Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Stable rat models in constipation with depression and anxiety: evaluation and validation.","authors":"Jiali Liu, Shaoliang Li, Conghui Bian, Hongxia Mi, Tiantian He, Haihua Qian, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1745331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1745331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to establish a model of functional constipation (FC) with anxiety and depression in rats using the compound diphenoxylate combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). It further investigated constipation and behavioral indicators in different groups of various compounds of diphenoxylate with CUMS durations to determine the optimal time frame for successful model establishment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-two female rats were randomly assigned to control, FC before CUMS, FC after CUMS, and FC throughout CUMS groups. Control: Same amount of regular saline solution, FC before CUMS: Compound diphenoxylate 15 mg/kg 2 weeks + CUMS 5 weeks, FC after CUMS: CUMS 5 weeks + Compound diphenoxylate 15 mg/kg 2 weeks, FC throughout CUMS: CUMS 5 weeks with compound diphenoxylate 10 mg/kg for 4 weeks. After model establishment, constipation and behavioral indicators were detected. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in the brain and colon tissue, while AB-PAS was used to observe goblet cells in the colon tissue, and Nissl staining was used to observe neuron cells in the hippocampus. The protein expression of BDNF and Bax in the hippocampus and PGP9.5 and iNOS in the colon was detected by WB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the FC throughout group, synaptic ultrastructure significantly decreased, aligning with pathological changes, indicators of FC with anxiety and depression. The protein expression levels of BDNF and PGP9.5 were markedly decreased, and the levels of Bax and iNOS were elevated. This study provided a reliable reference for determining the optimal establishment way of FC with anxiety and depression models and for <i>in vivo</i> FC with anxiety and depression animal experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1745331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute neuro-athletic training effects on cognitive-motor and technical performance in youth basketball players.","authors":"Oguzhan Tuncel, Resat Sadik, Oguzhan Yuksel, Aliye Buyukergun Kaplan, Ali Polat Cakici, Ceren Sevval Karatas, Gorkem Acar, Caglar Soylu","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1791909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1791909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Basketball performance emerges from the rapid integration of sensory information, motor execution, and technical skill. Neuro-athletic training (NAT) has gained attention as a sensory-driven intervention targeting visuomotor, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems to acutely enhance performance. However, evidence regarding the immediate and short-term effects of a single NAT session in youth basketball players remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the acute and short-term (30 min) effects of a single-session neuro-athletic training intervention on physical and basketball-specific technical performance in male youth basketball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two male youth basketball players (14-17 years) completed a single-group repeated-measures study. Participants performed a single-session neuro-athletic training (NAT) protocol consisting of three stations integrating visual tracking, near-far focusing, reaction-based tasks, gaze stabilization, and basketball-specific skills such as passing, dribbling, and shooting. Assessments were conducted at baseline (Pre), immediately after NAT (Immediate), and 30 min post-intervention (Post-30). Outcomes included sit-and-reach flexibility, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, 20-m sprint time, dynamic balance, and AAHPERD passing and shooting tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant time effects were observed for all outcomes (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Sit-and-reach performance increased from 7.69 ± 7.86 cm at Pre to 9.31 ± 7.67 cm immediately after NAT and 9.62 ± 7.79 cm at 30 min (η² _<i>p</i> = 0.508). CMJ height increased from 25.09 ± 5.25 to 27.66 ± 5.23 cm immediately and 28.60 ± 5.33 cm at 30 min (η² _<i>p</i> = 0.581), whereas 20-m sprint time decreased from 1.80 ± 0.30 to 1.62 ± 0.25 s immediately and remained lower at 1.74 ± 0.29 s at 30 min (η² _<i>p</i> = 0.425). Passing and shooting scores also improved markedly, increasing from 28.38 ± 3.04 to 34.62 ± 3.06 and 36.19 ± 2.99 (η² _<i>p</i> = 0.870), and from 16.00 ± 3.20 to 20.81 ± 3.42 and 22.81 ± 3.56 (η² _<i>p</i> = 0.793), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single-session neuro-athletic training intervention induced rapid and meaningful improvements in physical and basketball-specific technical performance, with several benefits retained after 30 min. These findings support NAT as an effective acute priming strategy for youth basketball performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1791909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13099887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A history of addiction through the six editions of Kandel's <i>Principles of Neural Science</i> and their scientific context.","authors":"Paula Santiago-Martinez, Oliver L A Hertog, Andrés Moncada-Parra, Ian