Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Evidence for a browse subsidy on linear disturbances in Alberta’s oil sands region","authors":"Spencer C. Quayle,&nbsp;Scott E. Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic lines are linear clearings created for petroleum exploration and are common in the western Canadian boreal forest. By favouring the growth of early seral vegetation, they can increase the abundance and palatability of woody browse, a ‘browse subsidy’ that may attract ungulates like moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) and white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>), the main prey of wolves. Peatlands traditionally served as refugia from wolves for boreal woodland caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus caribou</em>), but such subsidies may facilitate disturbance-mediated apparent competition, whereby predator activity associated with deer and moose raises incidental predation risk to caribou. We tested this ’browse subsidy’ hypothesis by comparing availability and proportional use of palatable winter browse on seismic lines and adjacent undisturbed forest plots across a gradient from upland to peatland forest in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada. Seventeen seismic lines were sampled, each with four paired plots across an ecological gradient from upland to peatland. Each plot pair compared the seismic line with the adjacent undisturbed forest. Seismic lines averaged 5.0 more highly palatable stems per 10 m2 (61.5 % more) than adjacent forest plots, while the proportion of stems browsed by deer and moose was 59.2 % higher on lines and increased with browse stem density. However, even after accounting for increases in browse availability, browse use remained higher on seismic lines relative to the adjacent forest, indicating selection of seismic lines by deer and moose. These results suggest that browse subsidy on seismic lines may contribute to disturbance-mediated apparent competition and declines in caribou, particularly where subsidies occur in or adjacent to peatland caribou refugia. Targeted restoration of high-subsidy lines could reduce deer and moose activity in these areas and thus potentially reduce predation risk for caribou.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of heat tolerance by iron chlorine E6 in “84 K” poplar tissue culture seedlings: A study coupled with metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis","authors":"Haiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiao Xu ,&nbsp;Shaojie Zheng ,&nbsp;Chun Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihui Wei ,&nbsp;Xu Qiao ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhou ,&nbsp;Tingting Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Populus</em> spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally, have growth and survival directly linked to forest ecosystem stability. With global warming intensifying heat stress events, Populus often faces growth inhibition, membrane damage, and metabolic disorders, threatening forest resilience. Iron chloride E6, a novel plant growth regulator, shows potential in enhancing stress resistance. This study aimed to improve thermotolerance of “84 K” poplar tissue cultured seedlings by screening optimal ICE6 concentration and elucidating its mechanism. Phenotypic observation initially screened concentrations from 0.01 to 0.08 μg/mL, with 0.04 μg/mL selected. High temperature stress tests measured physiological indices (chlorophyll, root activity, malondialdehyde, osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymes). Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, along with gene expression profiling, were conducted. Results showed 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 significantly promoted seedling growth. Under stress, it reduced MDA accumulation, slowed relative conductivity increase, and enhanced osmotic and antioxidant capacities. Transcriptomics identified 3789 differentially expressed genes, while metabolomics detected 819 differentially accumulated metabolites. Key genes correlated with dehydroascorbic acid and 2,3-diketo-<span>L</span>-gulonic acid. Mechanistically, 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 maintained membrane integrity, alleviated oxidative damage, boosted antioxidants, and upregulated sugars/proline. Regulation involved hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid related antioxidant metabolism. This study represents the first application of ICE6 in the large-scale propagation system of poplar tissue-cultured plantlets, filling a research gap in the use of novel regulators for stress resistance in forest tree tissue-cultured plantlets. By analyzing key targets mediating heat tolerance via ICE6 at transcriptional and metabolic levels, it provides insights for genetic improvement of poplar stress resistance from these dual perspectives. Furthermore, this work lays a theoretical and technical foundation for directional regulation of stress resistance during industrial production of