Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Post-disturbance treatment effects on microclimate and vegetation recovery on Norway spruce calamity areas from in situ and UAV-based monitoring","authors":"Birgitta Putzenlechner ,&nbsp;Simon Grieger ,&nbsp;Christian Czech ,&nbsp;Philipp Koal","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microclimate is crucial for forest regeneration, yet its variation under different post-disturbance management strategies remains insufficiently quantified. We investigated microclimate and vegetation recovery over three years, following drought and bark-beetle-related die-back of Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) in a disturbance hotspot in Central Europe. Using microclimatic and UAV-based monitoring, we evaluated four post-disturbance treatment variants: standing deadwood, high stumps, clearing and mulching. Vegetation cover increased from ∼30 % up to ∼70 % in plots of standing deadwood and mulch. Substantial microclimatic differences emerged among treatments. During the growing season, diurnal amplitudes were largest in cleared and mulched plots (∼23 K), while standing deadwood maintained significantly lower maximum temperatures (∼3 K cooler during heat events) and narrower amplitudes (∼19 K), indicating superior thermal buffering. Frost events were over three times more frequent in open areas than in vital stands and moderate in standing deadwood. Temperature patterns in high stumps (dead trees cut at 2 m height) were similar to cleared and mulched plots, though stem-associated microhabitats require further investigation. Soil moisture was highest in standing deadwood, even exceeding levels of vital stands, and slightly increased with mulching. An increasing wetting trend in the high stump plot could be associated with vegetation development. UAV imagery corroborated in-situ data and revealed considerable spatial heterogeneity in surface temperatures across treatments and surface cover types. These findings underscore the role of structural legacies in buffering microclimatic extremes and supporting regeneration. As heat and drought events intensify, microclimate-sensitive management offers a promising strategy for fostering climate-resilient forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of invasive honeysuckle removal on forest-breeding birds in western Central Hardwoods forests","authors":"Katrina M. Fernald ,&nbsp;Miranda T. Curzon ,&nbsp;Tyler M. Harms","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amur honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera maackii</em>), a non-native, invasive shrub, has established in woodlands across the eastern United States, altering understory dynamics and forest structure. Land managers have recently employed aerial treatment with glyphosate to remove honeysuckle, a technique that can be used to treat large areas at low cost with high effectiveness. Prior research has produced conflicting results on how invasive honeysuckle impacts forest birds, with most concluding that the effects depend on the foraging or nesting guild of the species. This study quantified the response of forest vegetation and the breeding bird community 4–5 years after the rapid removal of honeysuckle using aerial glyphosate treatments.</div><div>We sampled vegetation and the breeding bird community at 65 randomly distributed sampling points across three properties, totaling 216 ha in Central Hardwoods oak-hickory forest in Iowa, USA.</div><div>Unsprayed stands contained significantly more live honeysuckle (26,765 stems/ha) than sprayed stands (7714 stems/ha, F = 9.39, p = 0.003) and averaged 7.7 % less cover of understory plants (F = 5.62, p = 0.021). Density of ground-nesting and aerial-foraging birds was greater in unsprayed stands than in sprayed stands. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) results suggested that densities of the shrub-foraging group, tree-foraging group, Indigo Bunting (<em>Passerina cyanea</em>), and Red-eyed Vireo (<em>Vireo olivaceus</em>) were all more closely associated with sprayed conditions.</div><div>Overall, these results suggest that while honeysuckle removal is clearly beneficial to the native plant community, it may decrease the abundance of some understory-associated bird species, at least in the short term. Therefore, we recommend pairing honeysuckle removal with native shrub restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive feedbacks among biotic and abiotic stressors mediate whitebark pine decline","authors":"Sara J. Germain ,&nbsp;Matthew F. Bekker ,&nbsp;Savannah A. Collins-Key ,&nbsp;Georg von Arx","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interactions between biotic and abiotic stressors reduce forest health, particularly in high-elevation forests. Because trees are expected to resist biotic and abiotic stressors in unique ways, it remains unknown how specific processes, such as growth and defense, relate to tree survival in a compound disturbance environment. Comparing trees that either died or survived mountain pine beetle (MPB) provides a natural experiment to test how multiple stressors jointly mediate susceptibility to MPB. We cored whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to measure growth, resin ducts, and xylem