Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Norway spruce productivity in southern Sweden is equally limited by nitrogen and phosphorous","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nutrient limitation of forest growth, especially nitrogen (N) deficiency, is widespread in the boreal region. N fertilisation has thus become a common silvicultural practice in Fennoscandian Norway spruce stands, but to what extent phosphorus (P) is co-limiting productivity and how initial basal area affects the growth response to N addition remains unresolved. To address these questions, two experiments were established in mid-rotation Norway spruce stands in southern Sweden where decades of high atmospheric N deposition have reduced the severity of N-limitation. In a P experiment initiated in 2011, we tested P addition alone (two applications of 200 kg P ha⁻¹) and in a second study also starting in 2011 (NP experiment), a single dose of N was administered alone (200 kg ha⁻¹ in thinned and unthinned stands, hereafter called N and N-unthinned treatments) and in combination with P (N+P = one-time 200 kg N ha⁻¹, two applications of 200 kg P ha⁻¹ in thinned stands). P addition alone increased PAI (periodic annual increment) significantly by 21 % during the first, moister assessment period up to 2014 and by 18 % in the drier 2015–2019 period, resulting in a 10 % increase in final stem volume yield. In the NP experiment, significant PAI increases under favourable meteorological conditions up to 2014 occurred in all fertilisation treatments. The strongest effects were seen in the N-unthinned treatment while no significant additive effect resulted from the joint addition of N and P (N: +20 %, N-unthinned: +38 %, N+P: +23 %). In the drier 2015–2019 period, only the N+P treatment caused significantly greater PAI (+29 %). Final stem volume yield in the NP experiment significantly increased by 10 %, 39 % and 16 % in the N, N-unthinned and N+P plots, respectively. In both experiments, foliar P and thus P/N rose drastically in response to P addition alone or in combination with N. Minor increases in leaf area index (LAI) only occurred in P-containing treatments. Our findings indicate that Norway spruce productivity in southern Sweden is constrained to a similar extent by both N and P. Sustainable nutrient management in Norway spruce growing regions with high N loading (like southern Sweden) should prioritise P over N supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112724005048/pdfft?md5=feedcfe294a539e65b1bc7a748b31150&pid=1-s2.0-S0378112724005048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hindcasting and updating Landsat-based forest structure mapping across years to support forest management and planning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122239","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Forest vegetation mapping that integrates forest inventory data with multispectral remote sensing data provides valuable geospatial products for public land management agencies, but resource managers may require rapid updating of maps as new imagery becomes available (updating) or retrospective mapping for times prior to forest inventory plot measurement (hindcasting). While forest attribute mapping using Landsat multispectral imagery is common, the accuracy of applying models outside of reference epoch to support long-term forest monitoring is not normally quantified. We examine whether a Landsat-based mapping approach can support robust, temporally consistent multivariate mapping of forest structure and composition data in support of forest management planning and landscape analysis. Specifically, we ask: how accurate forest attribute mapping was when hindcasting or updating outside of a period of time when forest inventory plot data were available (reference epoch)? In the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon and California, USA, we used the gradient nearest neighbor approach to annually impute USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot data (2001–2016) to all 30-m forested pixels based on temporally smoothed Landsat multispectral imagery (1986–2021), including basal area, canopy cover, quadratic mean diameter of dominant trees, stand height, and the density of large diameter trees. We made extrapolations from models fit to a 10-year reference epoch to both earlier periods (2001–2006 hindcast) and to later period (2011–2016 update) and quantified prediction accuracies relative to models based on the full data (2001–2016). To evaluate the influence of spatial scale on hindcasting and updating, we compared full and extrapolation model predictions at pixel-level (0.09 ha) and hexagon-level (780 ha).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the plot-level, we found no strong differences between the full and extrapolation model predictions for &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and mean error nor among predicted vs. observed regression coefficients. At the pixel-level, average differences due to hindcasting and updating were near zero, though differences varied up to 20 % across pixels. At the hexagon-level, the range in map differences was small (+/- 5 %), but hindcasting resulted in lesser forest attribute predictions. We observed greater variability in pixel-level and hexagon-level prediction differences when hindcasting or updating was temporally further away from the reference period. Using 2001 hindcast and 2016 updated maps as a case study, we found that with hindcasting and updating map differences were spatially aggregated across the study region. Our results support Landsat-based hindcasting and updating of forest attribute mapping beyond the time period covered by forest plot data. Our results suggest aggregating data to coarse spatial resolutions may minimize differences due to hindcasting and updating. Further research is needed to identify the key drivers for predicti","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of forest extent, configuration and landscape context on presence of declining breeding Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata and implications for planning new woodland","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to the combined impacts of the climate and biodiversity crises, as well as for timber security and increased recreational access to green spaces, there is a global