Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Effect of revegetation method (seedling outplanting versus direct seeding) on holm oak root architecture: Implications for restoration success under a global change scenario","authors":"Raquel Juan-Ovejero ,&nbsp;Jorge Castro ,&nbsp;Francisco B. Navarro ,&nbsp;E. Rodríguez-Caballero ,&nbsp;M.P. Reyes-Martín ,&nbsp;Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ,&nbsp;M.N. Jiménez ,&nbsp;Alexandro B. Leverkus","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oaks develop robust taproots that enable them to access water from deeper soil layers and thrive in drought-prone environments. Understanding how different revegetation methods influence oak root development is therefore crucial for improving restoration strategies. In a common garden experiment, we compared the root systems of holm oaks (<em>Quercus ilex</em> L.) established through two revegetation methods: seedling outplanting after nursery cultivation and direct acorn seeding. After five growing seasons, we excavated holm oak root systems to a depth of 50–60 cm using a bulldozer and scanned them with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Two TLS-derived metrics described the apical dominance gradient of the taproot (index of principal axis dominance and path fraction), while another assessed root ramification (total number of forks per meter). Manual measurements were also taken for taproot diameter, branching root diameters, root branching density, and root:shoot ratio. Moreover, we assessed the resprouting capacity of seeded and planted oaks harvested two years earlier in the same common garden. Multivariate analyses and generalized linear models revealed significant differences between outplanting and direct seeding in root characteristics. Seeded individuals showed greater apical dominance and a higher root:shoot ratio, whereas outplanted ones developed more root ramifications and root branching density, with thicker taproot and branching roots, and a higher ratio of the mean branching root diameter to the taproot diameter. Furthermore, plants from the seeding treatment exhibited a slight but significantly higher resprouting capacity than those from the outplanting treatment. These results indicate that direct seeding promotes a more natural root structure, with stronger taproots and better resprouting capacity than outplanting. Our findings suggest that direct seeding may provide a more nature-based solution than outplanting for forest restoration by emulating natural regeneration. In the mid-term, the root development shown by direct acorn seeding may enhance the ability of holm oaks to withstand disturbances such as droughts in the Mediterranean Region under global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burn severity modifies the impact of salvage logging on post-wildfire natural regeneration of Douglas-fir in interior British Columbia","authors":"Julie McAulay ,&nbsp;José Ignacio Querejeta ,&nbsp;Bianca N.I. Eskelson ,&nbsp;Lori D. Daniels ,&nbsp;Stephanie Ewen ,&nbsp;Gabriel Danyagri ,&nbsp;Sari C. Saunders ,&nbsp;Ignacio Barbeito","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><div>Exacerbated by climate change, wildfires in British Columbia, Canada, have increased in extent and severity, impacting forests, including commercially valuable species like interior Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca</em>). Post-wildfire salvage logging aims to mitigate financial losses and accelerate regeneration, though its ecological impacts remain uncertain.</div></span></li></ul><ul><li><span>2.</span><span><div>This study was conducted in the Alex Fraser Research Forest, where a 2017 wildfire burned approximately 1000 ha. Combined with 2023 seedling biomass and %N measurements, we used linear mixed-effects models to examine the physiological responses of regenerating interior Douglas-fir seedlings to burn severity and salvage logging, using carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotope analyses (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ¹⁸O) to assess water-use efficiency (WUE_i), photosynthesis, water stress, and nitrogen cycling post-disturbance.</div></span></li></ul><ul><li><span>3.</span><span><div>Higher seedling biomass was found in high-severity, not-salvaged sites. Moderate-severity, not-salvaged sites had lower δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values compared to high-severity (salvaged and not-salvaged) and moderates-severity, salvaged sites. Higher leaf %N was positively correlated with δ¹³C values across treatments, indicating enhanced water-use efficiency.</div></span></li></ul><ul><li><span>4.</span><span><div>The statistically significant interactions between burn severity and salvage logging and their influence on seedling biomass, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁸O emphasize the key role of microclimatic conditions in post-fire recovery. In high-severity sites, salvage logging did not enhance seedling biomass, likely due to already sufficient light availability. In moderate-severity sites, salvage logging had small, positive effects on seedling biomass that were not statistically significant. Higher leaf nitrogen content appeared to boost WUE_i across treatments. These findings support tailoring post-wildfire management to burn severity, with minimal intervention in high-severity areas and selective salvage in moderate-severity sites.