anatomy using standard quantitative wood anatomy techniques. Overall, anatomical measurements increased model accuracy by 7.1 % compared to ring widths alone. We found growth-defense tradeoffs for all trees; for resistant trees, however, resin duct density varied negatively with the pore space fraction (lumen) of tree rings – not the structural carbon fraction (tracheid walls). Despite showing less structural carbon and total growth at the time of the outbreak, susceptible trees displayed anatomical resistance in their early lives. Over time, susceptible trees had less positive growth responses during years of high snowpack, and more negative responses of lumen area and theoretical hydraulic conductivity during years of high temperatures and drought. Susceptible tree decline was catalyzed during the decade 1940, which coincides with first reports of the invasive white pine blister rust (WPBR) in the region. Together, our findings provide support that differential responses of whitebark to temperature and drought contributed to reduced structural carbon storage that, likely exacerbated by WPBR, predisposed trees to MPB mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consideration of Abies cilicica for central European reforestation","authors":"Ulf Büntgen ,&nbsp;Alper Kaan Kadioglu ,&nbsp;Kasia Charcinska ,&nbsp;Edurne Martinez del Castillo ,&nbsp;Alexis Arizpe ,&nbsp;Tatiana Bebchuk ,&nbsp;Jan Esper ,&nbsp;Mirek Trnka ,&nbsp;Clive Oppenheimer ,&nbsp;Nesibe Köse ,&nbsp;Ünal Akkemik ,&nbsp;Hüseyin Tuncay Güner","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sequence of central European summer droughts since 2018 has intensified the quest for suitable reforestation species. The fact that newly planted trees will experience a warmer, drier and likely also more variable climate, however, challenge the forest sector. Here, we explore the drought resistance and resilience of Taurus fir (<em>Abies cilicica</em> (Ant. &amp; Kotschy) Carr.), and discuss its potential for ecosystem service, timber production and carbon storage under future climate change. We measured earlywood and latewood widths of 109 Taurus firs from two neighbouring sites in southern Türkiye. Average summer temperatures at the species’ biogeographic heartland are comparable to those of the exceptional central European heatwave in 2018, while precipitation at our sites is still much lower. Mean tree age is 89 years, and the average growth rate of 1.5 mm is dominated by 75 % earlywood. The various tree-ring chronologies correlate significantly with May to July precipitation (<em>r</em> &gt; 0.7; 1960–2022), and their tailed positive distributions are indicative of arid baseline conditions. We suggest <em>Abies cilicica</em> as a potential candidate for mixed-species reforestation on appropriate soils in central Europe. Acknowledging the long-term consequences of silvicultural decisions, stronger collaborations between stakeholders and researchers are needed to prepare the forestry sector for direct and indirect effects of anticipated climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality and growth rates in two populations of ancient oaks over a century","authors":"Per Milberg ,&nbsp;Kurt Christensen ,&nbsp;Markus Franzén ,&nbsp;Victor Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the long-term performance of large trees is crucial for predicting forest responses to environmental change. We compared oak growth and mortality in two Scandinavian parks over two consecutive 50-year periods spanning nearly a century, with different temperatures and rainfall patterns. Tree diameter at breast height was measured, and survival status was recorded at three points in time. In Dyrehaven, a deer park with scattered and grouped trees, 641 oaks were followed, and annual mortality was 0.386 % per year (CI 0.333; 0.440). In Djurgården, a former deer park now partly covered by forest, 59 oaks were followed, and the annual mortality rate was 0.992 % (0.712; 1.374). Since 1930, growing seasons have lengthened by 9 days in Stockholm (Djurgården) and 15 days at Falsterbo (proxy for Dyrehaven), while precipitation variability has increased only in the latter. Mortality did not differ between time periods. Despite a longer growing period, annual basal area growth was greater in the first period than in the second. Our results show that despite mortality and slower individual growth rates over time, the standing biomass of large oaks in open parkland can continue to rise, underlining their importance as long-term carbon stores. Ensuring the long-term availability of large oaks in these parks will require increased recruitment efforts, forward-looking management, and adaptive conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil amendments alter understory vegetation composition and functional diversity in poorly regenerated logging sites in Quebec, Canada","authors":"Hiba Merzouki ,&nbsp;Vincent Poirier ,&nbsp;Alison Munson ,&nbsp;Annie DesRochers","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil amendments are increasingly used in boreal forest plantations to enhance seedling growth, but their effects on other compartments such as understory vegetation remain poorly understood. This study evaluates the impact of amendments [biochar (2.6 Mg ha⁻¹), wood