Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Australia’s forest-dwelling vascular plant and vertebrate species, their threats, and change over time: Indicators for continental-scale biodiversity assessment","authors":"Annisa Satyanti,&nbsp;Steve M. Read","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of forest biodiversity, including species, genetic diversity and threats, is critical for adaptive forest management and monitoring, and supports national and international reporting responsibilities for sustainable forest management. This paper presents a new approach to reporting Australia’s forest-dwelling species using nationally curated data, including records from the Atlas of Living Australia, the forest coverage from the National Forest Inventory, and the Species Profile and Threats Database.</div><div>This process identified 1788 forest-dwelling vertebrate fauna species and 13,788 forest-dwelling vascular flora species in Australia. The families Fabaceae and Myrtaceae contribute the most species to forest vegetation, while reptiles and birds are the most species-rich groups of vertebrates in forests.</div><div>This process also identified 244 forest-dwelling vertebrate fauna taxa and 983 forest-dwelling vascular flora taxa that were nationally listed as threatened under Australia’s <em>Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act</em> (EPBC Act) as at December 2021 (listing assessment under the EPBC Act is consistent with IUCN Red List Criteria). The most prevalent threat categories were land-use change and/or forest loss, unsuitable fire regimes, and predation and competition from introduced species. Forestry operations is the least prevalent category. Small and fragmented populations were the most prevalent genetic-related threats. The pattern of threat categories varies across broad taxonomic groups: for threatened forest-dwelling amphibians the most prevalent threat categories were disease and/or pathogens, and small or localised populations, whereas for forest-dwelling mammals and birds they were land-use change and/or forest loss, and unsuitable fire regimes. Threat categories for climatic effects, and for disease and/or pathogens, were more prevalent across taxa listed between 2016 and 2021, compared to taxa listed prior to that date.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australia’s forest-dwelling vascular plant and vertebrate species, their threats, and change over time: Indicators for continental-scale biodiversity assessment","authors":"Annisa Satyanti,&nbsp;Steve M. Read","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of forest biodiversity, including species, genetic diversity and threats, is critical for adaptive forest management and monitoring, and supports national and international reporting responsibilities for sustainable forest management. This paper presents a new approach to reporting Australia’s forest-dwelling species using nationally curated data, including records from the Atlas of Living Australia, the forest coverage from the National Forest Inventory, and the Species Profile and Threats Database.</div><div>This process identified 1788 forest-dwelling vertebrate fauna species and 13,788 forest-dwelling vascular flora species in Australia. The families Fabaceae and Myrtaceae contribute the most species to forest vegetation, while reptiles and birds are the most species-rich groups of vertebrates in forests.</div><div>This process also identified 244 forest-dwelling vertebrate fauna taxa and 983 forest-dwelling vascular flora taxa that were nationally listed as threatened under Australia’s <em>Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act</em> (EPBC Act) as at December 2021 (listing assessment under the EPBC Act is consistent with IUCN Red List Criteria). The most prevalent threat categories were land-use change and/or forest loss, unsuitable fire regimes, and predation and competition from introduced species. Forestry operations is the least prevalent category. Small and fragmented populations were the most prevalent genetic-related threats. The pattern of threat categories varies across broad taxonomic groups: for threatened forest-dwelling amphibians the most prevalent threat categories were disease and/or pathogens, and small or localised populations, whereas for forest-dwelling mammals and birds they were land-use change and/or forest loss, and unsuitable fire regimes. Threat categories for climatic effects, and for disease and/or pathogens, were more prevalent across taxa listed between 2016 and 2021, compared to taxa listed prior to that date.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Close-to-nature management enhances functional traits in Masson pine plantations by regulating stand states","authors":"Yunliang Ni,&nbsp;Jingjing Chen,&nbsp;Zongzheng Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Close-to-nature management (CTNM) is a silvicultural paradigm that seeks to emulate natural forest developmental trajectories in plantation systems. Although increasingly applied to subtropical conifer plantations such as <em>Pinus massoniana</em>, the extent to which CTNM alters the coupling between stand states and community-level functional traits remains poorly resolved. This study evaluated CTNM effects in <em>P. massoniana</em> plantations on the Qianzhong Plateau (Guizhou, southwestern China). Paired managed and control plots were surveyed twelve years after intervention across young, middle-aged, and near-mature stands. Nine stand indicators and nine community-level functional traits were quantified. CTNM significantly increased stand dominance (the proportion of dominant canopy tree count to the total tree count in a forest), tree health, and tree species diversity, particularly in middle-aged and near-mature forests, while young stands showed limited responses, reflecting lagged structural adjustment. Functional traits also shifted in a stage-specific