Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Bentonite as substrate conditioner under different water regimes – A Eucalyptus dunnii seedling assay","authors":"Alessandra Cunha Pessoa,&nbsp;Leonardo Castilho Balbinot,&nbsp;Luara Castilho Balbinot,&nbsp;Leticia Siqueira Walter,&nbsp;Dagma Kratz,&nbsp;André Carlos Auler,&nbsp;Antônio Carlos Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The substrate has a lot of functions in the process to develop a high-quality seedling, including the responsibility to hold water and to make the water available for the plants. A compound that can be used to hold water is bentonite. So, the research aimed to evaluate the effects of different proportions of bentonite as a substrate component under two water conditions in the production of <em>Eucalyptus dunniii</em> seedlings. The research was carried out in the forest seedlings nursery in Curitiba/PR - Brazil. For the treatments, bentonite substrate conditioner was used in different proportions, 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %, in a commercial substrate (with sphagnum peat) here named as S0, S5, S10, S15 and S20 respectively, in two water regimes for the blocks. The seedlings produced with these bentonite proportions was analyzed by the height, stem diameter, dry matter (shoot, root and total), and two parameters: height/stem diameter ratio (H/SD) and Dickson Quality Index (DQI). The substrate analysis shown a contrary behavior of expected. The bentonite in the substrate for seedlings of <em>E. dunnii</em> did not increase water holding capacity in a linear form and the high proportion of bentonite did not improve seedling in the lower water regime, although the 5 % of bentonite gave a good results of seedlings growth, so the purpose of bentonite in the substrate to improve water holder capacity and minimize the irrigation would not be fully attended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of experimental partial harvesting regimes on forest canopy structure and complexity","authors":"Brandon C. Alveshere ,&nbsp;Christel C. Kern ,&nbsp;Robert T. Fahey","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical structure of forest canopies regulates numerous ecological processes and functions, and management strategies to promote specific structural features, such as high structural complexity, are increasingly desired. Partial disturbances — including partial harvests — can modify forest canopy structure, but their specific effects may be influenced by differences in characteristics such as intensity and frequency. Understanding the variable effects of silvicultural treatments on canopy structure will be essential to designing silvicultural regimes that can promote canopy structural complexity. We evaluated the effect of partial harvesting regimes on canopy structure (i.e., density, cover, height, arrangement, and heterogeneity) and complexity (as rugosity), quantified using a suite of metrics derived from portable canopy lidar, across three levels of harvesting intensity in three multi-decadal silvicultural experiments. We specifically assessed: 1) how repeated partial harvesting disturbance affected canopy structure and complexity relative to unmanipulated controls, 2) whether effects of partial harvesting differed among harvesting intensities or 3) between old- and second-growth stands, and 4) if canopy light interception differed among stands with different histories of partial harvesting disturbance. Findings indicated that canopy structure development under partial harvesting regimes differed from that of control stands, reducing vertical and canopy structural complexity at a fine (i.e., 1–6 ha treatment unit) scale, but increasing among-unit variability in canopy structure relative to controls. Variation in intensity among treatments produced relatively little distinction in fine-scale canopy structural outcomes, but the higher intensity selection harvesting regime in particular differed significantly from controls across all metrics of canopy structure. Partial harvesting affected the developmental trajectories of both old-growth and maturing, secondary forest stands, where selection-based management seemed to decrease structural features associated with old forests. Our findings suggest management regimes developed for timber goals could accommodate alternative goals that promote multi-scale canopy structural complexity across managed northern hardwood forest landscapes by adapting the timing (e.g., extending cutting intervals) and intensity (e.g., low intensity harvests) of partial harvesting to retain or develop elements of canopy complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth trends of loblolly pine age five or less in relation to soil type and management intensity","authors":"Christen Beasley ,&nbsp;David R. Carter ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Albaugh ,&nbsp;David Enemo ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Hong ,&nbsp;Rachel Cook ,&nbsp;Otávio Campoe ,&nbsp;Rafael Rubilar","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We evaluated three objectives for loblolly pine (<em>Pinus taeda</em> L.) trees age five or less: 1) how height growth varies by soil type and silvicultural intensity, 2) the accuracy of predicted base-age 25 site index (SI25) using age one to five heights, and 3) if height dominance