ash (7 Mg ha⁻¹), and manure (105 Mg ha⁻¹)], applied alone or in combination, on understory vegetation after two growing seasons. We measured diversity indices and evaluated understory vegetation community composition. The effects of amendments on plant functional traits were assessed at the species level. We also examined functional diversity and calculated the community-weighted mean to assess the impact of amendments on the functional composition of the plant community. Our results highlight that manure significantly increased Shannon index of diversity from 1.87 to 2.13, with more grasses and non-native legumes with an acquisitive strategy and competitive ability. Functional diversity was the highest for manure treatments (=19.90) and the lowest for treatments without manure (=16.80). In contrast, biochar and wood ash did not significantly alter plant diversity. Community composition was similar between the biochar and control treatments, while wood ash amendment, despite overlapping in plant composition with biochar, resulted in additional species. Biochar and wood ash treatments contained more ruderal and forest herbs and woody species typical of forest disturbances, with wood ash significantly increasing leaf nitrogen concentration by 9 % compared to treatments without wood ash. Together, these findings suggest that soil amendments alter diversity of understory vegetation and act as functional filters on plant communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers and spatial modelling of soil organic carbon in Argentinian subtropical forests: Path towards sustainable management and climate mitigation","authors":"Silvina M. Manrique ,&nbsp;Juan Gaitán ,&nbsp;Ezequiel Balducci ,&nbsp;Flavio Speranza ,&nbsp;Cecilia Blundo ,&nbsp;Ignacio Gasparri ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Zavala ,&nbsp;Pablo L. Peri","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests (TSMF) can constitute important carbon stocks essential for nature-based solutions (NBS) that contribute not only to global warming mitigation efforts but also to multiple human well-being objectives and biodiversity benefits. However, the carbon stock potential of forest soils has not yet been sufficiently studied and valued, although at least a quarter of the world's soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks have already been lost. The objectives of this work were: 1) to quantify the SOC stock in the existing TSMF in northwestern Argentina (called Yungas ecoregion); 2) to explore and identify the main drivers defining the SOC stock: 3) to model and map the SOC stock in the ecoregion. Subtropical rainforest soils in Argentina store about 298,090 Gg of SOC for an area of 35,409 km². Converting forested areas to agriculture can reduce the SOC by up to 60 %. This reserve could be increased through active carbon sequestration mechanisms. Stand density, sand content and elevation are the main drivers of SOC in the ecoregion. Understanding how these factors influence the distribution of SOC can help assist to design more sustainable land-use practices, with the aim of promoting and preserving its SOC storage. The generated information and spatial models thus constitute a scientific basis for mitigation policies, where NBS could be fundamental implementation strategies with multiple co-benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy-based models correctly classify Abies alba seed origin and predict germination properties","authors":"Jeanne Poughon ,&nbsp;Camille Lepoittevin ,&nbsp;Eduardo Vicente ,&nbsp;Marion Carme ,&nbsp;Georgeta Mihai ,&nbsp;Francisco Lario Leza ,&nbsp;Andrea Piotti ,&nbsp;Camilla Avanzi ,&nbsp;Maurizio Marchi ,&nbsp;Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin ,&nbsp;Caroline Scotti-Saintaigne ,&nbsp;Bruno Fady ,&nbsp;Caroline Teyssier ,&nbsp;Marta Benito Garzón","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forestry industry requires high-quantity and quality seeds for afforestation and assisted migration programs. Finding reliable non-destructive methods to characterize seeds would significantly enhance efforts to identify climate-adapted populations. This study presents near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy models to classify seed origin and predict germination characteristics at different temperatures non-destructively. We focus on <em>Abies alba</em> Mill., a key European forest tree with genetic variation along climatic gradients and seeds with shallow physiological dormancy. Seeds from six populations were analyzed using NIR spectroscopy, and germination was tested at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C after stratification treatments at 4°C (0 or 3 weeks). Population classification accuracy using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis was 69 %, with contributing NIR absorbance peaks at 1712, 1929, and 2111 nm, linked to moisture content and storage compounds. NIR spectra explained 51 % and 65 % of the variation in germination probability and timing using Partial Least Squares Regression, with contributing peaks at 1712, 1929, 2111, 1632, and 2073 nm. General Linear Mixed-Effects Models showed that NIR absorbances (processed using a Principal Component Analysis to reduce dimensionality) contributed to 39 % of