drive to increase tree cover. In the UK, an estimated 1.5 million ha of afforestation are required to meet its carbon net-zero emissions targets (<span><span>Committee on Climate Change, 2018</span></span>). Despite the potential benefits, careful consideration must be given to the impacts of woodland creation on species adapted to open habitats. To investigate potential risks and mitigation for the IUCN Near Threatened Eurasian curlew <em>Numenius arquata</em>, a national spatially extensive field-scale dataset was used to investigate the relationships between curlew presence during the breeding season and a range of forest and landscape variables at two different spatial scales (0.5 km and 1 km). Variables included forest extent and configuration, and interaction between forests and extent of semi-natural open habitats, moorland management and topography. At both spatial scales, a negative relationship existed between extent of forest and the probability of curlew presence, and at 1 km, between probability of presence and the number of forest patches. However, these negative patterns depended on landscape context and were reduced where there was a greater quantity of semi-natural open habitat, such as moorland or rough grassland, and moorland management present. Overall, the findings emphasise the need to consider the impacts of woodland creation projects on species adapted to open habitats. However, the results suggest that these impacts can be influenced by landscape. These results could help inform decisions regarding the appropriateness of woodland creation in different landscapes and possible mitigation measures that could be applied against the risks created by afforestation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112724005930/pdfft?md5=5fba7bf337a1990badc467635f97afce&pid=1-s2.0-S0378112724005930-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Throwing fuel on the fire? Contrasting fine and coarse fuel responses to windthrow in temperate eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Windthrow is a disturbance in south-eastern Australian forests which significantly re-arranges forest and fuel structure by removing canopy trees. The implications for fuel dynamics and fire behaviour remains unquantified, making it a concern for fire managers. This study quantifies changes to forest and fuel structure caused by windthrow of varying severity, and uses this data to consider potential implications for fire behaviour. Thirty sites were established across dry eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia ∼2 years after a severe windstorm resulted in extensive areas of windthrow. Ten sites were selected within each of unimpacted, low and high severity windthrow areas. Fine fuels were assessed using visual estimates of height, cover and percent dead across various fuel strata (surface; near-surface; elevated; bark) to develop fuel hazard scores using established protocols. Coarse fuels (fallen branches, logs) were assessed using a line-intercept survey. Fuel data were used to calculate expected fire behaviour (rate of spread, flame height, total heat output and residence time) across windthrow severity. The trends in both fine and coarse fuels were largely reflective of the forest structural changes induced by windthrow. Surface fuel (i.e. dead litter on the forest floor) decreased in depth and cover, while near-surface fuels increased in cover, height and proportion of dead with increasing windthrow severity. This reflects a reduction in litter inputs from reduced canopy cover, and an increase in the abundance of grasses and fallen canopy debris. Elevated fuels (i.e., shrubs) were unchanged across windthrown and unimpacted sites;bark fuel decreased with increasing windthrow severity, reflecting a reduction in standing basal area at severely impacted sites. Coarse fuel loads substantially increased with windthrow severity: high severity sites had ∼300 Mg/ha of coarse fuel loads compared to ∼20 Mg/ha at unimpacted sites. The changes in fine and coarse fuels resulted in a 1.2-fold increase in predicted flame height and a 17-fold increase in total heat output and residence time in high severity windthrow sites compared with unimpacted sites. Our research shows that windthrow produces complex and contrasting patterns in fine and coarse fuel loads, and the increase in near-surface and coarse fuels confers greater potential fire intensity via increased flame height, total heat output and residence time. Windthrow represents a conundrum for fire managers who are required to balance the reduction in fire risk while also retaining the important habitat resource fallen logs represent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112724005784/pdfft?md5=744ffb943b89a9a0085ccb6705aa80aa&pid=1-s2.0-S0378112724005784-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the chemistry of plant flammability: Exploring the role of volatile secondary metabolites beyond terpenes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant flammability research has proven pivotal in comprehending the contribution of vegetation to the flammability of forest ecosystems. Yet, the relationship between many leaf chemical traits and plant flammability is poorly understood. While terpenes and some leaf nutrients in plants have been extensively studied for their role in flammability, a wide array of other secondary metabolites remain unexplored in this context. Here, we present the volatile secondary metabolites composition of fresh leaves from nine dominant species from central Chile, both native and exotic, and determine whether there is variability within and among species in chemical composition and flammability. Moreover, we investigate how these compounds influence various leaf flammability traits. The Chilean Mediterranean ecosystem emerges as a useful study site given its unique endemic flora, increased frequency of forest fires, proliferation of invasive plants and extensive land conversion that favors the spread of fire-prone exotic species, and significant scarcity of phytochemical research dedicated to this ecosystem. A total of 118 volatile chemical compounds were quantified, belonging to over ten groups of volatile secondary metabolites. Terpenes, ketones, and hydrocarbons comprised 75 % of these compounds, and each species displayed a unique phytochemical profile. Surprisingly, some native species (<em>Citronella mucronata</em>, <em>Cryptocarya alba</em>) exhibited equivalent or higher leaf flammability than the well-known flammable exotics <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> and <em>Pinus radiata</em>, respectively. Leaf flammability was best explained by the concentration of aldehydes, ketones, green leaf volatiles, and aromatic compounds. Interestingly, terpenes as well as moisture content were not significantly correlated with flammability. