Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Brief antibiotics exposure during adolescence produces persistent effects on the microbiome and fentanyl-seeking during adulthood in rats.","authors":"Rebecca S Hofford, Ava L Shipman, Weiwei Wang, TuKiet T Lam, Drew D Kiraly","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1916554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1916554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescence is a developmentally sensitive period during which individuals begin experimenting with drugs of abuse. This window coincides with maturation of brain structures critical to reward and decision-making, including the prefrontal cortex, as well as peripheral physiological systems such as the gut microbiome - making it a period of heightened vulnerability to the long-lasting effects of drug exposure. Work from our lab has shown that manipulations to the gut microbiome influence drug reward, reinforcement, and drug seeking after abstinence. Critically, some of these effects are age-dependent with adolescents demonstrating greater sensitivity to the effects of microbiome disturbance on drug reward. Behavioral changes induced by microbiome disruption occur in parallel with molecular changes in reward-related brain regions like the medial prefrontal cortex. However, whether adolescent microbiome disruption produces alterations in opioid seeking and molecular changes in brain reward regions that persist into early adulthood has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, we examined the effects of oral antibiotics during adolescent fentanyl self-administration on drug seeking, microbiome composition, and proteomic changes in the prefrontal cortex in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescent antibiotics reduced contextual but not cue-induced drug seeking and changes in the medial prefrontal cortex proteome suggest global alterations in pathways regulating cellular metabolism and neurotransmitter release.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together this work indicates that brief oral antibiotics during adolescence produces long-lasting impacts on both brain and behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1916554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative evaluation of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels in patients with heroin use disorder in remission and detoxification.","authors":"Şafak Yalçin Şahiner, Dilek Baysal, Tuğberk Vayisoğlu, Zehra Uçar Hasanli, Salim Neşelioğlu, Gamze Avcioğlu, Hakkı Polat, Rifat Serav İlhan, Özcan Erel","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1933257","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1933257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic heroin use disturbs body's redox (oxidant-antioxidant) balance, together with dynamic thiol-disulfide balance and ischemia-modified albumin; which are two distinct blood markers that may reflect the oxidative and ischemic load in substance dependence. It is still unclear whether these markers change across the clinical phases of heroin use disorder (HUD), or whether they relate to the affective and behavioral symptoms that dominate the clinical picture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults meeting DSM-5 criteria for HUD were split into a remission group (<i>n</i> = 52) and a detoxification group (<i>n</i> = 49). We measured serum native and total thiol, disulfide, the disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratios, and IMA. Participants also completed a symptom inventory, a craving measure, and scales for healthy-lifestyle behavior and nutrition attitude. Groups were compared with Student's <i>t</i>-test or the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, categorical variables with chi-square or Fisher's exact test; associations were tested with Spearman correlations, and predictors of total thiol and IMA with multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in detoxification group scored markedly higher on depression, anxiety, anger, somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, psychosis, sleep disturbance, dissociation and craving (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), and lower on healthy-lifestyle and nutrition-attitude scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In contrast, no thiol/disulfide measure or IMA differed between phases. IMA correlated positively with depression (<i>r</i> = 0.254) and craving (<i>r</i> = 0.209); whereas the disulfide/thiol ratios correlated negatively, and native thiol/total thiol positively with healthy-lifestyle and nutrition-attitude scores. Regression models for total thiol and IMA were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In HUD, redox and ischemia markers appear to follow symptom severity; especially depression, craving and health behavior, rather than the treatment phase itself. IMA, in particular, may reflect an oxidative and inflammatory component of mood regulation and craving.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1933257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote control of wildtype zebrafish optomotor response with a photoswitchable drug.","authors":"Luisa Camerin, Joaquín Martínez-Tambella, Gregor Schuhknecht, Vickie M Wang, Kumaresh Krishnan, Paula Pflitsch, Florian Engert, Pau Gorostiza","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1916443","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1916443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For animals to interact effectively with their environment, the brain must integrate sensory information and generate appropriate motor responses. Multiple neuronal circuits contribute to this process, and identifying their roles remains a central focus in neuroscience. In this context, photopharmacology provides light-controllable compounds that enable remote and spatially and temporally precise modulation of neuronal activity without requiring genetic modification. This approach minimizes off-target activation of unwanted brain regions while allowing reversible control of neural circuits. The recently developed photoswitchable compound Carbadiazocine has been shown to reversibly control neuronal firing across multiple species in a light-dependent manner. It modulates larval zebrafish locomotion and alleviates neuropathic pain in rodents in a reversible, light-induced manner. Given the established <i>in vivo</i> effects of this compound, we further investigated its impact on sensorimotor behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We focused on the optomotor response in zebrafish larvae and assessed its potential as a tool for circuit perturbation and behavioral analysis, for the first time combined with photopharmacology. We performed experiments in head-fixed and free-swimming larvae to assess their capacity to detect and follow optic flow, and to characterize swimming speed patterns and tail bout properties following administration of the two Carbadiazocine photoisomers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both paradigms, treatment with the pre-illuminated compound decreased accuracy in responding to optic flow (correct turning percentage dropping from ~95% to ~80% in head-fixed experiments and from ~65% to ~20% in free-swimming experiments). Speed analysis revealed more frequent and prolonged fast movements, with fewer slow movements, even without visual stimulation. Tail bout analysis showed increased 15-30 Hz bout frequencies, corresponding to irregular tail movements. These effects were absent with the dark-relaxed compound.