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing pine forest ecosystems after fire: The need of being proactive under future uncertainty","authors":"Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ,&nbsp;Courtney Leigh Peterson ,&nbsp;Camille Stevens-Rumann","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires are crucial in shaping forest ecosystems globally, influencing structure, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. However, the interaction of climate change, reduced grazing, fuel accumulation, and human-caused ignitions has led to a worldwide increase in wildfire frequency and severity. This intensifies fire events and transforms forest structures, favoring more severe, landscape-scale wildfires, particularly in fire-prone regions. These changes, coupled with climate change, can push ecosystems beyond their recovery capacity, potentially leading to shifts from forests to non-forested ecosystems and the loss of essential ecosystem services. Effective post-fire forest management is critical for ecosystem recovery and resilience, especially under a changing climate. While natural regeneration can occur, many ecosystems are transitioning to non-forest or deciduous-dominated states after severe fires. The resistance-resilience-transition (RRT) framework offers adaptive strategies: resistance aims to preserve existing conditions, resilience focuses on returning to a prior state after disturbance, and transition involves guiding ecosystems toward new, stable conditions better adapted to future stressors. Implementing these strategies, alongside ongoing research and community engagement, is vital for ensuring long-term sustainability of wildfire-affected landscapes and the ecosystem services they provide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing pine forest ecosystems after fire: The need of being proactive under future uncertainty","authors":"Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ,&nbsp;Courtney Leigh Peterson ,&nbsp;Camille Stevens-Rumann","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires are crucial in shaping forest ecosystems globally, influencing structure, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. However, the interaction of climate change, reduced grazing, fuel accumulation, and human-caused ignitions has led to a worldwide increase in wildfire frequency and severity. This intensifies fire events and transforms forest structures, favoring more severe, landscape-scale wildfires, particularly in fire-prone regions. These changes, coupled with climate change, can push ecosystems beyond their recovery capacity, potentially leading to shifts from forests to non-forested ecosystems and the loss of essential ecosystem services. Effective post-fire forest management is critical for ecosystem recovery and resilience, especially under a changing climate. While natural regeneration can occur, many ecosystems are transitioning to non-forest or deciduous-dominated states after severe fires. The resistance-resilience-transition (RRT) framework offers adaptive strategies: resistance aims to preserve existing conditions, resilience focuses on returning to a prior state after disturbance, and transition involves guiding ecosystems toward new, stable conditions better adapted to future stressors. Implementing these strategies, alongside ongoing research and community engagement, is vital for ensuring long-term sustainability of wildfire-affected landscapes and the ecosystem services they provide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different forestry management practices on soil mesofauna in the regeneration phase","authors":"Norbert Flórián ,&nbsp;Veronika Gergócs-Winkler ,&nbsp;Bence Kovács ,&nbsp;Réka Aszalós ,&nbsp;András Bidló ,&nbsp;Péter Ódor","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests hold both ecological and economic value, but as the majority are now under human management, there is an increasing need for silvicultural strategies that support biodiversity and ecosystem functioning alongside timber production. Soil mesofauna, which comprise a substantial proportion of forest biodiversity, play vital roles in maintaining soil processes and overall ecosystem health. This study assessed the long-term effects of four forest management treatments, preparation cutting (partial cutting), retention tree group, gap-cutting, and clear-cutting, on various soil mesofauna groups (Acari, Collembola, Protura, Diplura, Symphyla, Pauropoda) in a managed oak forest in Hungary, sampled six and nine years after intervention. The treatments significantly influenced mesofaunal communities, although responses varied by taxon. Acari and Protura displayed the clearest gradients, with densities declining from control plots to more intensively disturbed treatments. Other groups showed more variable patterns, often shaped by seasonal dynamics. Retention tree group and preparation cutting were the most successful at maintaining mesofaunal densities at levels comparable to, or even exceeding, those in undisturbed sites. In contrast, clear-cutting and gap-cutting