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of considering a broader range of phytochemicals, beyond terpenes, to fully understand leaf flammability among species. Consequently, a deeper understanding -within and across ecosystems- of the influence exerted by diverse groups of phytochemicals on flammability is an urgent need for forest management planning in an increasingly flammable world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking lightning-induced fires: Spatial variability and implications for management policies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lightning is the primary natural ignition source for wildfires. However, in certain ecosystems, anthropogenic fires predominate and account for the majority of fire incidents. In many countries, the prevailing perception holds that wildfires are overwhelmingly human-caused. While statistically accurate when pooling data from across the country, this perspective leads to a misconception that wildfires are not a natural component of ecosystems. This generalization requires a critical examination of regional variability in lightning-induced wildfires (LIWs). As a case study, we examined the spatial distribution of LIWs in Türkiye using national wildfire data between 2002 and 2022. We considered three main wildfire causes: human-caused, lightning-induced, and unknown-origin. We investigated the distribution of fire occurrences and burned areas to demonstrate the spatial variability of LIWs and human-caused fires (HCFs) across Türkiye at the regional and local forest management unit levels. We found considerable regional and local disparities in the incidence of LIWs across Türkiye. We also observed a higher incidence of LIWs in areas with higher lightning densities, especially in the mountainous regions of western and northern Anatolia, including southwestern and northwestern Anatolia. In certain years, the proportion of LIWs exceeds 45 % in some regional units and 75 % in many local units. However, LIWs burned significantly smaller areas than HCFs. The most populated regions primarily experienced HCFs, while in several other regions, including less-populated or forest-rich ones, lightning was a major source of wildfires. Seasonal trends also emerged, showing an increased prevalence of LIWs, with a peak during the fire season and a relatively higher percentage during seasonal transitions. Despite the increasing human activity, LIWs have remained a significant cause of wildfires in several regions in the country. Our results on the significant spatial variability in LIWs challenge the traditional belief that human activities are the primary ignition sources for wildfires across Türkiye and downplay lightning as an ignition source. Our findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all fire management strategy which has led to wildfire suppression policies for the past century is suboptimal for countries where lightning is a significant source of wildfires. Therefore, an ecologically sound and economically efficient wildfire management policy must account for regional variability in the causes of wildfires. Accordingly, we recommend a reassessment of blanket fire suppression strategy in several countries such as Türkiye, advocating for more selective suppression practices that consider the role of naturally occurring wildfires.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land tenure and human disturbance influence the current distribution of aboveground biomass in Sri Lankan rainforest fragments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the landscape distribution of aboveground biomass (AGB) in fragmented tropical rainforests in Sri Lanka. While most attribute AGB losses from fragmentation to abiotic edge effects (e.g., desiccation and wind), land tenure and human disturbance also play a significant role. In South Asia, forest fragments are essential food, medicine, and wood sources for large rural populations. Despite this, few studies have addressed AGB dynamics in smallholder landscapes with a long land clearance and cultivation history. This study explored three objectives: (a) assessing the accuracy of a common allometric height-diameter model, (b) comparing AGB stocks in forest fragments to primary forests, and (c) examining the influence of land tenure, abiotic edge effects, and human disturbance on AGB distribution. We estimated AGB using field-based measurements in 18 forest fragments and two primary forest sites and employed mixed effects models to explore the landscape distribution of AGB. The allometric height-diameter model overestimated fragment tree heights compared to measured heights, leading to an overestimation of AGB by 25 %. AGB stocks were significantly lower in fragmented forests (259.9 Mg ha⁻¹) than in primary forests (434.5 Mg ha⁻¹), and there was no significant correlation between plot AGB and variables associated with abiotic edge effects (i.e., distance-to-edge, fragment size, isolation). However, AGB positively correlated with factors related to decreased accessibility and local land ownership. These findings suggest that land tenure and human disturbance strongly influence the current AGB distribution in Sri Lankan rainforest fragments, emphasizing the need to understand human impacts for effective conservation and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling post-fire mortality of Turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten.)