Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Time-lagged precipitation drives the alternation of nitrogen and phosphorus limitations via nutrient resorption, constraining productivity in temperate forests","authors":"Baoming Du ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengbing Yan ,&nbsp;Saeed ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Chen ,&nbsp;Chang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yanhua Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongzhang Kang ,&nbsp;Shan Yin ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought limits forest productivity, yet rewetting after drought does not fully restore productivity to its maximum potential. Whether this incomplete recovery is linked to plant nutrient limitations remains unclear. Here we continuously investigated nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE) of three deciduous oak species for ten years (from 2013 to 2022) in a dry warm-temperate forest in Central China, and assessed their relationships with interannual climate variability and forest net primary productivity (NPP). Our results demonstrated that nutrient resorption did not differ among tree species but across years. With increasing precipitation, NRE initially decreased (9 %) and then increased (7 %), while PRE showed a consistent linear increase. In most years, PRE was higher than NRE, indicating that plant growth in this region is generally P-limited. However, in the second year following extreme precipitation events (2017 and 2021), the NRE:PRE ratio increased and exceeded 1, suggesting that the time-lag effects of extreme precipitation can shift the ecosystem from P to N limitation in the next year. PRE was positively correlated with NPP, while NRE was negatively correlated with NPP. A sudden decline in NPP was observed when the NRE:PRE ratio exceeded 1. Our results suggest that the lagged effects of extreme precipitation may switch N and P limitations via nutrient resorption in warm-temperate forest ecosystems, further constraining forest productivity. This study provides scientific guidance for forest management under global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species level differences in decomposition rates and deadwood carbon storage in the southeastern United States","authors":"Rabia Amen,&nbsp;Emily White ,&nbsp;Drew Williams,&nbsp;Joshua Granger,&nbsp;Courtney Siegert","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamics of nutrient cycling and longevity of carbon stored in deadwood varies across ecosystems and is frequently modeled as a function of climate. However, interspecific differences in physiochemical properties also influence decomposition. In diverse forests, particularly those in the southeastern United States, our understanding of species-specific rates of decomposition is limited. To investigate these decomposition pathways, including structural and chemical changes, we established a common garden experiment using eight common tree species (<em>Acer rubrum</em>, <em>Carya ovata</em>, <em>Juniperus virginiana</em>, <em>Liriodendron styraciflua</em>, <em>Maclura pomifera</em>, <em>Pinus taeda</em>, <em>Quercus alba</em>, <em>Quercus pagoda</em>) replicated across three forested sites in central Mississippi, USA. We measured changes in wood mass, carbon, nitrogen, and spectral properties via FTIR spectroscopy over two years. After 24 months, <em>M. pomifera</em> decomposed the slowest, with 89.0 ± 0.9 % mass remaining; <em>L. styraciflua</em> had the fastest decomposition with 27.4 ± 4.4 % mass remaining followed by <em>A. rubrum</em> (39.2 ± 5.6 %). <em>Pinus taeda</em> had the greatest carbon concentration in both fresh wood (50.7 ± 0.4 %) and after 24 months (52.5 ± 0.5; p &lt; 0.001) although <em>M. pomifera</em> had the greatest increase in carbon relative to remaining mass (∆4.7 ± 0.6 %) highlighting the role these two species may play in long-term storage of carbon. Species with the fastest decomposition, <em>L. styraciflua</em> and <em>A. rubrum</em>, had the greatest change in spectral properties, indicating higher loss of cellulose through decomposition and exposure of lignin. In contrast, <em>M. pomifera</em> and <em>Q. alba</em> had the strongest structural stability, with minimal change in spectra. Results of this study demonstrate interspecific controls on deadwood decomposition in southeastern forests and highlight the variable response to multiple interacting drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-lagged precipitation drives the alternation of nitrogen and phosphorus limitations via nutrient resorption, constraining productivity in temperate forests","authors":"Baoming Du ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengbing Yan ,&nbsp;Saeed ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Chen ,&nbsp;Chang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yanhua Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongzhang Kang ,&nbsp;Shan Yin ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought limits forest productivity, yet rewetting after drought does not fully restore productivity to its maximum potential. Whether this incomplete recovery is linked to plant nutrient limitations remains unclear. Here we continuously investigated nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE) of three deciduous oak species for ten years (from 2013 to 2022) in a dry warm-temperate forest in Central China, and assessed their relationships with interannual climate variability and forest net primary productivity (NPP). Our results demonstrated that nutrient resorption did not differ among tree species but across years. With increasing precipitation, NRE initially decreased (9 %) and then increased (7 %), while PRE showed a consistent linear