Morales-Gutierrez, Diego Egaña-Yin, Javier Bernacer","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1755832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1755832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to explore the evolution of research on the neurobiology of addiction across the six editions of Eric Kandel's <i>Principles of Neural Science</i>, one of the most comprehensive and well-known textbooks on neurobiology, published in 1981, 1985, 1991, 2000, 2012, and 2021. To encourage a critical reading of this historical review, we also summarize the state of the art in addiction research in the years preceding the publication of each edition. Even though addiction was mentioned as a crucial societal problem since the beginning, the manual did not explain it until the fourth edition. Decades before, several psychological hypotheses had already been integrated with neurobiology, emphasizing the role of dopamine and other biogenic amines, involvement of forebrain and mesencephalic areas, and pinpointing the neural correlates of psychological terms such as tolerance, dependence, craving, and others. Progressively, the neurobiological description of addiction transitioned from the hypothalamus to the basal ganglia, and, conceptually, from homeostasis to motivation, learning, and habit acquisition. Our intention with this review is to assess the evolution of addiction research in neuroscience, and also to show the strengths and weaknesses of how state-of-the-art research is integrated into specialized textbooks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1755832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13099888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a product's unconscious culture code and testing with fMRI.","authors":"Sabri Çimen, F Burcu Candan Çam, Sema Kurtuluş, Ş Ebru Toksoy, Hale Yapıcı Eser, Onur Ozyurt","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1737998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1737998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the quest to investigate the internal cognitive mechanisms underlying consumer behavior, often metaphorically termed the \"black box,\" studies indicate that purchasing decisions are significantly influenced by implicit cognitive processes. Conventional data collection methods that appeal to the conscious level may mislead marketing strategies. This motivates the rapid increase of research in two fields: psychology and neuroscience. This interdisciplinary research was focused on the cultural unconscious. Similar to the archetypes (the building blocks of the collective unconscious), cultural codes (the building blocks of the cultural unconscious) play a crucial role in shaping purchasing decisions. Based on this, the research question is \"What is the cultural code of the selected product in the social unconscious of the target population?\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research comprises two consecutive sub-studies: in-depth interviews (Study 1), and an fMRI task (Study 2). A heavy-duty vehicle (truck) was chosen as the product, and professional truck drivers (<i>n</i> = 22 for Study 1 and <i>n</i> = 34 for Study 2) from Nortwest Anatolia, in Türkiye, were selected to represent the target population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, the unconscious cultural code associated with the truck was discovered as \"migration\" through in-depth interviews utilizing psychoanalytic and transactional approaches. In Study 2, an fMRI experiment was developed to test whether the \"truck + migration\" image would elicit brain activation patterns similar to those associated with unconscious relational encoding and retrieval, reported in the literature (fusiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, parahippocampus / hippocampus, precuneus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate), and significantly different from those elicited by control images. Detecting these specific activations would provide neuroscientific support for the hypothesis that the concepts of truck and migration are relationally encoded in participants' cultural unconscious, thereby validating the qualitative findings by in-depth interviews.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Identifying a product's unconscious cultural code enables a more precise design of the marketing mix. By using these interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative methods sequentially, an innovative and original method was developed, yielding both theoretical contributions in cultural code discovery and consumer neuroscience, as well as practical implications, particularly in marketing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1737998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical-Circular Model of Biological Memory: an integrative framework for pathogenesis and allostasis in neurodevelopmental disorders.","authors":"Samuel Ruesga Mundo","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1779059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1779059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Predominant linear and brain-centric models inadequately explain the marked clinical heterogeneity and systemic origins of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). A transformative, integrative framework is needed to capture their complex, non-linear pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose a novel theoretical hypothesis-the Hierarchical-Circular Model of Biological Memory-developed through a critical synthesis