were associated with lower densities in several taxa, although some recovery was evident due to vegetation regrowth over time. The findings highlight the importance of seasonal timing in ecological assessments, with treatment effects most pronounced in spring and autumn. Taxon-specific responses, particularly those of Protura, Acari, and Collembola, demonstrate the potential of soil mesofauna as sensitive indicators of ecological change and recovery following forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for genera-level bark beetle taxonomic classification","authors":"Intuon Lertrusdachakul,&nbsp;Pierre-Emmanuel Leni,&nbsp;Régine Gschwind,&nbsp;Coralie Bertheau","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>With the ongoing climate change and increasingly frequent extreme weather events, there has been a concerning rise in bark beetle (Scolytinae) outbreaks in temperate forests, posing a major threat to biodiversity and the forest economy. Rapid and accurate species identification is crucial, but remains challenging due to their tiny size, strong morphological similarities, and the limited availability of high-quality reference images. By combining entomological expertise with artificial intelligence, this work proposes an innovative tool to tackle the urgent risks of forest health and resilience in climate variability crisis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We have developed classification benchmark for genus-level bark beetle, utilizing about 1600 images varying in qualities and settings across 13 classes. Several deep learning models were evaluated, including AlexNet, SqueezeNet, VGG, and existing ResNet architectures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Best results are obtained from ResNet-50, yielding remarkable 96 % of validation accuracy. Along with other measurement standards of 97 % precision, 96 % recall and F1-score, all these performances are also in agreement with multi-class confusion matrices. These findings emphasize highly reliable classification accomplishment, with high degree of the confidence between our prediction and reality matching.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our automated identification system has helped professionals in forestry, ecology, and biology by minimizing labor-intensive tasks, facilitating large-scale taxonomic work, and later enabling real-time analysis. Beyond taxonomy, our system provides a practical strategy for tracking pest population dynamics and movement across regions, anticipating potential outbreaks, and supporting more adaptive forest management. The preventive use of this new application can contribute to maintaining ecosystem stability and conserving natural forests in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe disturbance sets a lowland mixed-eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia on a new developmental trajectory","authors":"Mark T. Lutze,&nbsp;Raphaël Trouvé,&nbsp;Patrick J. Baker,&nbsp;Craig R. Nitschke","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Black Summer fires of southeastern Australia in 2019–20 were extensive and severe and they may have fundamentally altered the nature of the lowland mixed-eucalypt forests in many places. One hypothesised consequence of such high severity fires is that <em>Eucalyptus sieberi</em> (silvertop ash), a fast-growing, shade-intolerant species that regenerates vigorously from seed, will increase in dominance over large areas. We sampled 64 plots in forests in eastern Victoria that burnt during the 2019–20 bushfires to determine the effect of fire intensity and logging history on the regeneration of canopy species. Seedlings of canopy species regenerated in high abundance and increased in response to increasing seed supply, fire intensity, and prior logging activity. <em>Eucalyptus sieberi</em> was disproportionately successful in recruitment, vigour and competitive position. The increase in openness of the canopy after moderate to high intensity fire or logging may result in parts of the forest becoming dominated by even-aged <em>E. sieberi</em> regeneration. These results suggest that the scale and severity of the Black Summer fires may have set the landscapes of southeastern Australia on a new developmental trajectory in which low diversity <em>E. sieberi</em> stands dominate large areas of forest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for genera-level bark beetle taxonomic classification","authors":"Intuon Lertrusdachakul,&nbsp;Pierre-Emmanuel Leni,&nbsp;Régine Gschwind,&nbsp;Coralie Bertheau","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>With the ongoing climate change and increasingly frequent extreme weather events, there has been a concerning rise in bark beetle (Scolytinae) outbreaks in temperate forests, posing a major threat to biodiversity and the forest economy. Rapid and accurate species identification is crucial, but remains challenging due to their tiny size, strong morphological similarities, and the limited availability of high-quality reference images. By combining entomological expertise with artificial intelligence, this work proposes an innovative tool to tackle the urgent risks of forest health and resilience in climate variability crisis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We have developed classification benchmark for genus-level bark beetle, utilizing about 1600 images varying in qualities and settings across 13 classes. Several deep learning models were evaluated, including AlexNet, SqueezeNet, VGG, and existing ResNet architectures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Best results are obtained from ResNet-50, yielding remarkable 96 % of validation accuracy. Along with other measurement standards of 97 % precision, 96 % recall and F1-score, all these performances are also in agreement with multi-class confusion matrices. These findings emphasize highly reliable classification accomplishment, with high degree of the confidence between our prediction and reality matching.