increase. In most years, PRE was higher than NRE, indicating that plant growth in this region is generally P-limited. However, in the second year following extreme precipitation events (2017 and 2021), the NRE:PRE ratio increased and exceeded 1, suggesting that the time-lag effects of extreme precipitation can shift the ecosystem from P to N limitation in the next year. PRE was positively correlated with NPP, while NRE was negatively correlated with NPP. A sudden decline in NPP was observed when the NRE:PRE ratio exceeded 1. Our results suggest that the lagged effects of extreme precipitation may switch N and P limitations via nutrient resorption in warm-temperate forest ecosystems, further constraining forest productivity. This study provides scientific guidance for forest management under global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species level differences in decomposition rates and deadwood carbon storage in the southeastern United States","authors":"Rabia Amen,&nbsp;Emily White ,&nbsp;Drew Williams,&nbsp;Joshua Granger,&nbsp;Courtney Siegert","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamics of nutrient cycling and longevity of carbon stored in deadwood varies across ecosystems and is frequently modeled as a function of climate. However, interspecific differences in physiochemical properties also influence decomposition. In diverse forests, particularly those in the southeastern United States, our understanding of species-specific rates of decomposition is limited. To investigate these decomposition pathways, including structural and chemical changes, we established a common garden experiment using eight common tree species (<em>Acer rubrum</em>, <em>Carya ovata</em>, <em>Juniperus virginiana</em>, <em>Liriodendron styraciflua</em>, <em>Maclura pomifera</em>, <em>Pinus taeda</em>, <em>Quercus alba</em>, <em>Quercus pagoda</em>) replicated across three forested sites in central Mississippi, USA. We measured changes in wood mass, carbon, nitrogen, and spectral properties via FTIR spectroscopy over two years. After 24 months, <em>M. pomifera</em> decomposed the slowest, with 89.0 ± 0.9 % mass remaining; <em>L. styraciflua</em> had the fastest decomposition with 27.4 ± 4.4 % mass remaining followed by <em>A. rubrum</em> (39.2 ± 5.6 %). <em>Pinus taeda</em> had the greatest carbon concentration in both fresh wood (50.7 ± 0.4 %) and after 24 months (52.5 ± 0.5; p &lt; 0.001) although <em>M. pomifera</em> had the greatest increase in carbon relative to remaining mass (∆4.7 ± 0.6 %) highlighting the role these two species may play in long-term storage of carbon. Species with the fastest decomposition, <em>L. styraciflua</em> and <em>A. rubrum</em>, had the greatest change in spectral properties, indicating higher loss of cellulose through decomposition and exposure of lignin. In contrast, <em>M. pomifera</em> and <em>Q. alba</em> had the strongest structural stability, with minimal change in spectra. Results of this study demonstrate interspecific controls on deadwood decomposition in southeastern forests and highlight the variable response to multiple interacting drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth characteristics of standing individual Japanese oak (Quercus crispula) qualifying for barrel timber in a secondary forest","authors":"Akira Nakaya ,&nbsp;Satoru Murakami ,&nbsp;Hisashi Ohsaki ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Ohno ,&nbsp;Toshiya Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for Japanese oak (Mizunara; <em>Quercus crispula</em>) as barrel timber has been increasing. To prevent liquid leakage, small grain angles and abundant tyloses are essential. This study examined the grain angles and tylose filling ratios in <em>Q. crispula</em> and their relationships with individual tree growth characteristics. A total of 237 disks were collected at 3 m tree height at a 7.1 ha secondary forest dominated by <em>Q. crispula</em>. The grain angles were measured via the splitting method to calculate the absolute average (AGAab). The proportion of earlywood vessels filled with tyloses in the sapwood−heartwood transition zone (2 cm²) was also assessed (TFRtr). Relationships between AGAab, TFRtr, and various factors were analyzed via structural equation modeling. The most influential factor for AGAab was wood ec centricity (the estimated standardized path coefficient = 0.33, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), followed by annual ring width (coefficient = 0.29, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). This suggests that uneven and fast radial growth increases the grain angle. The strongest factor for TFRtr was annual ring width (coefficient = −0.21, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), indicating that slow-growing trees allocate more resources to maintaining existing structures than to form new cells. These findings suggest that promoting rapid growth does not necessarily enhance wood quality. For barrel wood production, long-rotation forestry is recommended to ensure moderate competition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth characteristics of standing individual Japanese oak (Quercus crispula) qualifying for barrel timber in a secondary forest","authors":"Akira Nakaya ,&nbsp;Satoru Murakami ,&nbsp;Hisashi Ohsaki ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Ohno ,&nbsp;Toshiya Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for Japanese oak (Mizunara; <em>Quercus crispula</em>) as barrel timber has been increasing. To prevent liquid leakage, small grain angles and abundant tyloses are essential. This study examined the grain angles and tylose filling ratios in <em>Q. crispula</em> and their relationships with individual tree growth characteristics. A total of 237 disks were