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Turkish pine (<em>Pinus brutia</em>) is a widely distributed species in fire-prone regions of the eastern Mediterranean, where it is of economic and ecological importance. After wildfires, damaged trees are usually salvage logged out of concern that fire-injured individuals will eventually die. While fire is a major cause of Turkish pine mortality, the species has traits, such as thick bark, that should confer some resistance to low-intensity fire. The aim of this study is to develop post-fire tree mortality models for Turkish pine to support post-fire management decisions. We selected 510 Turkish pine trees from four wildfires that occurred in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye in 2018 and 2019. Only fire-damaged trees that had initially survived the fires were selected. We measured tree diameter, height, and bark thickness and fire-caused injuries (crown volume scorched, bark char height, bark char index, cambium kill rating, and ground char index) within two months after fire. Stem-related variables were measured at three different heights (0, 50, and 130 cm). We then quantified delayed mortality for two years after each fire and developed mixed effects logistic regression models to predict probability of mortality. Most Turkish pines (84 %) survived, with the majority of mortality occurring during the first year post-fire. Crown volume scorched and stem damage variables were the most important predictors of mortality. Models were selected based on their explanatory power and practical use in the field. Among these, the most explanatory model includes crown volume scorched and bark char index measured at 0 cm stem height. The suggested model for use in forestry includes crown volume scorched and diameter at breast height. Some trees were able to survive and flush new foliage during the first season after fire despite 100 % crown scorch due to low bud kill. Our results show that Turkish pine can survive fire when stem injury is low. The mortality models can assist managers in making more evidence-based decisions for post-fire management and developing more ecologically sustainable post-fire management operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local controls modify the effects of timber harvesting on surface soil carbon and nitrogen in a temperate hardwood forest","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Managing for structural complexity to enhance forest health and resiliency is increasingly incorporated in silvicultural treatments. High spatial variability in stands managed for structural complexity could obscure forest management effects on surface soils. Yet few studies have assessed how within-stand variation in forest structure and other local controls influence the effects of timber harvesting on surface soil organic matter dynamics over time. We used a stratified random sampling design to capture variation in stand age, legacy structure, soil type, and topography in a second-growth, oak-hardwood forest in the northeastern U.S. We compared surface soil carbon and nitrogen content and availability in 15 harvested stands managed to promote tree regeneration (<em>n</em> = 144 plots) and five unharvested controls (<em>n</em> = 48 plots). We also examined changes over time since harvest in just the harvested stands using a 25-year chronosequence. Timber harvesting strongly influenced surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The harvested stands had lower soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass, and carbon mineralization but higher nitrogen mineralization. These differences were more pronounced in the drier soil type with higher organic matter content than in the more moist soil type. Across the 25-year chronosequence, elevation, soil type, and downed woody material density dictated the direction of changes in surface soil carbon and nitrogen over time. Soil carbon and nitrogen accrued over time at drier, higher elevation (∼300 m) sites and was positively associated with higher densities of fine woody material but declined at lower elevations (∼180 m). Proximity to legacy trees was associated with higher soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations and availability. Our findings underscore the importance of silvicultural practices that retain structural legacies in shaping surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics over time. Our results also highlight how accounting for spatial variation in local controls on soil carbon and nitrogen, such as topography, can improve detection of changes from forest management practices that increase spatial heterogeneity within stands, such as irregular shelterwood and seed tree regeneration methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of habitat edges on spatial and spatio-temporal occurrence patterns of mesocarnivores in landscapes dominated by Eucalyptus plantations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human population growth leads to drastic changes in landscape structure that often result in fragmentation. Fragmentation modifies the landscape and divides it into smaller habitat patches, creating habitat edges. These can affect the distribution and abundance of species and influence interspecific interactions. By comparing edges with habitat interiors, we intend to study how or if habitat edges influence mesocarnivores’: i) activity patterns, ii) co-occurrence in time, and iii) occupancy. We used camera-trapping to monitor the mesocarnivore community in two <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantations interspersed with patches of natural habitats, producing a landscape rich in habitat edges. 18 camera traps were placed in each study site, half on habitat edges and half in the interior habitat. We found a higher overlap of the mesocarnivores activity patterns in interior habitat than in habitat edges and a consistent positive effect for edge density on occupancy at both species and community-level. This study demonstrates that habitat edges shape mesocarnivores’ spatial and temporal behaviour. While spatially all species are positively affected by edges, as these can provide alternative or higher availability of resources, or act as travel corridors, to minimize interspecific interactions in edges, species activity overlap is greater within interior habitats than in edge habitats. Our findings support the design of better management measures in human-altered ecosystems, such as agricultural areas and forestry plantations, to guarantee the conservation of biodiversity while maintaining economic profitability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112724005693/pdfft?md5=e168a5eeb8c99f9d51cb005eaca164da&pid=1-s2.0-S0378112724005693-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}