of multidisciplinary evidence. Organized around the core principle \"Signal → Plasticity → Stable State,\" the model integrates five interacting levels: (1) morphogenetic/genetic, (2) epigenetic, (3) allostatic, (4) the psychoneuroendocrine-immune (PNEI) network, and (5) the interoceptive-neuronal level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The framework posits that NDDs emerge from disrupted circular causality within biological adaptation systems. Early adverse signals (e.g., genetic risk, prenatal stress) become embedded via epigenetic programming and propagate bidirectionally, establishing a pathological stable state. This state is characterized by high allostatic load, PNEI network dysregulation, and a collapse of predictive interoceptive integration in the brain. The model introduces the constructs of \"allostatic integrity\" and \"circular reserve\" to explain individual differences in phenotypic expression and resilience.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>This model provides a falsifiable, systems-based paradigm that moves beyond descriptive synthesis. It generates specific predictions: (1) multi-level biomarker dyssynchrony will outperform single-level measures in prognostic stratification, and (2) interventions simultaneously targeting multiple system levels will be most effective. By bridging gene-environment interactions with brain network dysfunction, the framework guides future research toward multi-level biomarker discovery, personalized prevention, and multidimensional interventions, fundamentally redefining NDDs as disorders of circular biological adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1779059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13050958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium in borderline personality disorder: neuroplasticity, anti-inflammatory action, and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Leah Simon, Halford Warlick, Armena Jafarmadar, Ernesto Joubran, Marianne Koleng, Christina Regine Owens-Charles, Priyanka Ramanathan, Jorge Rubinos Rodriguez, Stephanie Singer, Vincent S Gallicchio","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1707007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1707007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of lithium (Li) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited as the result of a lack of robust clinical evidence with few clinical studies reported. Although a few studies provide supportive evidence for Li use in addressing certain symptoms such as anger management, impulsivity, and inducing self-harm. Therapies for BPD are psychosocial in nature and serve as the primary treatment for BPD. Based on prior clinical management of lithium use in mental health disorders, providers should investigate its usage in the treatment of BPD. The topic is the subject of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1707007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13044076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating effects of acute severe hypoxia and p38 MAPK inhibition on boldness and anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish larvae.","authors":"Karem Vazquez-Roman, Warren Burggren","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1717856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1717856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe tissue hypoxia, resulting from cardiac dysfunction for example, is increasingly recognized as a trigger for neurobehavioral change. However, the impact of tissue hypoxia on anxiety-like behavior and disinhibition during development remains poorly understood. Zebrafish larvae provide an effective vertebrate model to evaluate how hypoxia influences behavior in early life. We assigned larvae to three groups: (1) normoxic control, (2) acute severe hypoxic exposure (HE) using cardiac dysfunction as evidence of exposure severity, or (3) HE plus 12 h exposure to 0.3 μmol AZ3 (p38 MAPK inhibitor). At one- and 2-weeks post-exposure we quantified survival, morphometrics, and behavioral measurements (emergence latency, thigmotaxis, zone occupancy, novel object approach, and velocity). Survival differed significantly among all groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Untreated HE reduced occupancy of the novel object zone 21% relative to controls at 2 weeks (<i>P</i> = 0.04), indicating diminished neophilia (attraction to novel objects). p38 MAPK inhibition increased body mass (<i>P</i> < 0.001 vs. controls) and prevented the length restriction seen in HE, but also increased by 17% the time spent in thigmotaxis zone compared to HE larvae alone (<i>P</i> = 0.04), consistent with increased anxiety-like behavior. Neither emergence latency nor velocity differed between groups, but both variables changed in the three groups after 1 week decreasing and increasing respectively. Novelty approach distance was unaffected by treatment. Thus, acute early-life hypoxic exposure in zebrafish-severe enough to induce cardiac injury among other forms of likely tissue damage-results in statistically significant but modest decreases in exploratory behavior. P38 MAPK inhibition stimulates growth compared to controls, and also decreases exploratory behavior compared to hypoxic exposure alone and promotes small anxiety-like responses without altering general locomotion. The results highlight the importance of integrating behavioral endpoints into hypoxia exposure research and suggest that targeting p38 MAPK may carry neurobehavioral trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1717856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13045001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Exploring the framing effect on maladaptive behaviors: neural mechanisms and applications.","authors":"Manuela Sellitto, Kristi R Griffiths","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1816738","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1816738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1816738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between physical activity, working memory, and mathematics achievement on the basis of socioeconomic status: the mediating role of physical fitness level.","authors":"Süreyya Babayoğlu, Muhammed Sıddık Çemç, Sinan Vural, Görkem Açar, Emine Dereli Kamçı, Atacan Babayoğlu","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1795851","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1795851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Socioeconomic disparities influence both academic achievement and health-related behaviors during adolescence; however, the mechanisms linking physical activity, physical fitness, and cognitive functions-particularly working memory-to academic outcomes remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships among socioeconomic status (SES), physical activity, physical fitness, working memory, and mathematics achievement in adolescents, with a specific focus on the mediating role of physical fitness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 310 ninth-grade students from five secondary schools in Türkiye. SES was assessed using a composite index including parental education, occupation, income, and household characteristics. Physical activity, physical fitness, working memory, and mathematics achievement were evaluated using validated standardized measures. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine direct associations and the mediating role of physical fitness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternal and paternal education levels were positively associated with mathematics achievement, whereas only maternal education showed a significant association with physical activity. SES was not directly associated with either physical activity or mathematics achievement. Working memory significantly predicted mathematics achievement. Physical activity was positively associated with physical fitness, which in turn predicted working memory. Additionally, physical fitness partially mediated the relationship between physical activity and working memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although causal relationships cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional design, the findings suggest that regular engagement in physical activity and the development of physical fitness may contribute to improved cognitive functioning and academic performance during adolescence. Interventions aimed at enhancing physical fitness and promoting equitable access to physical activity opportunities may support both cognitive and educational outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1795851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13018152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147573058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study of multidimensional psychosocial stress and depression risk.","authors":"Lu Han, Xingyu Chen, Xinyu Li, Peiyun Zhang, Jinlan Jiang, Xinxuan Lyu, Yanbing Lu, Yuzhen Chen, Wei Jin, Lihong Li","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1786960","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1786960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional associations of multidimensional psychosocial stress and body mass index (BMI) with depression risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 222 participants (123 with depression, 99 controls) completed questionnaires assessing depression (BDI-II), six domains of psychosocial stress (family, work, financial, academic, interpersonal, emotional), BMI, and lifestyle factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent associations, with exploratory subgroup analyses by age and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis indicates that, family stress (OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.96-6.15), academic stress (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.14-3.38), and interpersonal stress (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.36-4.03) were independently associated with higher odds of depression. Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of depression (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96); however, this inverse association may be confounded by unmeasured factors such as antidepressant use and should be interpreted cautiously. An extreme association with alcohol abstinence (OR = 0.05) was based on a very small subgroup (<i>n</i> = 14) and requires cautious interpretation. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested variations in these associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specific psychosocial stressors are associated with depression risk in this sample. The counterintuitive finding regarding BMI warrants investigation in studies controlling for medication use. The subgroup findings are preliminary and require replication in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1786960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13018114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147573067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}