tissue-cultured plantlets, ultimately contributing to enhancing the resilience of forest ecosystems under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top predators respond to post-fire logging: a trait-based approach","authors":"Quel Vilalta-Clapés ,&nbsp;Roger Puig-Gironès ,&nbsp;Adrià Bellvert ,&nbsp;Carles Tobella ,&nbsp;Pere Pons","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complete wood extraction is a widespread salvage logging practice after wildfire, implemented to obtain economical benefit and to reduce the risk of pest outbreaks. Such intense logging can strongly affect the ecosystem natural succession. In response, new sustainable approaches have been proposed to minimize impacts while still providing economical returns. In this study, we conducted a seven-year experiment to analyse the effects of different intensities of post-fire logging on vegetation structure and ground-level spider communities. We applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to test the effects of treatments and years since fire on vegetation structure, and spider functional traits. The most pronounced differences across logging treatments were observed in vegetation recovery, with sustainable practices promoting intermediate levels of regeneration between no intervention and conventional logging. Intense conventional logging tended to amplify the effects of fire on spider functional traits, whereas more sustainable logging practices facilitated a recovery trajectory more closely aligned with non-intervention. Measures such as the construction of woody piles proved particularly important during the early post-fire years, providing refuges that supported the initial recovery of spider communities. Overall, our findings highlight the effectiveness of sustainable techniques in balancing the economic benefits of logging with the need to minimize environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native bee richness increases with wildfire burn severity in ponderosa pine forests","authors":"Autumn Maust ,&nbsp;Joel Gardner ,&nbsp;Patrick C. Tobin","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity in dry forests across western North America and have direct effects on forest structure and ecosystem services. One important service to monitor is pollination, which promotes plant-pollinator biodiversity and is critical for post-fire vegetative recovery. Because pollination services vary by species and across spatial and temporal scales, understanding the effect of fire on pollinator populations informs conservation management and ecosystem restoration. Due to the known positive effects of fire on bees, including increased floral resources, nesting habitat, and light availability, we hypothesized that pollinator richness would increase with burn severity (measured with the Composite Burn Index) and decrease with burn age. We quantified native bee richness in the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest in Washington, USA at nine forested plots that burned in 2021, 2018, and 2015, or were unburned since 1968. Data were collected in 2021, 2022, and 2023 biweekly from April to August using blue vane and pan traps. Our findings suggest that native bee genus richness was driven by the interaction between burn severity and burn age. Study areas that had recently burned at higher severities had greater bee genus richness. Furthermore, the proportion of above ground nesting bees in landscapes 1–8 years post-fire was greatest at sites that burned with moderate fire severity and had more available nesting habitat. Our findings suggest that mixed-severity fire in ponderosa pine landscapes promotes native bee biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ungulate browsing blocks restoration of coniferous European Sand Belt forests into a broadleaved state","authors":"Jan den Ouden ,&nbsp;Patrick A. Jansen ,&nbsp;Leontien Krul ,&nbsp;Annemieke Visser-Winterink ,&nbsp;Jakob Leidekker","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tree browsing by ungulates may act as a strong biotic filter on forest regeneration. In the western part of the so-called European sand belt, browsing is believed to block restoration of coniferous forests into a broadleaved-dominated state, but this process remains poorly documented. The aim of this study was to better understand the dynamics of tree recruitment in a forest landscape at the European sand belt, using food selection and apparent competition via shared natural enemies as frameworks. We monitored tree regeneration and browsing during 2012–2024 in permanent plots across De Hoge Veluwe National Park (the Netherlands) in transects as well as in exclosures paired with control plots. We found that food selection was not mediated by landscape-level characteristics, but rather by tree species identity. Tree species preferred by ungulates had less height growth when subject to browsing. Exclusion of ungulates led to a substantial increase in height growth of preferred species, while the relative height of avoided species was reduced, indicating apparent