the germination probability variance explained by fixed-effects, and the stratification treatment was the most important driver explaining germination time. Our results proved the utility of NIR-based tools to effectively classify bulked seeds and predict germination, opening new perspectives to nursery and forestry sectors and populations’ adaptation and adjustments to warming climate. This study will facilitate further investigations on the physiological processes that occur during dormancy, a critical process for forest regeneration given the expected impact of shorter and warmer winters on seed behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pests in plantation forests: Challenging traditional productive paradigms in the Southern Cone of America","authors":"José Villacide ,&nbsp;Alvaro Fuentealba","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial forest plantations in the Southern Cone of South America, dominated by <em>Pinus</em> and <em>Eucalyptus</em>, are increasingly affected by pests, primarily driven by global change and silvicultural intensification. The predominance of homogeneous stands composed of fast-growing exotic tree species under high-input regimes reduces biodiversity and increases vulnerability to both invasive and native pests. This review aims to assess the potential of mixed-species plantations to enhance pest resilience in plantation forests of the region. Recent changes in pest-host dynamics, including novel associations and spillovers into native forests, underscore the growing complexity of forest health challenges in the region. In this context, forest diversification, through mixed-species plantations and increased landscape heterogeneity, has emerged as a promising approach to enhance ecological resilience and reduce pest impacts. Although empirical evidence from the region remains limited, studies suggest that greater tree diversity can reduce pest incidence by hindering host detection and promoting more effective natural enemy communities. The effectiveness of such diversification, however, depends on species composition, ecological interactions, and management context. Regionally coordinated experimental networks are urgently needed to guide the transition toward more resilient silvicultural models. These should evaluate pest-specific responses, productivity trade-offs, and long-term forest health outcomes under diverse management scenarios. Effective implementation will also require strong policy support, including incentives for diversification, harmonized technical protocols, and sustained investment in research infrastructure. By integrating ecological principles into plantation forest system design and promote regional collaboration, the Southern Cone of America can lead the development of sustainable, pest-resilient plantation forestry under global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"597 ","pages":"Article 123127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive yet wild: Reconciling timber harvesting and small mammal conservation via understory protection harvesting in managed boreal landscapes of Alberta, Canada","authors":"Bijaya Dhami ,&nbsp;Erin Bayne ,&nbsp;Apoorv Saini ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Habib","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensification of forest management demands innovative strategies that reconcile timber production with biodiversity conservation. This study evaluates the ecological effectiveness of Understory Protection (UP) harvesting, a spatially explicit method designed to minimize understory conifer damage, compared to Natural Disturbance Harvesting (NDH), where such vegetation is typically lost. Using a randomized block design, we deployed motion-triggered camera traps at 57 blocks representing four forest treatments: NDH, Unharvested forest (OG), and two UP sub-treatments: structurally intact UP_Buffer and more exposed UP_Trail. NDH and UP_Trail treatments, characterized by reduced canopy cover, green tree basal area and elevated grass cover and shrub density, favored both early-seral specialist and generalists such as <em>Sorex</em> shrews<em>, Peromyscus maniculatus, Zapus princeps,</em> and <em>Lepus americanus</em>. In contrast, UP_Buffer and OG treatments, characterized by late-seral structural conditions, supported greater habitat use intensity and higher naïve occupancy by old forest specialists including <em>Clethrionomys gapperi</em>, <em>Glaucomys sabrinus</em>, and <em>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</em>. Notably, <em>Clethrionomys gapperi</em> and <em>Glaucomys sabrinus</em> occurrence was insensitive to time since harvest, indicating structural retention, not stand age, was the key predictor of their presence in the range of conditions measured. These results suggest that UP harvesting supports a diverse small mammal assemblage by integrating complementary habitats (UP_Buffer and UP_Trail). Critically, the within-stand heterogeneity established by UP_Buffer accelerates ecological recovery toward old-growth conditions, rapidly providing habitat for old forest-associated species in managed boreal forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"596 ","pages":"Article 123087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}