage anterior and posterior retrosplenial subregions.","authors":"Erisa Met Hoxha, Payton K Robinson, Kaitlyn M Greer, Sydney Trask","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1508609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1508609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1327858.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1508609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired maturation of resting-state connectivity in anorexia nervosa from adolescence to adulthood: differential mechanisms of consummatory vs. anticipatory responses through a symptom provocation paradigm.","authors":"Andrea Mendez-Torrijos, Mageshwar Selvakumar, Silke Kreitz, Julie Roesch, Arnd Dörfler, Georgios Paslakis, Johannes Krehbiel, Sabine Steins-Löber, Oliver Kratz, Stefanie Horndasch, Andreas Hess","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1451691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1451691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined resting-state (RS) connectivity in adolescent and adult patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) using symptom provocation paradigms. Differential food reward mechanisms were investigated through separate assessments of responses to food images and low-caloric/high-caloric food consumption. Thirteen young (≤ 21 years) and seventeen adult (> 21 years) patients with AN and age-matched controls underwent two stimulus-driven fMRI sessions involving RS scans before and after the presentation of food-related stimuli and food consumption. Graph theory and machine learning were used for analyzing the fMRI and clinical data. Healthy controls (HCs) showed widespread developmental changes, while young participants with AN exhibited cerebellum differences for high-calorie food. Young individuals with AN displayed increased connectivity during the consumption of potato chips compared to zucchini, with no differences in adults with AN. Multiparametric machine learning accurately distinguished young individuals with AN from healthy controls based on RS connectivity following food visual stimulation (\"anticipatory\") and consumption (\"consummatory\"). This study highlights the differential food reward mechanisms and minimal developmental changes in RS connectivity from youth to adulthood in individuals with AN compared to healthy controls. Young individuals with AN demonstrated heightened reactivity to high-caloric foods, while adults showed decreased responsiveness, potentially due to desensitization. These findings shed light on aberrant eating behaviors in individuals with AN and contribute to our understanding of the chronicity of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1451691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct acute stressors produce different intensity of anxiety-like behavior and differential glutamate release in zebrafish brain.","authors":"Milena Letícia Martins, Emerson Feio Pinheiro, Geovanna Ayami Saito, Caroline Araújo Costa De Lima, Luana Ketlen Reis Leão, Evander de Jesus Oliveira Batista, Adelaide da Conceição Fonseca Passos, Amauri Gouveia, Karen Renata Herculano Matos Oliveira, Anderson Manoel Herculano","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1464992","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1464992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorder is one of the most well-characterized behavioral disorders in individuals subjected to acute or chronic stress. However, few studies have demonstrated how different types of stressors can modulate the neurochemical alterations involved in the generation of anxiety. In this study, we hypothesize that subjects exposed to different aversive stimuli (mechanical, chemical, and spatial restriction) present varied intensities of anxiety-like responses associated with distinct patterns of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate release in the brain. Adult zebrafish, <i>Danio rerio</i> (<i>n</i> = 60), were randomly divided into four experimental groups; control, acute restraint stress (ARS), conspecific alarm substance (CAS), and chasing with net (CN). After the stress protocols, the animals were individually transferred to a novel tank diving test for behavioral analysis. Subsequently, their brains were collected and subjected to GABA and glutamate release assay for quantification by HPLC. Our behavioral results showed that all aversive stimuli were capable of inducing anxiety-like behavior. However, the impact of anxiogenic behavior was more prominent in the CN and CAS groups when compared to ARS. This phenomenon was evident in all analyzed behavioral parameters (time on top, freezing, mean speed, maximum speed, and erratic swimming). Our data also showed that all aversive stimuli significantly decreased GABA release compared to the control group. Only animals exposed to CN and CAS presented an increase in extracellular glutamate levels. Different acute stressors induced different levels of anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish as well as specific alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic release in the brain. These results demonstrate the complexity of anxiety disorders, highlighting that both behavioral and neurochemical responses are highly context-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1464992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental enrichment in middle age rats improves spatial and object memory discrimination deficits.","authors":"Magdalena Miranda, Maria Carla Navas, Maria Belen Zanoni Saad, Dinka Piromalli Girado, Noelia Weisstaub, Pedro Bekinschtein","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1478656","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1478656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in memory performance are one of the main symptoms of normal aging. The storage of similar experiences as different memories (ie. behavioral pattern separation), becomes less efficient as aging progresses. Studies have focused on hippocampus dependent spatial memories and their role in the aging related deficits in behavioral pattern separation (BPS) by targeting high similarity interference conditions. However, parahippocampal cortices such as the perirhinal cortex are also particularly vulnerable to aging. Middle age is thought to be the stage where mild mnemonic deficits begin to emerge. Therefore, a better understanding of the timing of the spatial and object domain memory impairment could shed light over how plasticity changes in the parahipocampal-hippocampal system affects mnemonic function in early aging. In the present work, we compared the performance of young and middle-aged rats in both spatial (spontaneous location recognition) and non-spatial (spontaneous object recognition) behavioral pattern separation tasks to understand the comparative progression of these deficits from early stages of aging. Moreover, we explored the impact of environmental enrichment (EE) as an intervention with important