competition. Forest regeneration inside exclosures converged to a community of mixed broad-leaved species. These results confirm that browsing in this system indeed hampers the restoration of coniferous forest towards a broadleaved forest. Attempts to diversify these forests and increase resilience to climate change cannot succeed under current ungulate densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of weather cycles on cone harvesting for six coniferous species in Czech forest management","authors":"Václav Šimůnek ,&nbsp;Václav Trojan ,&nbsp;Zdeněk Vacek ,&nbsp;Stanislav Vacek ,&nbsp;Jan Cukor ,&nbsp;Michal Bledý ,&nbsp;Vilém Podrázský ,&nbsp;Jan Stejskal ,&nbsp;Vojtěch Hájek ,&nbsp;Josef Gallo ,&nbsp;Pavel Brabec ,&nbsp;Lenka Lehnerová ,&nbsp;Alžběta Pařízková","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest tree fructification cycles play a key role in planning the production of planting material and artificial regeneration of forests, especially in the context of changing climatic conditions. Cone harvest data reflects underlying reproductive cycles, but volumes are also influenced by seed demand and forest management decisions. Nevertheless, cone harvest remains a valuable proxy in forestry, as it reflects the availability of reproductive material essential for regeneration planning and nursery production. This comprehensive study analyzes the influence of temperature, precipitation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the cone collection of seed material for four native Central European (Norway spruce, Scots pine, silver fir, European larch) and two introduced (Douglas-fir and grand fir) coniferous species. The quantity of cones harvested in the entire territory of the Czech Republic in 2004–2022 ranged from 78.7 to 396.9 t·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹. The most intensively harvested tree species in the Czech Republic, Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> [L.] Karst.), shows the most pronounced 2 and 3-year cycles, with a complementary 7-year cycle, with precipitation in April and October and lower temperatures playing a crucial role. Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) dominates by 2.5 and 3.5-year cycles, influenced by precipitation in August and September and lower temperatures in September. Silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) shows 2.3-year cycles aligned with June precipitation, while European larch (<em>Larix decidua</em> Mill.) is influenced by the NAO, typically in 2-year cycles. Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> [Mirbel] Franco) exhibits 2.2-year cycles linked to July precipitation and NAO in June, while grand fir (<em>Abies grandis</em> [Douglas ex D. Don] Lindley) exhibits 2.5-year cycles matching July precipitation. Of the forest tree species analyzed, Scots pine showed the highest correlation with the factors studied, while European larch had the lowest. The results show that tree seed crop cycles are strongly influenced by climatic fluctuations, which is essential for effective forest management. However, the 19-year dataset limits confidence in detecting longer-term cycles. Higher harvest volumes in species like Douglas-fir, grand fir and European larch are additionally affected by increased collection efforts. Understanding tree fructification cycles is crucial for planning, as climatic variations significantly affect reproductive success and the availability of planting material. Monthly variations in weather patterns notably affect the cone harvesting cycles of forest tree species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) exacerbates microbial phosphorus limitation in subtropical forests","authors":"Yu Su ,&nbsp;Wanying Chen ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Meng ,&nbsp;Jintuo Zou ,&nbsp;Yanqiong Li ,&nbsp;Andi Li ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion of moso bamboo (<em>Phyllostachys edulis</em>) is becoming increasingly common in subtropical forests, where low soil phosphorus (P) availability often constrains ecosystem productivity. Yet, it remains unclear how this expansion alters soil P availability and microbial metabolic P limitations. Here, we selected an expansion gradient in a natural forest region in southern China, consisting of a broadleaved forest (no expansion), a broadleaf–bamboo mixed forest (moderate expansion), and a pure moso bamboo forest (complete expansion). We measured soil P availability, physicochemical properties, extracellular enzyme activities, and plant stoichiometry. We found that compared to broadleaved trees, moso bamboo maintained comparable P levels in leaves and twigs but exhibited significantly lower P concentrations in roots and reduced available P in the rhizosphere. This indicates that moso bamboo possesses a highly efficient strategy for P uptake and internal translocation to support rapid growth. Importantly, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in rhizosphere soil revealed that microbial P limitation in the rhizosphere intensified with the degree of