Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Clinical expertise shifts psychological distancing from effortful regulation to reduced engagement on internally oriented processing during multitasking.","authors":"Kelssy Hitomi Dos Santos Kawata, Shusaku Uruta, Airi Watanabe, Koki Ono, Shoichiro Amari, Hironori Nakatani, Kyosuke Nozawa, Mihoko Sasaka, Kimikazu Kashiwagi, Hiroshi Oyama","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1811561","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1811561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical decision-making often occurs under conditions of high cognitive load, emotional stress, and time pressure. Psychological distancing, an emotion-focused coping strategy involving the mental separation of oneself from emotionally stressful situations to reduce affective impact, supports affect regulation in such contexts; however, its neural implementation during realistic multitasking and the extent to which it is shaped by clinical expertise remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the neural correlates of psychological distancing during high-risk multitasking clinical scenarios in experienced nurses and nursing students. Participants first completed immersive virtual reality simulations of realistic clinical situations, followed by an auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging task derived from the same scenarios. Psychological distancing was assessed using a validated self-report measure, and brain-behavior associations were examined separately for experienced nurses and nursing students.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although self-reported psychological distancing did not differ between groups, clear expertise-related neural differences were observed. In experienced nurses, higher distancing was associated with reduced activation in regions of the default mode network, including the angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and precuneus, which are implicated in internally oriented cognitive and emotional processing. In contrast, nursing students exhibited increased activation restricted to the cerebellum, suggesting greater dependence on effortful and compensatory neural mechanisms during emotion regulation under multitasking demands.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide evidence that clinical expertise may influence the neural implementation of psychological distancing, shifting it from effortful regulation toward reduced engagement of internally oriented processing, which may reflect a more automatized regulatory implementation. This neural process may support adaptive emotion regulation during decision-making under stress, highlighting a potential neurobehavioral mechanism through which expertise shapes performance in complex clinical environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1811561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148723805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>ADAMTS18</i> as a candidate gene linking social stress and depression: a cross-species study in African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>) and humans.","authors":"Jihoon Park, Jin-Gwan Jeon, Youbin Kang, Kyu-Man Han, Daun Shin, Mi-Ryung Han, Byung-Joo Ham","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1878769","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1878769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability; however, its neurogenetic mechanisms remain partially understood. Comparative genomic approaches reveal evolutionarily conserved risk factors, particularly when applied to ecologically valid models. <i>Lycaon pictus</i> is a social carnivore whose affiliative behavior has been shaped by natural selection. Since impaired social and affiliative function are a feature of depression, genes selected for social function in this species may serve as candidates for the social-affective dimension of MDD. Here, a comparative approach was integrated with human neuroimaging-genetic analysis, focusing on white matter phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing data from <i>Lycaon pictus</i> (<i>n</i> = 7) and <i>Canis lupus</i> (<i>n</i> = 36) were analyzed alongside a human cohort of 367 patients with MDD and 161 healthy controls using rare variant association tests. Across analyses, <i>ADAMTS18</i> emerged as a convergent gene of interest. Whole-exome sequencing and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were conducted on 234 patients with MDD and 135 healthy controls. Eleven common SNPs within <i>ADAMTS18</i> were examined for genotype-by-diagnosis and genotype-by-symptom interactions using tract-based DTI metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SNP rs11643211 showed a nominal genotype × diagnosis interaction on axial diffusivity in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, with elevated values in A allele carriers with MDD. In symptom-based models, rs1948719 was nominally associated with depression severity in the left cingulum-cingulate gyrus. Although these associations did not survive false discovery rate correction, the nominal effects appeared to cluster within tracts implicated in affective integration and self-referential cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study is hypothesis-generating and identifies <i>ADAMTS18</i> as a gene worth further study in relation to white matter and depression. Cross-species neurogenomics may offer a useful framework for investigating links among social behavior, genetic variation and psychiatric vulnerability. However, given the small sample sizes and the absence of FDR-significant results, these findings should be interpreted as providing an exploratory framework for identifying candidate markers relevant to MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1878769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mouse model of oxycodone reward following its oral self-administration in a sweetened solution.","authors":"Shayesteh Rounama, Prince Meziem, Abdul Hamid, Iffat H Era, Kabirullah Lutfy","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1862996","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1862996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to develop a preclinical model in which reinforcement and reward can be measured in the same subject. To this end, we combined the power of