Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Sleep improves accuracy, but not speed, of generalized motor learning in young and older adults and in individuals with Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Saar Lanir-Azaria, Rakefet Chishinski, Riva Tauman, Yuval Nir, Nir Giladi","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1466696","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1466696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An essential aspect of motor learning is generalizing procedural knowledge to facilitate skill acquisition across diverse conditions. Here, we examined the development of generalized motor learning during initial practice-dependent learning, and how distinct components of learning are consolidated over longer timescales during wakefulness or sleep. In the first experiment, a group of young healthy volunteers engaged in a novel motor sequence task over 36 h in a two-arm experimental design (either morning-evening-morning, or evening-morning-evening) aimed at controlling for circadian confounders. The findings unveiled an immediate, rapid generalization of sequential learning, accompanied by an additional long-timescale performance gain. Sleep modulated accuracy, but not speed, above and beyond equivalent wake intervals. To further elucidate the role of sleep across ages and under neurodegenerative disorders, a second experiment utilized the same task in a group of early-stage, drug-naïve individuals with Parkinson's disease and in healthy individuals of comparable age. Participants with Parkinson's disease exhibited comparable performance to their healthy age-matched group with the exception of reduced performance in recalling motor sequences, revealing a disease-related cognitive shortfall. In line with the results found in young subjects, both groups exhibited improved accuracy, but not speed, following a night of sleep. This result emphasizes the role of sleep in skill acquisition and provides a potential framework for deeper investigation of the intricate relationship between sleep, aging, Parkinson's disease, and motor learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1466696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel aspect of oxytocin neurons mediating parental behavior and aversive burying behavior under the control of melanin-concentrating hormone neurons.","authors":"Tingbi Xiong, Lena Tsuchida, Ayumu Inutsuka, Tatsushi Onaka, Kazuo Yamada, Chitose Orikasa","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1459957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1459957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parental behavior comprises a set of crucial actions essential for offspring survival. In this study, a double transgenic mouse model engineered to specifically express channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN)-oxytocin neurons and ablate lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)-melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons was used to determine the relationship between PVN-oxytocin neurons and LHA-MCH neurons associated with parental behavior. Optogenetic stimulation of ChR2-expressing PVN-oxytocin neurons induces typical parental behavior with intact LHA-MCH neurons. However, after the partial ablation of LHA-MCH neurons, even optogenetic stimulation of PVN-oxytocin neurons failed to induce parental behavior in virgin male mice, resulting in neglect rather than parental behavior. Furthermore, approximately half of the subjects exhibited burying behavior toward pups, suggesting that pups became aversive stimuli, and male mice actively performed burying behavior to avoid these aversive stimuli. This study emphasizes the novel aspect of oxytocin neurons that could result in neglect in the absence of LHA-MCH neurons regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1459957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: From social wires to neurobiological connections: a neuropsychobiological focus on parent-child interaction.","authors":"Livio Provenzi, Marina Fuertes, Isabella L C Mariani Wigley, Sarah Nazzari","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1487555","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1487555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1487555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in glutamate transmission and plasticity in reward related regions","authors":"Alyssa R. Kniffin, Lisa A. Briand","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1455478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1455478","url":null,"abstract":"Disruptions in glutamate homeostasis within the mesolimbic reward circuitry may play a role in the pathophysiology of various reward related disorders such as major depressive disorders, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Clear sex differences have emerged in the rates and symptom severity of these disorders which may result from differing underlying mechanisms of glutamatergic signaling. Indeed, preclinical models have begun to uncover baseline sex differences throughout the brain in glutamate transmission and synaptic plasticity. Glutamatergic synaptic strength can be assessed by looking at morphological features of glutamatergic neurons including spine size, spine density, and dendritic branching. Likewise, electrophysiology studies evaluate properties of glutamatergic neurons to provide information of their functional capacity. In combination with measures of glutamatergic transmission, synaptic plasticity can be evaluated using protocols that induce long-term potentiation or long-term depression. This review will consider preclinical rodent literature directly comparing glutamatergic transmission and plasticity in reward related regions of males and females. Additionally, we will suggest which regions are exhibiting evidence for sexually dimorphic mechanisms, convergent mechanisms, or no sex differences in glutamatergic transmission and plasticity and highlight gaps in the literature for future investigation.