translational value. Although a bulk of studies have examined the contribution of EE for preventing age related memory decline in diverse cognitive domains, there is limited knowledge of how this intervention could specifically impact on BPS function in middle-aged animals. Here we evaluate the effects of EE as modulator of BPS, and its ability to revert the deficits caused by normal aging at early stages. We reveal a domain-dependent impairment in behavioral pattern separation in middle-aged rats, with spatial memories affected independently of the similarity of the experiences and object memories only affected when the stimuli are similar, an effect that could be linked to the higher interference seen in this group. Moreover, we found that EE significantly enhanced behavioral performance in middle-aged rats in the spatial and object domain, and this improvement is specific of the high similarity load condition. In conclusion, these results suggest that memory is differentially affected by aging in the object and spatial domains, but that BPS function is responsive to an EE intervention in a multidomain manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1478656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating effect of problem-focused coping on the relationship between emotional clarity and mental health among older adults.","authors":"Myung Hyun Cho, Kee-Hong Choi","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1465254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1465254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Individuals who can recognize emotions well are better able to identify and accept their feelings and manage them. This study examined the mediation of problem-focused coping in the pathway through which emotional clarity predicts higher life satisfaction and lower depression in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 150 older adults (75 male and 75 female, aged 60-69 years, with a mean of 64.53 [SD = 2.49]) participated in a face-to-face survey, answering questions on emotional clarity, problem-focused coping, life satisfaction, and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emotional clarity was associated with higher life satisfaction and lower depression in older adults. People who were aware of their emotions well were in better emotional condition. Mediation analysis revealed that problem-focused coping mediated the positive relationship between emotional clarity and life satisfaction and the negative relationship between emotional clarity and depression. Older adults who understand their own emotions tend to deal with emotional events in a problem-focused manner, leading to high life satisfaction and low depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies cognitive conditions for increasing life satisfaction and preventing depression in later life and offers suggestions for personal and social efforts to maintain mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1465254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11518735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary wheel-running exercise improvement of anxiety or depressive symptoms in different models of depression.","authors":"Haodi Shen, Xuemei Li, Junyao Zhai, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1435891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1435891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of voluntary wheel-running exercise in different rodent models of depression remain unclear, and further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the currently available findings on whether voluntary wheel-running exercise can alleviate depressive symptoms in five different rodent models of depression. The findings of the comprehensive meta-analysis imply that engaging in voluntary wheel-running exercise has a beneficial effect on alleviating depressive symptoms in rodent models that simulate depression. While further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and limitations of this intervention future research should aim to conduct larger. Well-designed studies that use standardized protocols and outcome measures. This would help to reduce heterogeneity between studies and improve the overall quality of the evidence base. Additionally, studies should explore the potential mechanisms of action of voluntary wheel-running exercise in treating depression, such as changes in neurotransmitter levels, neuroplasticity, and inflammation. The results suggest that it may hold promise as an adjunctive therapy for depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1435891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11518726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory stimuli suppress contextual fear responses in safety learning independent of a possible safety meaning.","authors":"Elena Mombelli, Denys Osypenko, Shriya Palchaudhuri, Christos Sourmpis, Johanni Brea, Olexiy Kochubey, Ralf Schneggenburger","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1415047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1415047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Safety learning allows the identification of non-threatening situations, a learning process instrumental for survival and psychic health. In contrast to fear learning, in which a sensory cue (conditioned stimulus, CS) is temporally linked to a mildly aversive stimulus (US), safety learning is studied by presenting the CS and US in an explicitly unpaired fashion. This leads to conditioned inhibition of fear responses, in which sensory cues can acquire a safety meaning (CS-). In one variant of safety learning, an auditory CS- was shown to reduce contextual fear responses during recall, as measured by freezing of mice. Here, we performed control experiments to test whether auditory stimuli might interfere with freezing by mechanisms other than safety learning, a phenomenon also called external inhibition. Surprisingly, when auditory stimulation was omitted during training (US-only controls), such stimuli still significantly suppressed contextual freezing during recall, indistinguishable from the reduction of freezing after regular safety training. The degree of this external inhibition was positively correlated with the levels of contextual freezing preceding the auditory stimulation. Correspondingly, in fear learning protocols which employ a new context during recall and therefore induce lower contextual freezing, auditory stimuli did not induce significant external inhibition. These experiments show that in safety learning protocols that employ contextual freezing, the freezing reduction caused by auditory stimuli during recall is dominated by external inhibition, rather than by learned safety. Thus, in safety learning experiments extensive controls should be performed to rule out possible intrinsic effects of sensory cues on freezing behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1415047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}