collected at 3 m tree height at a 7.1 ha secondary forest dominated by <em>Q. crispula</em>. The grain angles were measured via the splitting method to calculate the absolute average (AGAab). The proportion of earlywood vessels filled with tyloses in the sapwood−heartwood transition zone (2 cm²) was also assessed (TFRtr). Relationships between AGAab, TFRtr, and various factors were analyzed via structural equation modeling. The most influential factor for AGAab was wood ec centricity (the estimated standardized path coefficient = 0.33, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), followed by annual ring width (coefficient = 0.29, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). This suggests that uneven and fast radial growth increases the grain angle. The strongest factor for TFRtr was annual ring width (coefficient = −0.21, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), indicating that slow-growing trees allocate more resources to maintaining existing structures than to form new cells. These findings suggest that promoting rapid growth does not necessarily enhance wood quality. For barrel wood production, long-rotation forestry is recommended to ensure moderate competition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elite genotype selection for Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance in Holm oak based on multi-omic molecular markers","authors":"Marina M. Trivino ,&nbsp;María-Dolores Rey ,&nbsp;María Ángeles Castillejo-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Mónica Labella-Ortega ,&nbsp;Tamara Hernández-Lao ,&nbsp;Marta Tienda-Parrilla ,&nbsp;Adela Ruiz-Fernández ,&nbsp;Ana Belén Huertas-García ,&nbsp;Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo ,&nbsp;Ana María Maldonado-Alconada","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable management and conservation of forest tree species are crucial for protecting ecosystems and preserving historical legacies. The Holm oak (<em>Quercus ilex</em> subp. <em>ballota</em> (Desf.) Samp.) holds significant historical, environmental, economic and social value. Threatened by anthropogenic and environmental factors, understanding its biology is vital for developing biotechnological strategies to reduce mortality caused by decline syndrome and climate change. This review outlines advancements in multi-omics approaches to identify key genes involved in the response of <em>Q. ilex</em> to the pathogen <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi,</em> the primary cause of the root rot implicated in decline and premature mortality. Based on our research, we propose 29 candidate genes from asymptomatic individuals involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, the phenylpropanoid pathway, redox reactions, protease activity, cellular detoxification processes, stress-related events, and transcription factors. Model organisms, such as <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> and <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>, can facilitate bridging the gap between gene identification and their functional verification. We argue that forward and reverse genetic analyses of <em>Q. ilex</em> candidate genes in model organisms, including phenotypic characterization and heterologous complementation, offer a promising approach for advancing the breeding of elite, resilient genotypes for reforestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing for planning harvesting operations and monitoring their effects on the forest ecosystem: State of the art and future perspectives","authors":"Francesco Latterini ,&nbsp;Nicoló Camarretta ,&nbsp;Michael S. Watt","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To balance economic and environmental needs, sustainable forest management is essential, requiring strategies that minimise the disturbance caused by management and operations to the forest ecosystem. Effective planning and monitoring are the foundation of this approach, ensuring that harvesting activities do not compromise long-term forest health. Remote sensing has emerged as a powerful tool for achieving sustainable forestry, offering precise data for planning operations and assessing their environmental impact. To summarise the state of the art in this area and define future research needs, we reviewed remote sensing application for planning and monitoring forest operations. Over the past twelve years, advances in satellite and sensor technologies have significantly improved forest management strategies. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), an active remote sensing sensor, plays a fundamental role in designing accessibility networks and mapping soil trafficability, ensuring that machinery access routes are optimised to reduce soil degradation. It is also a key input for decision support systems aimed at refining felling strategies, allowing for a more selective and sustainable approach to timber extraction. Both satellite imagery and LiDAR data are widely used for monitoring the environmental impacts of forest operations, with satellite imagery primarily assessing canopy disturbance, while airborne or terrestrial LiDAR captures both canopy and soil disruptions. Advances in artificial intelligence and the integration of various remote sensing technologies will further improve the possibility of monitoring the disturbance related to forest operations, by increasing the detection accuracy and improving the process of disturbance detection. However, to transition from research to widespread operational use, it is crucial to develop user-friendly software interfaces and establish training programs tailored to forestry practitioners, whose decision-making often occurs in resource-limited field environments. By addressing these operational