drug self-administration and place conditioning paradigms and determined whether voluntary oral oxycodone self-administration would induce conditioned place preference (CPP) and whether this response could be extinguished and reinstated. To assess the face validity of the model, we also evaluated the role of the mu-opioid receptor (MOP) in this process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female C57BL/6 mice, as well as male MOP knockout mice and their wild-type littermates, were initially conditioned with sucrose (4%) in both conditioning chambers for 1 h daily for 2 weeks (4 days a week). Mice were then tested for basal place preference and then underwent alternate-day conditioning (1 h daily) with sucrose (4%) in one chamber and oxycodone in a 4% sucrose solution in the opposite chamber the following day for four consecutive days, followed by a CPP test. The following week, another set of conditioning and testing for CPP was repeated. Subsequently, mice were exposed to the sucrose (45) solution alone for 4 days each week, and a test for extinction of the CPP response at the end of each week. After extinction, mice were challenged with oxycodone (5 mg/kg) and tested for the reinstatement of CPP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both male and female mice demonstrated robust voluntary oral oxycodone self-administration in a 4% sucrose solution, but it was lower in females than in males. Oxycodone self-administration was associated with CPP in male and female mice. This response was extinguished and reinstated. Unlike wild-type mice, the CPP response was not observed in mice lacking MOP, suggesting that MOP is involved in this response.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This is the first study providing evidence for the development of a translational mouse model of reward utilizing oral oxycodone self-administration in a sweetened solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1862996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective-taking in video advertising: insights from EEG connectivity and channel-wise spectral analysis.","authors":"Marco Bilucaglia, Chiara Casiraghi, Vincenzo Russo, Margherita Zito","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1740368","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1740368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perspective-taking, a key social cognition process, plays a significant role in shaping consumer behavior. Despite its relevance, existing research has largely focused on its visuo-spatial dimensions, with little attention given to its cognitive and emotional aspects, especially in the context of communication content perception, where no established electroencephalography (EEG) measures have assessed these components. In this exploratory study, EEG data were recorded from participants while viewing food and beverage advertisements (ads) featuring product interactions. They also provided ratings of their emotional and cognitive perspective-taking during the viewing, as well as their assessments of ad effectiveness. Channel-wise spectral powers and connectivity measures from both original and Minimum Spanning Tree networks were computed and correlated with self-report ratings. Results showed that cognitive perspective-taking correlated negatively with frontal θ power and positively with α clustering coefficient. Perceived ad effectiveness positively correlated with α clustering coefficient, path length, and degree divergence, as well as with δ path length and average degree. Although exploratory, this study provides initial evidence of EEG correlates of consumers' perspective-taking processes and suggests potential associations with advertising effectiveness. These findings may inform future hypotheses on cognitive load, working memory, and reward-related processes, which should be directly tested in confirmatory studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1740368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in psychiatry: clinical applications, limitations, and ethical challenges.","authors":"Pedro Morgado","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1864429","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1864429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming psychiatric research and clinical practice, offering new capabilities in areas such as diagnosis, risk prediction, digital phenotyping, and treatment personalization. In the domain of diagnostic classification, machine learning models have demonstrated classification accuracy across major psychiatric disorders in internally validated research settings. In a distinct and non-equivalent domain, large language model-assisted clinical decision support has shown performance comparable to expert clinicians in a specific, structured benchmark task; this finding should not be generalized to open-ended clinical practice. However, this technological promise is shadowed by profound methodological, clinical, and ethical limitations. The majority of AI models in neuroimaging-based psychiatry carry a high risk of bias, external validation remains rare, and evidence of real-world clinical impact is scarce. Critically, the field is developing in a context where vast repositories of sensitive mental health data are increasingly controlled by large technology corporations. This trend raises urgent, yet underexplored, questions about data governance and commercial use, as well as broader concerns around accountability and long-term behavioral surveillance. Furthermore, the reliance of AI systems on statistical distributions to define normality risks encoding a historically unstable and culturally contingent concept as a medical standard, with particular consequences for the pathologization of human diversity. This perspective article argues that the psychiatric community must assume an active governance role, advocating for patient-centered data frameworks that do not reduce human suffering to a monetizable data stream.