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together, these findings provide a foundation to probe neuronal circuits underlying behavior in diverse animal species using a dynamic range of photostimulation patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1916443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech-sound memory consolidation over a daytime nap in adults with and without developmental language disorder.","authors":"Ali Solbi, Rahulkrishna Gurram Thimmugari, Anne L van Zelst, F Sayako Earle","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1903903","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1903903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation, yet its contribution to the formation of perceptual-linguistic representations remains only partially understood. In the current study, we examined sleep spindles and slow oscillations (SOs) in relation to offline changes in speech-sound memory in adults across a wide range of language ability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine monolingual English-speaking participants completed a perceptual training task contrasting retroflex /ɖ/ and dental /d̪/ consonants, followed by a polysomnography-monitored nap.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slow spindle density was positively associated with perceptual discrimination performance following a nap, whereas slow oscillation (SO) density was negatively associated. SO-slow spindle coupling strength was significantly correlated with language difficulty amongst those with developmental language disorder, such that those with a lower synchronization index were observed with greater difficulties in language ability.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together, these findings point to the potential relationship between sleep and perceptual-linguistic representation, and developmental language disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1903903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term sugar consumption alters extracellular dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell.","authors":"Gabriela Vera-Rivera, María José Olvera, María Isabel Miranda","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1938066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1938066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High dietary sugar consumption is associated with an increased risk of various diseases, making it imperative to identify the neural, nutritional, and behavioral mechanisms that underlie dietary habits to better understand and improve health. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying prolonged consumption, making it difficult to determine the alterations caused by chronic sucrose intake in reinforcement and memory pathways, including the nucleus accumbens. Previous work in rodents has shown that long-term sugar consumption alters appetitive relearning, potentially leading to increased intake due to a disability in learning new negative consequences associated with the same taste, which possibly involves the mesolimbic dopaminergic system as well as cholinergic signaling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens shell (NACsh) of adult male Wistar rats during novel (SN), familiar sugar consumption (2 days, SF), and after exposure <i>ad libitum</i> for 14 days to a 10% sugar solution (high-familiar groups, SH). Subsequently, on days 19-21, rats were habituated to the microdialysis chamber; on days 22 and 23, microdialysis was performed during consumption of novel, familiar, or highly familiar sugar. HPLC-EC microdialysis analysis revealed significant differences in the extracellular levels of DA and ACh in the NACsh between the highly familiarized and mildly familiarized groups (SF), and the group exposed to novel sugar. Specifically, baseline NACsh-ACh levels in the SH group were significantly higher and decreased during sugar consumption, whereas the novel sugar group showed a significant increase in ACh during and after sugar consumption; the SF group showed no change in ACh levels. In contrast, DA levels increased significantly during familiar sugar consumption (SF), but there were no changes after long-term consumption (SH) or during novel sugar (SN) consumption. The results demonstrate changes in cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling in the NACsh that negatively correlate with increased familiarity of a highly reinforcing stimulus, such as sugar. Specifically, the decrease in ACh and DA release following high-sugar familiarization suggests neuroadaptation in the NACsh, which could correlate with the inability to form new aversive associations with sweet flavors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1938066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flourishing in university students: cross-sectional associations with personal and social FoMO, loneliness, and belonging.","authors":"Osman Akay","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1914187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1914187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fear of missing out (FoMO), loneliness, and belonging concern different aspects of students' relational experience, but their shared and unique cross-sectional associations with flourishing remain unclear. This study examined these associations in university students in Türkiye while distinguishing Personal from Social FoMO and acceptance/inclusion from rejection/exclusion. An online cross-sectional survey was completed by 499 students aged 18-30 years (M = 22.13, SD = 3.23; 76.4% female). Factor structure and internal consistency were examined before Pearson correlations, hierarchical regression with HC3 robust standard errors, relative-importance analysis, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. At the zero-order level, both FoMO facets and loneliness were negatively associated with flourishing, whereas acceptance/inclusion and reverse-scored rejection/exclusion were positively associated with flourishing (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). The final seven-predictor model explained 51.2% of flourishing variance. Loneliness showed a small negative unique association (<i>β</i> = -0.136, <i>p</i> = 0.016), acceptance/inclusion the largest positive association (<i>β</i> = 0.526, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and