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult auditory brain responses to nestling begging calls in seasonal songbirds: an fMRI study in non-parenting male and female starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)","authors":"Nicholas Vidas-Guscic, Elisabeth Jonckers, Johan Van Audekerke, Jasmien Orije, Julie Hamaide, Gaurav Majumdar, Laurence Henry, Martine Hausberger, Marleen Verhoye, Annemie Van der Linden","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1418577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1418577","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate whether begging calls elicit specific auditory responses in non-parenting birds, whether these responses are influenced by the hormonal status of the bird, and whether they reflect biparental care for offspring in the European starling (<jats:italic>Sturnus vulgaris</jats:italic>). An fMRI experiment was conducted to expose non-parenting male and female European starlings to recordings of conspecific nestling begging calls during both artificially induced breeding and non-breeding seasons. This response was compared with their reaction to conspecific individual warbling song motifs and artificial pure tones, serving as social species-specific and artificial control stimuli, respectively. Our findings reveal that begging calls evoke a response in non-parenting male and female starlings, with significantly higher responsiveness observed in the right Field L and the Caudomedial Nidopallium (NCM), regardless of season or sex. Moreover, a significant seasonal variation in auditory brain responses was elicited in both sexes exclusively by begging calls, not by the applied control stimuli, within a ventral midsagittal region of NCM. This heightened response to begging calls, even in non-parenting birds, in the right primary auditory system (Field L), and the photoperiod induced hormonal neuromodulation of auditory responses to offspring’s begging calls in the secondary auditory system (NCM), bears resemblance to mammalian responses to hunger calls. This suggests a convergent evolution aimed at facilitating swift adult responses to such calls crucial for offspring survival.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin drives aggression and social behaviors of laboratory male mice in a semi-natural environment","authors":"Marion Rivalan, Lucille Alonso, Valentina Mosienko, Patrik Bey, Alexia Hyde, Michael Bader, York Winter, Natalia Alenina","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1450540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1450540","url":null,"abstract":"Aggression is an adaptive social behavior crucial for the stability and prosperity of social groups. When uncontrolled, aggression leads to pathological violence that disrupts group structure and individual wellbeing. The comorbidity of uncontrolled aggression across different psychopathologies makes it a potential endophenotype of mental disorders with the same neurobiological substrates. Serotonin plays a critical role in regulating impulsive and aggressive behaviors. Mice lacking in brain serotonin, due to the ablation of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, could serve as a potential model for studying pathological aggression. Home cage monitoring allows for the continuous observation and quantification of social and non-social behaviors in group-housed, freely-moving mice. Using an ethological approach, we investigated the impact of central serotonin ablation on the everyday expression of social and non-social behaviors and their correlations in undisturbed, group-living <jats:italic>Tph2</jats:italic>-deficient and wildtype mice. By training a machine learning algorithm on behavioral time series, “allogrooming”, “struggling at feeder”, and “eating” emerged as key behaviors dissociating one genotype from the other. Although <jats:italic>Tph2</jats:italic>-deficient mice exhibited characteristics of pathological aggression and reduced communication compared to wildtype animals, they still demonstrated affiliative huddle behaviors to normal levels. Altogether, such a distinct and dynamic phenotype of <jats:italic>Tph2</jats:italic>-deficient mice influenced the group's structure and the subsequent development of its hierarchical organization. These aspects were analyzed using social network analysis and the Glicko rating methods. This study demonstrates the importance of the ethological approach for understanding the global impact of pathological aggression on various aspects of life, both at the individual and group levels. Home cage monitoring allows the observation of the natural behaviors of mice in a semi-natural habitat, providing an accurate representation of real-world phenomena and pathological mechanisms. The results of this study provide insights into the neurobiological substrate of pathological aggression and its potential role in complex brain disorders.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parkinson’s LRRK2-G2019S risk gene mutation drives sex-specific behavioral and cellular adaptations to chronic variable stress","authors":"Christopher A. Guevara, Kumayl Alloo, Swati Gupta, Romario Thomas, Pamela del Valle, Alexandra R. Magee, Deanna L. Benson, George W. Huntley","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1445184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1445184","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is a psychiatric non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s that can appear in the prodromal period, prior to significant loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and motor symptoms. Parkinson’s-related anxiety affects females more than males, despite the greater prevalence of Parkinson’s in males. How stress, anxiety and Parkinson’s are related and the basis for a sex-specific impact of stress in Parkinson’s are not clear. We addressed this using young adult male and female mice carrying a G2019S knockin mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (<jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup>) and <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>WT</jats:sup> control mice. In humans, <jats:italic>LRRK2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> significantly elevates the risk of late-onset Parkinson’s. To assess within-sex differences between <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> and control mice in stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in young adulthood, we used a within-subject design whereby <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> and <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>WT</jats:sup> control mice underwent tests of anxiety-like behaviors before (baseline) and following a 28 day (d) variable stress paradigm. There were no differences in behavioral measures between genotypes in males or females at baseline, indicating that the mutation alone does not produce anxiety-like responses. Following chronic stress, male <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> mice were affected similarly to male wildtypes except for novelty-suppressed feeding, where stress had no impact on <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> mice while significantly increasing latency to feed in <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>WT</jats:sup> control mice. Female <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> mice were impacted by chronic stress similarly to wildtype females across all behavioral measures. Subsequent post-stress analyses compared cFos immunolabeling-based cellular activity patterns across several stress-relevant brain regions. The density of cFos-activated neurons across brain regions in both male and female <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> mice was generally lower compared to stressed <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>WT</jats:sup> mice, except for the nucleus accumbens of male <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> mice, where cFos-labeled cell density was significantly higher than all other groups. Together, these data suggest that the <jats:italic>Lrrk2</jats:italic><jats:sup>G2019S</jats:sup> mutation differentially impacts anxiety-like behavioral responses to chronic stress in males and females that may reflect sex-specific adaptations observed in circuit activation patterns in some, but not all stress-related brain regions.