exhibited early in the rotation is maintained throughout the rotation. Data from 42 sites across the southeastern United States with an array of soil textures and management intensities (optimal, intensive, and operational) were used. Management intensity and soils significantly affected tree height. Coarse loamy soils were the most responsive to increasing management intensity. At age four, tree heights were greatest in the optimal group (4.63 m), followed by the intensive (4.31 m), and then the operational (3.06 m). Organic soils do not appear to respond to maximum management intensity. Predictability of SI25 was high especially starting at age four, with R² values ranging from 0.27 for the age four intensive group to 0.78 for the age four operational group. The optimal group had the greatest slope with an expected increase of 2.61, 2.75, 1.88, and 1.78 m in site index per additional meter of height at ages two, three, four, or five, respectively. Data from six different study sites indicate, the tallest (class one) and smallest (class five) trees changed percentile class the least often over time. As early as age two, over 40 % of observations in classes one and five had zero changes in class through age 13. Young tree data were effective in predicting SI25, and height dominance appeared generally set early in the rotation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling regional forest site productivity accounting spatial structure in climatic and edaphic variables","authors":"Mukti Ram Subedi ,&nbsp;Andres Alejandro Baeza-Castro ,&nbsp;Puneet Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Bridgett Costanzo ,&nbsp;James A. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing interest in sustaining productivity amid changing climate, disturbance regimes, and management practices, an accurate forest productivity estimate is important to develop sustainable management regimes. Our goal was to estimate and map the potential productivity of co-occurring tree species. We used forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data and climatic and edaphic variables to model the composite site index (CSI) as a proxy of potential forest productivity. Initially, we identified the site index model for selected species: slash pine <em>(Pinus elliottii</em>), longleaf pine (<em>Pinus palustris</em>), loblolly pine (<em>Pinus taeda),</em> and yellow poplar (<em>Liriodendron tulipifera</em>). We then standardized species-specific site index (SI) values to generate composite site index (CSI) values. Finally, we used a random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm (ML) to predict CSI values based on climatic and edaphic factors while addressing spatial dependencies in the data set. The RF model explained 81 % of the variation (R²_adj = 0.81), with a mean bias of 0.11 m and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.37 m. The accuracy of modeling and mapping forest productivity using CSI depends on the quality and spatial distribution of national forest inventory data at the species level and climatic information. We recommend modeling forest productivity that accounts for spatial structure in the data to reduce overinflation of overall accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green is the New Black: Outcomes of post-fire tree planting across the US Interior West","authors":"Kyle C. Rodman ,&nbsp;Paula J. Fornwalt ,&nbsp;Zachary A. Holden ,&nbsp;Joseph E. Crouse ,&nbsp;Kimberley T. Davis ,&nbsp;Laura A.E. Marshall ,&nbsp;Michael T. Stoddard ,&nbsp;Robert A. Andrus ,&nbsp;Marin E. Chambers ,&nbsp;Teresa B. Chapman ,&nbsp;Sarah J. Hart ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Schloegel ,&nbsp;Camille S. Stevens-Rumann","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reforestation activities such as tree planting are important management tools to offset carbon emissions and restore forest ecosystem integrity. Severe wildfire activity, a key driver of forest loss, is increasing throughout the western United States (US) and creating an immense backlog of areas needing reforestation. Major financial investments and recent policy changes are expected to accelerate rates of tree planting, yet the broad-scale impact and efficacy of post-fire planting activities remain poorly understood. We quantified the outcomes of recent (1987–2022) post-fire plantings in the US Interior West using remotely sensed estimates of forest cover change and in-situ survival records (69,245 seedlings) spanning 297 unique fire events. Overall, planted areas gained forest cover 25.7 % more rapidly than environmentally similar, unplanted sites in the same fires, and planted seedling survival averaged 79.5 % (SD = 23.2 %) after one growing season. However, the effects of planting were highly variable over time and across environmental gradients. Forest cover gain and planted seedling survival were typically highest in cold, wet areas and when planting was followed by wetter-than-average years. Planting season also shaped outcomes, with late summer or fall plantings performing best on warm, dry sites, and spring plantings performing best in cold, wet areas. Forest cover gain was fastest in planting units that burned at low to moderate severity and had &gt; 20 % post-fire forest cover in the surrounding area. Nearly half of all plantings were completed in such areas, where natural