manner: older stands exhibited higher leaf biomass and foliar nitrogen content, consistent with enhanced nutrient retention and foliar productivity, whereas young stands showed few consistent changes. Multivariate analyses indicated stronger coupling between stand indicators and functional traits under CTNM, though the key structural drivers varied with stand age. In young stands, tree health and species evenness were associated with higher leaf nitrogen content and leaf thickness. In middle-aged stands, species composition and evenness were linked to greater specific leaf area and leaf biomass. In near-mature stands, species diversity was associated with leaf dry matter content and phosphorus concentration. These findings demonstrate that CTNM strengthens the alignment between structure and functional traits, supporting the long-term ecological sustainability of subtropical <em>P. massoniana</em> plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Close-to-nature management enhances functional traits in Masson pine plantations by regulating stand states","authors":"Yunliang Ni,&nbsp;Jingjing Chen,&nbsp;Zongzheng Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Close-to-nature management (CTNM) is a silvicultural paradigm that seeks to emulate natural forest developmental trajectories in plantation systems. Although increasingly applied to subtropical conifer plantations such as <em>Pinus massoniana</em>, the extent to which CTNM alters the coupling between stand states and community-level functional traits remains poorly resolved. This study evaluated CTNM effects in <em>P. massoniana</em> plantations on the Qianzhong Plateau (Guizhou, southwestern China). Paired managed and control plots were surveyed twelve years after intervention across young, middle-aged, and near-mature stands. Nine stand indicators and nine community-level functional traits were quantified. CTNM significantly increased stand dominance (the proportion of dominant canopy tree count to the total tree count in a forest), tree health, and tree species diversity, particularly in middle-aged and near-mature forests, while young stands showed limited responses, reflecting lagged structural adjustment. Functional traits also shifted in a stage-specific manner: older stands exhibited higher leaf biomass and foliar nitrogen content, consistent with enhanced nutrient retention and foliar productivity, whereas young stands showed few consistent changes. Multivariate analyses indicated stronger coupling between stand indicators and functional traits under CTNM, though the key structural drivers varied with stand age. In young stands, tree health and species evenness were associated with higher leaf nitrogen content and leaf thickness. In middle-aged stands, species composition and evenness were linked to greater specific leaf area and leaf biomass. In near-mature stands, species diversity was associated with leaf dry matter content and phosphorus concentration. These findings demonstrate that CTNM strengthens the alignment between structure and functional traits, supporting the long-term ecological sustainability of subtropical <em>P. massoniana</em> plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of conspecific density dependence on tree seedling recruitment and diversity in a temperate natural forest","authors":"Longbin Chen ,&nbsp;Minhui Hao ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Xinna Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaijiang He ,&nbsp;Xiuhai Zhao ,&nbsp;Klaus von Gadow ,&nbsp;Chunyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local conspecific competition is known to reduce plant performance and promote stable community diversity; however, the complex interactions between species and their environment, which can either amplify or mitigate this effect, remain poorly understood. Here, we present a decade-long demographic study tracking 15,852 seedlings from 14 tree species within 92 ha of permanent forest plots in northeastern China. Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to analyze the effects of neighborhood competition, neighborhood character (i.e., resources availability, and neighborhood functional variation) and their interactive effect on seedling recruitment and community diversity. We found that conspecific density dependence (CDD) reduced species recruitment but increased community diversity. The magnitude of CDD was significantly associated with interspecific variation in reproductive traits (i.e., seed mass and dispersal distance) and aboveground resource-use traits (i.e., leaf C:N ratio and specific leaf area), but not with belowground traits (i.e., specific root length and root C:N ratio). Importantly, greater shade tolerance dissimilarity (STD) between seedlings and neighbors directly enhanced recruitment and weakened negative CDD, while also amplifying the positive effect of CDD on community diversity, particularly under strong conspecific competition, high dissimilarity increased the inverse Simpson index by a median of 2.24 % (95 % CI: 0.68 %–3.85 %). Furthermore, while resource availability and competition acted independently on recruitment, increased light availability strengthened the positive relationship between CDD and community diversity, with the diversity gain from strong competition being more than double in high-light versus low-light environments. Our results underscore the critical role of maintaining trait diversity, alongside managing light availability, to enhance forest resilience and inform adaptive management under changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of conspecific density dependence on tree seedling recruitment and diversity in a temperate natural forest","authors":"Longbin Chen ,&nbsp;Minhui Hao ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Xinna Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaijiang He ,&nbsp;Xiuhai Zhao ,&nbsp;Klaus von Gadow ,&nbsp;Chunyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local conspecific competition is known to reduce plant performance and promote stable community diversity; however, the complex interactions between species and their environment, which can either amplify or mitigate this effect, remain poorly understood. Here, we present a decade-long demographic study tracking 15,852 seedlings from 14 tree species within 92 ha of permanent forest plots in northeastern China. Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to analyze the effects of neighborhood competition, neighborhood character (i.e., resources availability, and neighborhood functional variation) and their interactive effect on seedling recruitment and community diversity. We found that conspecific density dependence (CDD) reduced species recruitment but increased community diversity. The magnitude of CDD was significantly associated with interspecific variation in reproductive traits (i.e., seed mass and dispersal distance) and aboveground resource-use traits (i.e., leaf C:N ratio and specific leaf area), but not with belowground traits (i.e., specific root length and root C:N ratio). Importantly, greater shade tolerance dissimilarity (STD) between seedlings and neighbors directly enhanced recruitment and weakened negative CDD, while also amplifying the positive effect of CDD on community diversity, particularly under strong conspecific competition, high dissimilarity increased the inverse Simpson index by a median of 2.24 % (95 % CI: 0.68 %–3.85 %). Furthermore, while resource availability and competition acted independently on recruitment, increased light availability strengthened the positive relationship between CDD and community diversity, with the diversity gain from strong competition being more than double in high-light versus low-light environments. Our results underscore the critical role of maintaining trait diversity, alongside managing light availability, to enhance forest resilience and inform adaptive management under changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving up north: How do translocated seedlings perform in mixed-species plantings at the boreal-temperate interface?","authors":"Patricia Raymond ,&nbsp;Emilie Champagne ,&nbsp;Daniel Dumais ,&nbsp;Christel C. Kern ,&nbsp;Catherine Périé ,&nbsp;Alison D. Munson ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Tremblay ,&nbsp;Alejandro A. Royo","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is forcing us to find innovative solutions to help managed forests cope with rapidly shifting environmental conditions. One of these tools is assisted forest migration, the deliberate movement of individuals or genetic material from native sources (i.e. provenance) to locations within or beyond their current ranges. This study aims to assess the climate analogue concept as seed sourcing method in an assisted migration field trial. We evaluated the five-year survival and growth of nine species in mixedwood plantings established in 2018 in Quebec, Canada. The factorial experimental design comprised cutting treatments (1.2 ha patch clearcut vs. 40 % uniform shelterwood), cervid exclusion (excluded vs. non-excluded) and competing vegetation (brushcut vs. control) treatments. Seedlings were grown from seeds of locations associated to three climate analogues: current climate, projected climate for mid-century (2041–2070) and end-of-century (2071–2100). Five-year survival averaged 84 %, ranging from 69 % for <em>Carya ovata</em> to 90 % for <em>Quercus rubra</em>. End-of-century analogue performed less well than others for relocations &gt; 500 km. All species grew larger in patch clearcut than in shelterwood, especially <em>Pinus, Picea</em> and <em>Thuja</em> spp. (3–4× diameters, 2–3× heights). To a lesser extent, brushing slightly improved diameter growth of <em>Carya ovata</em>, <em>Quercus rubra</em> and <em>Thuja occidentalis</em>, but only in patch clearcuts for <em>Prunus serotina</em>, <em>Pinus</em> and <em>Picea</em> spp. Impact of cervid was minimal likely due to snowpack protection. We observed limited effects of climatic mismatch on translocated seedlings, which supports the climate analogue approach as seed sourcing method. Longer-term monitoring will be required to confirm trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global mangrove natural regeneration potential assessment for identifying carbon potentials of natural regeneration and plantation","authors":"Guohao Li,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhuo,&nbsp;Yifei Ma,&nbsp;Xinyu Qi,&nbsp;Xue-yi You","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove restoration currently relies on plantation strategies, ignoring natural regeneration, which is more efficient, less costly, less demanding and has great potential, due to the lack of understanding of the locations where natural regeneration can occur. Therefore, this study detects the distribution of 532,140 natural regeneration patches, collects 60 factors (climatic, topographic, soil, oceanographic, biological and anthropogenic features) that play a role in the emergence of mangrove natural regeneration outcomes in social-ecological systems, and uses them to construct a random forest machine learning model (AUC = 97.67 %; TSS = 95.34 %) to present a global map of mangrove natural regeneration potential at a resolution of 1 km. This study estimates that there are currently 446,089 pixels (Model range = 434,638–454,829 pixels) with an area of 1 km² that have mangrove natural regeneration potential. The site-level assessment results show that Indonesia, Australia, Brazil, Mexico and Papua New Guinea are the five countries with the largest number of areas possessing natural regeneration potential. In terms of mangrove restoration potential, 73,969 km² of potential restoration area can be realized through natural regeneration, which means that the carbon potential of 4.394 GtC (including