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the influence of persuasion strategies on cognitive engagement: an ERPs study on attentional search","authors":"Lichao Xiu, Xuejiao Chen, Lulu Mao, Enyu Zhang, Guoming Yu","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1302770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1302770","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to explore the impact of different persuasive strategies, as delineated in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), on attentional processes using event-related potentials (ERPs).IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate how central versus peripheral persuasion methods, delivered through rational and emotional persuasion strategies, influence cognitive engagement and information processing during visual search tasks.MethodsParticipants were allocated into four groups based on the media type (video vs. text) and the persuasion route (central vs. peripheral). The early and late stages of attentional processing were examined through the N1, P2, and P3 ERP components.ResultsThe results demonstrated a pronounced N1 amplitude in response to text-based peripheral persuasion, indicating enhanced early attentional engagement. Additionally, parallel search tasks revealed a larger P3 amplitude for central versus peripheral routes, suggesting significant cognitive resource allocation during tasks requiring higher attention.DiscussionThese findings underscore the nuanced role of persuasive strategies in modulating attentional resources and cognitive processing. The study offers insights into designing more effective communication messages and highlights the potential for tailored persuasion approaches to influence audience engagement and information processing, with implications for public health campaigns and beyond.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral, neurotransmitter and transcriptomic analyses in male and female Fmr1 KO mice","authors":"Deirdre M. McCarthy, Cynthia Vied, Mia X. Trupiano, Angeli J. Canekeratne, Yuan Wang, Christopher Schatschneider, Pradeep G. Bhide","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1458502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1458502","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionFragile X syndrome is an inherited X-linked disorder associated with intellectual disabilities that begin in childhood and last a lifetime. The symptoms overlap with autism spectrum disorder, and the syndrome predominantly affects males. Consequently, FXS research tends to favor analysis of social behaviors in males, leaving a gap in our understanding of other behavioral traits, especially in females.MethodsWe used a mouse model of FXS to analyze developmental, behavioral, neurochemical, and transcriptomic profiles in males and females.ResultsOur behavioral assays demonstrated locomotor hyperactivity, motor impulsivity, increased “approach” behavior in an approach-avoidance assay, and deficits in nest building behavior. Analysis of brain neurotransmitter content revealed deficits in striatal GABA, glutamate, and serotonin content. RNA sequencing of the ventral striatum unveiled expression changes associated with neurotransmission as well as motivation and substance use pathways. Sex differences were identified in nest building behavior, striatal neurotransmitter content, and ventral striatal gene expression.DiscussionIn summary, our study identified sex differences in specific behavioral, neurotransmitter, and gene expression phenotypes and gene set enrichment analysis identified significant enrichment of pathways associated with motivation and drug reward.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VGLUT2 may improve cognitive function in depressed rats by protecting prefrontal cortex neurons","authors":"Longfei Liu, Yongxue Hu, Qing Shan, Peifan Li, Tianpei Ma, Yiming Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1453161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1453161","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveDepression may be accompanied by cognitive impairment, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of fluoxetine on behavioral performance and prefrontal cortex neuronal damage in rats with depression-associated cognitive impairment, based on the observation of VGLUT2 protein expression.MethodsForty-five SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 15): normal control group (CON), depression group (DD), and fluoxetine group (DD + F). The CON group was reared normally, while the DD and DD + F groups underwent chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with social isolation to induce a depression-related cognitive dysfunction model. After modeling, the DD + F group was treated with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, ig) for 14 days. Behavioral tests were performed to assess changes in mood, cognition, learning, and social abilities. Histopathological observations were made to examine pathological changes, neuronal apoptosis, ultrastructure, and dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex. The concentration, relative expression level, and mRNA expression of VGLUT2 protein were also measured. Finally, a correlation analysis was performed between the relative expression level and mRNA expression of VGLUT2 protein and the pathological changes in neurons.ResultsCompared to the CON group, the DD group exhibited decreased body weight, anhedonia, increased behavioral despair, reduced locomotor activity and spontaneous exploratory behavior, impaired spatial learning and memory, and decreased social interaction and social cognitive ability. Pathological damage was observed in the prefrontal cortex, with neuronal apoptosis, ultrastructural damage, and reduced neuroplasticity. The concentration, relative expression, and mRNA expression levels of VGLUT2 protein were decreased. Following fluoxetine intervention, the above behavioral phenotypes improved; pathological damage showed varying degrees of recovery; and the concentration, relative expression, and mRNA expression levels of VGLUT2 protein increased. Finally, there was a significant correlation between VGLUT2 protein expression and pathological changes in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionAfter 28 days of CUMS combined with isolation rearing, rats exhibited impairments in mood, cognition, learning, and social abilities, with neuronal damage and decreased VGLUT2 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex. Following fluoxetine intervention, VGLUT2 protein expression increased, neuronal repair in the prefrontal cortex occurred, depressive-like behavior improved, and cognitive learning and social abilities were restored.","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}