regeneration processes are most likely to promote forest recovery even without intervention. Here, we demonstrate that tree planting can enhance post-fire forest recovery rates at broad scales, though its effects are dependent on a range of environmental and operational factors. Our results help inform realistic expectations of planting outcomes, an issue of global relevance as such projects expand to achieve restoration and climate mitigation goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention needed in forest carbon projects: An analysis of initiatives in Colombia","authors":"Sergio Esteban Lozano-Baez ,&nbsp;Ana Flávia Boeni ,&nbsp;Paula Díaz Valderrama ,&nbsp;Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Afforestation, reforestation, and revegetation (ARR) projects play a crucial role to combat climate change. In Colombia, ARR projects are important to achieve forest restoration and greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Our study presents a comprehensive review of 74 ARR projects in Colombia, examining their spatial distribution, characteristics, and restorative interventions. The projects were identified through a review of carbon registry web pages. Data on project timelines, estimated carbon removal, locations, sizes, natural regions, biomes, species approaches, number of planted species, and types of restorative interventions were extracted from project description documents, validation, monitoring and verification reports. Overall, these projects have treated an area of 314,374 ha, with an estimated removal of 101,553,801 tons of CO2 during the crediting period. The analysis revealed that the Andean, Caribbean, and Orinoco regions had the highest number of ARR projects, while the Pacific and Amazon regions had fewer initiatives. Mixed species plantings were the most common approach, followed by exotic and native species. Afforestation was the most frequent forestry intervention, followed by agroforestry. However, the study also identifies concerning trends, such as the widespread use of invasive species and large number of afforestation projects in naturally non-forest ecosystems. These findings offer critical insights for the governance of ARR projects in Colombia, emphasizing the need to assure quality in carbon sequestration efforts while enhancing ecological and social benefits. Finally, the study supports Colombia’s broader goals of biodiversity restoration and climate resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Mahogany (Khaya anthotheca) negative distance-dependent recruitment in a Ugandan rainforest and implications for restoration","authors":"John Paul Okimat ,&nbsp;Fred Babweteera ,&nbsp;Martin Ehbrecht","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative distance-dependent recruitment of seedlings is supposedly widespread in tropical tree communities. However, data from African rainforests is scarce, and it is still poorly understood how proximity to conspecific adults affects successful transitioning from seedlings to saplings of species of African mahogany that are of conservation concern. Such basic ecological information is of critical importance to enrich logged Afrotropical forests. We studied offspring dispersion relative to 37 isolated parent trees of African mahogany (<em>Khaya anthotheca)</em> in a Ugandan semi-deciduous rainforest to provide information for ecological restoration programs. <em>Khaya</em> recruitment is supposedly positively density-dependent as the abundance of regeneration increases with the density of adult conspecifics. Contrary to this, we found offspring recruitment patterns consistent with the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Mid-sized seedlings were located farther away from the parent tree than small-sized seedlings, while saplings were farther away than mid-sized seedlings. We found a significant positive effect of distance on saplings, suggesting a distance-dependent process drove higher seedling survival farther away. Regardless of the process responsible for seedling mortality, our results show that <em>K.anthotheca</em> recruitment in our study site is negatively distance-dependent, with proximity to reproductive adult trees reducing the survival of seedlings during the transition to saplings. Our results suggest enrichment planting of <em>K.anthotheca</em> seedlings away (&gt; 15 m) from remnant conspecific adult trees may promote greater seedling survival, thereby contributing to the restoration and conservation of this valuable tree species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable timber production in afforestations: Trade-offs and synergies in the provision of multiple ecosystem services in northwest Patagonia","authors":"Mariano Martín Amoroso ,&nbsp;Verónica Chillo ,&nbsp;Andrea Enríquez","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating ecosystem services (ES) in pine plantations involves a comprehensive analysis of the diverse benefits and drawbacks that these managed ecosystems offer. Such assessments typically consider particularly provisioning, regulating, and supporting services, yet they often overlook important concerns such as biodiversity loss, soil carbon balance, and land-use conflicts. Understanding these dynamics in plantations with different density, age and structure is crucial for sustainable forest management. Our objective