biomass and soil organic carbon), which is higher than the 3.603 GtC carbon potential that can only be realized through plantation restoration. For mangrove restoration via natural regeneration, the locations with the greatest potential are the Amazonia ecoregion (the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) ecoregion), the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic (the MEOW province), Indonesia (the country), and tidal systems (the coastal environmental setting). Spatial quantification of mangrove natural potential is the key basic data for implementing mangrove natural regeneration strategies and provides important guidance for global mangrove restoration planning and policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of revegetation method (seedling outplanting versus direct seeding) on holm oak root architecture: Implications for restoration success under a global change scenario","authors":"Raquel Juan-Ovejero ,&nbsp;Jorge Castro ,&nbsp;Francisco B. Navarro ,&nbsp;E. Rodríguez-Caballero ,&nbsp;M.P. Reyes-Martín ,&nbsp;Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ,&nbsp;M.N. Jiménez ,&nbsp;Alexandro B. Leverkus","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oaks develop robust taproots that enable them to access water from deeper soil layers and thrive in drought-prone environments. Understanding how different revegetation methods influence oak root development is therefore crucial for improving restoration strategies. In a common garden experiment, we compared the root systems of holm oaks (<em>Quercus ilex</em> L.) established through two revegetation methods: seedling outplanting after nursery cultivation and direct acorn seeding. After five growing seasons, we excavated holm oak root systems to a depth of 50–60 cm using a bulldozer and scanned them with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Two TLS-derived metrics described the apical dominance gradient of the taproot (index of principal axis dominance and path fraction), while another assessed root ramification (total number of forks per meter). Manual measurements were also taken for taproot diameter, branching root diameters, root branching density, and root:shoot ratio. Moreover, we assessed the resprouting capacity of seeded and planted oaks harvested two years earlier in the same common garden. Multivariate analyses and generalized linear models revealed significant differences between outplanting and direct seeding in root characteristics. Seeded individuals showed greater apical dominance and a higher root:shoot ratio, whereas outplanted ones developed more root ramifications and root branching density, with thicker taproot and branching roots, and a higher ratio of the mean branching root diameter to the taproot diameter. Furthermore, plants from the seeding treatment exhibited a slight but significantly higher resprouting capacity than those from the outplanting treatment. These results indicate that direct seeding promotes a more natural root structure, with stronger taproots and better resprouting capacity than outplanting. Our findings suggest that direct seeding may provide a more nature-based solution than outplanting for forest restoration by emulating natural regeneration. In the mid-term, the root development shown by direct acorn seeding may enhance the ability of holm oaks to withstand disturbances such as droughts in the Mediterranean Region under global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global mangrove natural regeneration potential assessment for identifying carbon potentials of natural regeneration and plantation","authors":"Guohao Li,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhuo,&nbsp;Yifei Ma,&nbsp;Xinyu Qi,&nbsp;Xue-yi You","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove restoration currently relies on plantation strategies, ignoring natural regeneration, which is more efficient, less costly, less demanding and has great potential, due to the lack of understanding of the locations where natural regeneration can occur. Therefore, this study detects the distribution of 532,140 natural regeneration patches, collects 60 factors (climatic, topographic, soil, oceanographic, biological and anthropogenic features) that play a role in the emergence of mangrove natural regeneration outcomes in social-ecological systems, and uses them to construct a random forest machine learning model (AUC = 97.67 %; TSS = 95.34 %) to present a global map of mangrove natural regeneration potential at a resolution of 1 km. This study estimates that there are currently 446,089 pixels (Model range = 434,638–454,829 pixels) with an area of 1 km² that have mangrove natural regeneration potential. The site-level assessment results show that Indonesia, Australia, Brazil, Mexico and Papua New Guinea are the five countries with the largest number of areas possessing natural regeneration potential. In terms of mangrove restoration potential, 73,969 km² of potential restoration area can be realized through natural regeneration, which means that the carbon potential of 4.394 GtC (including biomass and soil organic carbon), which is higher than the 3.603 GtC carbon potential that can only be realized through plantation restoration. For mangrove restoration via natural regeneration, the locations with the greatest potential are the Amazonia ecoregion (the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) ecoregion), the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic (the MEOW province), Indonesia (the country), and tidal systems (the coastal environmental setting). Spatial quantification of mangrove natural potential is the key basic data for implementing mangrove natural regeneration strategies and provides important guidance for global mangrove restoration planning and policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"598 ","pages":"Article 123195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}