reverse-scored rejection/exclusion a smaller positive association (<i>β</i> = 0.138, <i>p</i> = 0.023); neither FoMO facet had a significant unique coefficient. Acceptance/inclusion and loneliness remained significant after explicitly relational Flourishing Scale items were removed, whereas the rejection/exclusion coefficient did not. These findings describe concurrent associations rather than a causal sequence, and they point to no specific intervention target. The cross-sectional self-report design, convenience and snowball sampling, and female-predominant sample limit causal inference and generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1914187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Impact of digital addiction on mental health and comorbidities in older adults.","authors":"Sabrina Molinaro, Gergely Feher, Roberto Truzoli","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1988680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1988680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1988680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intact spatial learning in Fmr1^-/<i>y</i> , Syngap1^+/-, and Grin2b^+/- rat models of neurodevelopmental disorders.","authors":"Anuj Vadher, Adrian J Duszkiewicz, Emma R Wood, Paul A Dudchenko","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1929983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1929983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>FMR1, SYNGAP1, and GRIN2B gene mutations Q8 are known causes of mild to severe intellectual disability (ID) in humans, with affected individuals frequently co-diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These three genes influence molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity, and thus spatial memory behaviors have been of interest in studying rodent models of these mutations. However, evidence of spatial memory impairment across these models is inconsistent, with some studies reporting deficits and others finding none.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the present study, we used a variant of the Morris water maze that allowed explicit stimulus control of visual landmarks and examined the use of individual visual cues to navigate, using <i>Fmr1</i> ^-/y, <i>Syngap1</i> ^+/-, and <i>Grin2b^+/-</i> rat models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 1) strong landmark control of spatial behavior and 2) intact learning in all three rat models.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Of general significance, our results also suggest that rats use a spatial strategy that relies on individual landmarks (at least in a directional water maze), as opposed to the configuration of landmarks, to identify the goal location.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1929983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial learning strengthens hippocampal but not prefrontal influence on nucleus reuniens in rats.","authors":"Tristan Baumann, Oxana Eschenko","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1939794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1939794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coordinated interactions between the hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) that are essential for spatial navigation occur despite relatively asymmetric anatomical connectivity. The midline thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) is reciprocally connected with both regions and has been proposed to support HC-PFC communication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we examined local and long-range neural dynamics within the HC-RE-PFC circuit while adult male rats learned to navigate a complex maze across multiple days. Using spectral power, coherence, and Granger causality analyses within linear mixed-effects models to control for locomotion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed learning-related decreases in theta power across all regions, despite increased velocity with better task performance. In contrast, beta (15-30 Hz) increased in HC but decreased in RE and PFC. Notably, HC-to-RE information flow in theta, beta, and low-gamma bands increased with learning, while RE-to-HC influences decreased. Direct HC-PFC interactions remained comparatively stable, and PFC-RE beta coherence decreased with learning.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings reveal a dynamic reconfiguration of HC-RE-PFC network interactions during spatial learning, driven primarily by a selective increase in hippocampal, but not prefrontal, influence on RE. The directional asymmetry between HC-RE and RE-PFC pathways is inconsistent with a simple relay account and instead supports a role for RE as an active participant in spatial cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1939794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective experience of listening to favorite songs and Murottal Al-Qur'an in young adult women: a quantitative EEG case series.","authors":"Kana Khairunnisa, Yusuf Alam Romadhon","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1903142","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1903142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Listening to music and Qur'anic murottal is a conscious auditory experience associated with beneficial health outcomes. Both activities share the same sensory modality called audition; however, murottal listening is additionally linked to spiritual belief, whereas music listening is not necessarily so, although both are reported to have favorable effects on health. The subjective, phenomenological aspect of conscious listening has rarely been examined alongside objective neurophysiological measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this descriptive case series, four healthy 19-year-old female participants underwent a fixed-order recording session that compared mean alpha-band (8-12 Hz) power during listening (their favorite song and murottal, 3 min each), with mean alpha power during an eyes-closed, resting baseline, expressed as a relative percentage change: (E - B)/B × 100%. This index reflects relative alpha event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) rather than the classical event-related potential. Heart rate and unstructured subjective reports were collected concurrently.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Individual alpha ERD/ERS topography broadly aligned with participants' self-reported mental states-relaxation, visual imagery, and concentration-during both music and murottal listening, with notable between-subject variability in hemispheric lateralization. Given the small, non-randomized sample and the absence of inferential statistics, these observations are considered as hypothesis-generating rather than generalizable and are intended to inform the design of a larger, counterbalanced study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1903142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}