was to analyze changes in ES trade-offs and synergies by indirectly quantifying several ES in <em>Pinus ponderosa</em> plantations in a xeric grassland environment in northern Patagonia, Argentina. We assessed changes in soil fertility maintenance, erosion prevention, forage production, firewood production, and timber production across plantation stands under a diverse range of silvicultural managements and the surrounding natural habitat. We found a clear trade-off between indicators of provision services, as increasing timber production diminishes forage and firewood production —two vital land uses in the northern region of Andean Patagonia. Interestingly, we did not observe such trade-offs in supporting services or regulating services, as indicators of soil fertility maintenance and erosion prevention remained stable, without significant declines; higher values were found in intermediate plantation densities and basal area conditions. This suggests that their spatial occurrence does not negatively impact soil nutrient dynamics or the potential for erosion prevention. Conversely, low-density, young, and thinned plantations facilitate coexistence with other land uses such as forage and firewood. Therefore, a strategically planned landscape, incorporating plantations of varying ages and management practices, offers the potential for maximizing all three provision services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"574 ","pages":"Article 122345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding wildfire occurrence and size in Jalisco, Mexico: A spatio-temporal analysis","authors":"Camila Toledo-Jaime ,&nbsp;Carlos Díaz-Avalos ,&nbsp;Somnath Chaudhuri ,&nbsp;Laura Serra ,&nbsp;Pablo Juan","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the growing frequency and severity of wildfires, influenced by both human activities and climate change, have posed significant challenges worldwide. Among the regions most affected by wildfires in Mexico is the state of Jalisco, which has the largest accumulated burned area in the last five decades. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the spatio-temporal patterns of wildfire occurrence and size in the state of Jalisco, spanning the period from 2001 to 2020. Our approach included modeling the spatial distribution of the area burned by wildfires, employing Bayesian methodology with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDE). Our findings highlight the critical roles of vegetation, temperature, and human activities in shaping wildfire behavior. Additionally, our model suggests four distinct wildfire-prone regions within the state. The insights gained from this study can serve as a foundation for future research and localized studies, aiding in the development of more targeted and effective wildfire management strategies in Jalisco.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 122349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of forest restoration on multifaceted bird diversity and community assembly in the Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Dexi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruirui Mao ,&nbsp;Mingxin Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Zhou ,&nbsp;Yizhu Wang ,&nbsp;Xingfeng Si ,&nbsp;Changming Zhao ,&nbsp;Lixun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restoring forests is crucial for safeguarding biodiversity and providing ecosystem functions on degraded lands globally. Despite significant restoration efforts over a half-century in the Loess Plateau of China’s prominent dryland region, the impact of restored forests on biodiversity remains less understood. Unlike the abundant studies in the tropics, such understanding is urgently needed for dryland regions given that forest restoration is being scaled up. Here, we assessed the alpha- and beta-diversity of birds from taxonomic and functional dimensions in restored forests, and compared them to that of relatively undisturbed primary forests. We conducted rigorous point-count surveys and acoustic recordings during the avian breeding season in 2021 and 2023. We found that plantations have limited support for bird taxonomic and functional diversity compared to secondary and primary forests. Notably, the biodiversity inference drawn from our acoustic recordings generally supported similar conclusion of bird diversity across studied forest types. Additionally, secondary forests exhibited greater functional richness compared to plantations and contributed complementary functional trait space relative to primary forests. While nestedness dominated functional beta-diversity, spatial turnover dominated the taxonomic beta-diversity between the bird communities of restored forests and primary forests. Importantly, spatial proximity positively influenced the nestedness component of taxonomic beta-diversity, indicating that the distance of plantations to local primary forests (i.e., dispersal limitation) influenced bird community assembly during forest recovery. Overall, our findings provide insights on preserving intact primary forests, delivering biodiversity benefits of forest restoration in dryland regions, and prioritizing restoration locations only when tree planting is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"573 ","pages":"Article 122350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}