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our automated identification system has helped professionals in forestry, ecology, and biology by minimizing labor-intensive tasks, facilitating large-scale taxonomic work, and later enabling real-time analysis. Beyond taxonomy, our system provides a practical strategy for tracking pest population dynamics and movement across regions, anticipating potential outbreaks, and supporting more adaptive forest management. The preventive use of this new application can contribute to maintaining ecosystem stability and conserving natural forests in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different forestry management practices on soil mesofauna in the regeneration phase","authors":"Norbert Flórián ,&nbsp;Veronika Gergócs-Winkler ,&nbsp;Bence Kovács ,&nbsp;Réka Aszalós ,&nbsp;András Bidló ,&nbsp;Péter Ódor","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests hold both ecological and economic value, but as the majority are now under human management, there is an increasing need for silvicultural strategies that support biodiversity and ecosystem functioning alongside timber production. Soil mesofauna, which comprise a substantial proportion of forest biodiversity, play vital roles in maintaining soil processes and overall ecosystem health. This study assessed the long-term effects of four forest management treatments, preparation cutting (partial cutting), retention tree group, gap-cutting, and clear-cutting, on various soil mesofauna groups (Acari, Collembola, Protura, Diplura, Symphyla, Pauropoda) in a managed oak forest in Hungary, sampled six and nine years after intervention. The treatments significantly influenced mesofaunal communities, although responses varied by taxon. Acari and Protura displayed the clearest gradients, with densities declining from control plots to more intensively disturbed treatments. Other groups showed more variable patterns, often shaped by seasonal dynamics. Retention tree group and preparation cutting were the most successful at maintaining mesofaunal densities at levels comparable to, or even exceeding, those in undisturbed sites. In contrast, clear-cutting and gap-cutting were associated with lower densities in several taxa, although some recovery was evident due to vegetation regrowth over time. The findings highlight the importance of seasonal timing in ecological assessments, with treatment effects most pronounced in spring and autumn. Taxon-specific responses, particularly those of Protura, Acari, and Collembola, demonstrate the potential of soil mesofauna as sensitive indicators of ecological change and recovery following forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cryptic moth species drives major outbreak dynamics on oak without escaping its natural enemies","authors":"Markus Franzén ,&nbsp;Romana Salis ,&nbsp;Marcus Hall ,&nbsp;Alvaro Gaytan ,&nbsp;Anders Forsman ,&nbsp;Tomas Roslin ,&nbsp;Ayco J.M. Tack","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global forest ecosystems are experiencing increasingly frequent and severe insect outbreaks, driven by complex interactions among climate change, land-use alterations, and shifting species distributions. Species that are morphologically indistinguishable — often referred to as cryptic species — can differ significantly in distribution, host use, and susceptibility to natural enemies and might thereby differ in outbreak dynamics. Yet, the contribution of cryptic species to temporal changes in the frequency and severity of insect outbreak dynamics remains poorly understood. Motivated by recent defoliation events in northern European oak forests, we investigated an emerging leaf-miner outbreak in Sweden. Through targeted surveys, rearing from 22 sites and Malaise trapping at 34 sites (56 sites total), we identified a pronounced spatial clustering of outbreaks at higher latitudes. The newly recognised cryptic species <em>Acrocercops andreneli</em> was strongly associated with these outbreaks, whereas sites with only <em>Acrocercops brongniardella</em> never showed outbreaks. Host-parasitoid networks related to the two cryptic moth species were strikingly similar. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cryptic species for outbreak dynamics and their consequences for host plant health in ways that are easily overlooked by traditional taxonomy. Moreover, such outbreak dynamics cannot always be linked to a lack of top-down control by natural enemies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}