expansion. These results indicate that the superior P acquisition strategy of bamboo depletes rhizosphere P, thereby exacerbating P limitation for soil microbes and potentially creating a competitive disadvantage for neighboring broadleaved species. Our study suggests that moso bamboo not only competes for P but also exacerbates microbial P starvation by altering the soil environment, potentially triggering cascading effects on key ecosystem processes such as nutrient supply and organic matter decomposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildfire effects on structure in treated and untreated areas of a mixed conifer forest, Colorado, USA","authors":"David W. Huffman ,&nbsp;Michael T. Stoddard ,&nbsp;Kyle C. Rodman ,&nbsp;Julie.E. Korb","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical thinning and prescribed burning are widely used in restoration of fire-excluded forests in the western United States. Increasingly, naturally ignited wildfires are also employed in restoration treatment strategies. Few studies have directly compared how combinations of these treatments influence forest structure and achievement of restoration objectives. Here, we capitalized on an unplanned wildfire that burned over a long-term forest restoration experiment in a mixed conifer forest in southwestern Colorado, USA. We surveyed untreated and restoration treatment units in 2003 (PRE; prior to restoration treatment implementation), 2018 (POST₁₀; 10 years after treatment implementation), and 2024 (POST_WF; one year after the Trail Springs Fire). Overall, burn severity (composite burn index) was low to moderate and lower in untreated units, likely due to lower shrub cover and ladder fuels, compared with restoration units. Field-measured tree survival was unrelated to treatment type, and tree density in untreated units was not significantly reduced by the wildfire. Restoration treatments led to a persistent increase in shrub cover. Conifer seedling occurrence POST₁₀ and POST_WF was significantly higher in untreated units than restoration units. Large snag densities were variable over time. Coarse wood loading was lowest in POST_WF for both untreated and restoration units. Our results showed that the low- to moderate-severity Trail Springs Fire was incrementally effective for altering forest structure and meeting restoration objectives in previously untreated areas of this mixed conifer forest while additional tree density reductions, dense understory shrubs, and low conifer regeneration in restoraiton units may present challenges for land managers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Decline in regeneration capacity in mature forests across Great Britain” [For. Ecol. Manag. 603 (2026) 123468]","authors":"Bruno Barcante Ladvocat Cintra ,&nbsp;Rodrigo S. Bergamin ,&nbsp;Rachel Mailes ,&nbsp;Roel Brienen ,&nbsp;Estrella Luna ,&nbsp;Angus Rob MacKenzie ,&nbsp;Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of old pine plantations in ants' conservation in the Mediterranean: a comparison with well-conserved forests","authors":"Estrella Conde-Raposo ,&nbsp;Francisco M. Azcárate ,&nbsp;Jesús López-Angulo ,&nbsp;F. Javier Jiménez-López ,&nbsp;David S. Pescador ,&nbsp;Victoria Calvo-Donate ,&nbsp;Manuel Rojo-Valencia ,&nbsp;Nínive Navas-Golmar ,&nbsp;Adrián Escudero ,&nbsp;Ana I. García-Cervigón","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restoring forests is a global priority action for reverting biodiversity loss and sustaining essential ecosystem services. Among the most widespread strategies, tree planting dominates efforts worldwide, but its capacity to recover biodiversity and ecosystem processes remains uncertain. In this context, ants are increasingly recognized as key indicators of ecological conditions due to their sensitivity to environmental change and their role in multiple ecosystem functions. In this study, we evaluated the ecological value of pine plantations by examining ant biodiversity and community composition in comparison with mature well-conserved reference forests in Mediterranean ecosystems. We specifically assessed how forest structure, soil properties, management practices and vegetation composition influence ant communities. Our results showed that mature forests host more forest-associated ant species, while plantations are dominated by widespread generalists. Structural heterogeneity and forest management favored forest species but reduced overall richness, abundance and Simpson diversity. In plantations, taller trees and older stands were associated with fewer widespread species, suggesting changes in the dominance structure of ant assemblages. Ant community composition was influenced by forest type, vegetation composition, and tree height. These findings indicate that pine plantations form different ant assemblages that do not fully replicate those of mature forests, even after a century. We highlight the importance of conserving existing native forests and the need to incorporate faunal metrics into success restoration assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}