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1864429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lévy statistics define anxiety and depression in mice subjected to chronic stress.","authors":"Qinxi Li, Xiaojie Li, Qixing Zhong, Yuru Nie, Yiping Luo, Bangcheng Zhao, Ni Zhang, Weihong Kuang, Chao Tian, Daojun Chen, Yingqian Zhang, Zhe Wu, Zhihui Zhong","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1757347","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1757347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Current rodent models for anxiety and depression assessment face methodological challenges compromising both scientific rigor and animal welfare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study introduced a novel approach using the Lévy flight (LF) statistical method to analyze spontaneous movement in open spaces. We employed three models: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), Electric shock stress (ES), and Chronic Restraint Stress (CRS)-utilizing a total of 540 mice for LF fitting. A support vector machine algorithm was applied to distinguish each model group based on the two-dimensional distribution of the variables γ and μ in the LF. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test before and after drug administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the ES model primarily exhibited anxiety-like behaviors, the CRS model predominantly exhibited depression-like behaviors, and the CUMS model displayed both depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors. All three stress models were suitable for LF fitting, with the distribution of CUMS in the γ-μ plane lying between the ES and CRS groups. To assess the therapeutic effect of fluoxetine (FXT) on CUMS, we excluded the CUMS-resistant mice and performed LF analysis. Following FXT treatment, the mice gradually shifted toward the normal area in the γ-μ plane, with a more pronounced shift toward the depression area observed as the modeling time increased.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study identifies a previously unrecognized statistical locomotor pattern in mice with anxiety and depression. By integrating scientific rigor with ethical considerations, this approach also presents a humane paradigm shift in preclinical assessment, accelerating translational breakthroughs in neuroscience research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1757347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an automated approach for investigating social learning in mice.","authors":"Benjamin Lang, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Olaf Hellwich, Lars Lewejohann","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1789820","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1789820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mice have been shown to learn from each other through social interactions. However, the extent and strategies of social learning in mice remain largely unknown, beyond spatially and temporally limited tests of social memory retention. Here, we present a method that integrates (1) the IntelliCage, a commercially available tool for automated behavioral testing, and (2) the Live Mouse Tracker (LMT), an open-source solution for 24/7 live animal tracking. This approach allows for the investigation of learning behavior in semi-naturalistic group settings while minimizing experimenter interference. In this study, we report on the development of the method, evaluate its accuracy, and identify current limitations. While automated presentation of spatial learning tasks and behavior annotation were effective, identifying individual animals proved unreliable in a highly enriched environment. In response, we provide a rationale for identifying the reliable portion of tracking data, to which we confine the exemplary behavioral analysis. We acknowledge imperfect animal identification as a clear limitation of the method in its current configuration. However, we outline a path to mitigate this and are confident in presenting a promising tool that, after straightforward optimization, may prove useful for various research questions, including the investigation of social learning behavior in mice. The proof-of-principle experiment in this study did not indicate that place learning is facilitated by co-learning over individual learning, and we could not establish a clear association between social interactions and learning performance. While we observed some sporadic differences in interaction rates between co-learning and individually learning animals, we emphasize that these results do not support any conclusions about the mechanisms of social learning in mice. Rather, we present a tool for simultaneously studying learning and tracking behavior with minimal experimenter interference, which, after refinement, may aid future studies of social learning in mice alongside other research questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1789820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13416557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life improvements with setmelanotide treatment in acquired hypothalamic obesity: TRANSCEND trial interview results from US participants.","authors":"Christian L Roth, Susan A Phillips, Shana E McCormack, Katie Larson Ode, Megan M Kelsey, Jieruo Liu, Claire Ervin, Usha G Mallya, Lindsey Norcross, Jennifer L Miller","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1830070","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1830070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acquired hypothalamic obesity (HO), caused by hypothalamic injury, is characterized by hyperphagia (i.e., insatiable hunger and abnormal food-seeking behaviors), reduced energy expenditure, and accelerated and sustained weight gain, all of which substantially impact quality of life. In the Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled TRANSCEND trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05774756), setmelanotide demonstrated significant improvements compared with placebo in body mass index, hunger, symptoms of hyperphagia, and quality of life in participants with acquired HO. This substudy further characterizes changes in hunger, weight, energy level, and physical activity with setmelanotide and assesses the perceived meaningfulness of such benefits to patients and their caregivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-depth, 75-min qualitative interviews were conducted from July 2024 to January 2025 with eligible and consented English-speaking TRANSCEND trial participants or their caregivers in the United States. Interviews followed a semistructured interview guide tailored to facilitate discussion about participant experiences or caregiver observations regarding changes in weight, hunger, and energy level before and during trial participation. Interview participants were also asked to describe the perceived meaningfulness of any changes experienced. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed; thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti (https://atlasti.com/).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 30 interview participants, 14 were trial participants (4 adolescents and 10 adults) and 16 were caregivers of participants aged < 12 years (<i>n</i> = 8) and ≥ 12 years (<i>n</i> = 8); 23 received setmelanotide and 7 received placebo. All interview participants reported insatiable hunger and accelerated and sustained weight gain after hypothalamic injury but before starting the trial; 29 of 30 interview participants reported reduced energy level. Consistently, trial participants who received setmelanotide and their caregivers reported beneficial changes in hunger, weight, energy level, and physical activity, and indicated these changes were meaningful, while in placebo-treated participants, no such changes were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the Phase 3 TRANSCEND efficacy outcomes pertaining to weight, hunger, energy levels, and quality of life and that the impactful changes with setmelanotide in patients with acquired HO and their caregivers extend beyond body mass index and weight reduction.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05774756.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1830070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on activity and blood pressure in aged offspring.","authors":"A'Kaychia T Lowery, Isaac G Johnson, Anna G Mitchell, Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1772937","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1772937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Methamphetamine use during pregnancy is a global health issue, and there is limited knowledge on the cardiovascular and behavioral effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure in adults. This study investigated how prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats, via maternal intravenous self-administration, affected methamphetamine sensitivity and cardiovascular function in aged offspring compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aged offspring were generated from dams either self-administering methamphetamine daily under extended-access conditions before and throughout pregnancy, or their respective sham control dams. Spontaneous and methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity was assessed in male and female offspring of both exposure groups after a range of methamphetamine doses at age 15-17 months. Cardiovascular function was assessed in male and female offspring aged 18-20 months of both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline blood pressure and angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension were determined non-invasively via tail cuff measurements. Methamphetamine dose-dependently increased locomotor activity compared to baseline activity in both sexes and both exposure groups. In both sexes, AngII did not increase diastolic or systolic blood pressure in methamphetamine-exposed offspring, yet induced hypertension in controls. Methamphetamine administration induced dose-dependent hyperactivity in both exposure groups, with methamphetamine-exposed offspring showing resistance to stereotypic effects and thus increased activity at 3.2 mg/kg compared to controls. Notably, methamphetamine-exposed female offspring had a tendency to hypertension at baseline, driven by higher diastolic blood pressure, and showed reduced hyperactivity compared to controls at 1.0 mg/kg. Males did not exhibit these changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that aged female offspring are particularly sensitive to the impacts of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on blood pressure and methamphetamine sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1772937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148601066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of spontaneous recovery in human fear conditioning.","authors":"Joseph Anderson, Yi Wang, Dandan Li Clark, Ottmar V Lipp, Madeline Jarvis, Luke J Ney","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1820847","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1820847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous recovery is regarded as an experimental analogue of relapse following successful treatment of anxiety and traumatic disorders using exposure therapy. This systematic review examines the evidence for spontaneous recovery within human fear conditioning, highlighting its broad application in research and implications of findings for potential clinical implications. PubMed, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 09/04/2026. In total, the search yielded 4,655 articles, of which 242 were included in the review. A meta-analysis was not conducted and the review was not preregistered. Evidence suggests differences in spontaneous recovery exist between clinical populations and healthy control groups, particularly for posttraumatic stress disorder, with mixed evidence observed in anxious versus healthy individuals. Our review reveals that paradigms involving a ~ 24-h delay between extinction and spontaneous recovery test (typically conducted across two consecutive days) are most frequently used and might produce the strongest effects. Importantly, we identify converging patterns between experimental findings and clinical outcomes between spontaneous recovery and the real-world efficacy of pharmacological interventions, providing preliminary support for the translational relevance of the paradigm. However, we note the slow uptake of non-pharmacological interventions in clinical trials despite promising experimental data and discuss findings from neurotransmitter and sleep studies that offer insights for optimizing exposure therapy. These findings suggest future research directions, including evaluating the correlation between experimental and clinical outcomes, exploring optimal conditions for the observation of spontaneous recovery, and understanding the effects of brain stimulation on fear conditioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1820847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}