realities, such tools can become genuinely accessible instruments for sustainable forest operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within- and between-site variability of δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N in Amazonian tree rings: Climatic drivers and implications for geographic traceability","authors":"Ana Claudia Gama Batista ,&nbsp;Isabela Maria Souza Silva ,&nbsp;Maria Gabriella da Silva Araújo ,&nbsp;Deoclecio Jardim Amorim ,&nbsp;Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto ,&nbsp;Fábio José Viana Costa ,&nbsp;Niro Higuchi ,&nbsp;Mario Tomazello-Filho ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Barbosa ,&nbsp;Vladmir Eliodoro Costa ,&nbsp;Stéphane Ponton ,&nbsp;Luiz Antonio Martinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illegal logging in the Amazon rainforest remains a major environmental challenge, contributing to widespread forest degradation and undermining global conservation efforts. Among emerging forensic tools for combating illegal timber trade, stable isotope analysis has shown promise for tracing the geographic origin of wood. In this study, we assess the spatial variability and environmental controls of δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N in tree-ring cellulose across 249 trees sampled at 21 sites in the Brazilian Amazon. We analyze intra-tree isotopic variation using wood samples from five radial positions per tree and evaluate variance components using Bayesian mixed-effects models. Our results reveal that isotopic variation across radial positions is relatively small compared to within- and between-site variability, with radius 4 (near the sapwood-heartwood boundary) providing a representative and forensically practical sampling location. Variance partitioning shows that between-site differences account for the largest share of isotopic variation, although within-site variability—driven by species identity and microclimatic factors—remains substantial, especially for δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C. Power curve analyses suggest that sampling approximately 10 individuals per site suffices for δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N, while δ¹⁸O requires more extensive sampling. Random forest models incorporating climatic, topographic, and physiological predictors explained up to 73 % of the variance in δ¹⁵N but were less effective for δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C. These findings provide critical insights for designing stable isotope-based timber traceability systems, highlighting the need for robust sampling strategies and the inclusion of species-specific traits to enhance model performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival modeling of branch–knot developmental dynamics in Korean Pine plantations: Linking climate, region, and artificial pruning","authors":"Zheng Miao ,&nbsp;Xuehan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yumeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Lihu Dong ,&nbsp;Fengri Li","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the developmental dynamics of branches and knots is critical for managing wood quality and crown structure for Korean pine (<em>Pinus koraiensis</em>) plantations. In this study, Cox models and accelerated failure time (AFT) models were employed to analyze branch growth cessation (<span><math><mi>TBC</mi></math></span>), death (<span><math><mi>TCD</mi></math></span>), and occlusion (<span><math><mi>TDO</mi></math></span>) using data from 2706 knots on 101 destructively sampled trees across two representative plantation regions in northeastern China. Time-dependent Cox models revealed that drought (<span><math><mi>CMD</mi></math></span>) and high summer temperatures (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>max</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>JJA</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) significantly accelerated branch growth cessation and death, with increasing severity as branches aged. Conversely, higher site quality (<span><math><mi>SI</mi></math></span>) and relative diameter (<span><math><mi>Rd</mi></math></span>) initially delayed branch mortality, though these effects gradually weakened over time. Artificial pruning (<span><math><mi>IFP</mi></math></span>) had a significant and progressively increasing effect on knot occlusion over time. Factors such as tree age (<span><math><mi>TSB</mi></math></span>), growth rate (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>iDBH</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>averDO</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and knot height (<span><math><mi>KH</mi></math></span>), also showed significant yet consistent effects on branch–knot development. AFT models provided direct predictions of developmental timing, with <span><math><mi>RMSE</mi></math></span>s of 3.5, 2.9 and 4.7 years for <span><math><mi>TBC</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>TCD</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>TDO</mi></math></span>, respectively. Model validation further demonstrated good predictive accuracy, with global <span><math><mi>MAE</mi></math></span>s of 2.8, 2.2, and 3.4 years, though errors were slightly higher at early and late time intervals. Incorporating climate variables accounted for most interregional variation, rendering geographic indicators insignificant and enhancing model generality. Overall, the models developed in this study offer potential for integration into growth and yield simulation systems to support optimized pruning and thinning schedules, thereby enhancing wood quality and informing adaptive silvicultural management under varying regional climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}